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1.
Plant Biotechnol J ; 22(8): 2333-2347, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38600703

RESUMO

Sterols have long been associated with diverse fields, such as cancer treatment, drug development, and plant growth; however, their underlying mechanisms and functions remain enigmatic. Here, we unveil a critical role played by a GmNF-YC9-mediated CCAAT-box transcription complex in modulating the steroid metabolism pathway within soybeans. Specifically, this complex directly activates squalene monooxygenase (GmSQE1), which is a rate-limiting enzyme in steroid synthesis. Our findings demonstrate that overexpression of either GmNF-YC9 or GmSQE1 significantly enhances soybean stress tolerance, while the inhibition of SQE weakens this tolerance. Field experiments conducted over two seasons further reveal increased yields per plant in both GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing plants under drought stress conditions. This enhanced stress tolerance is attributed to the reduction of abiotic stress-induced cell oxidative damage. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses shed light on the upregulation of multiple sterol compounds, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, in GmNF-YC9 and GmSQE1 overexpressing soybean plants under stress conditions. Intriguingly, the application of soybean steroids, including fucosterol and soyasaponin II, significantly improves drought tolerance in soybean, wheat, foxtail millet, and maize. These findings underscore the pivotal role of soybean steroids in countering oxidative stress in plants and offer a new research strategy for enhancing crop stress tolerance and quality from gene regulation to chemical intervention.


Assuntos
Glycine max , Estresse Fisiológico , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/fisiologia , Glycine max/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas , Esteroides/metabolismo , Secas , Produtos Agrícolas/genética , Produtos Agrícolas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 19(12)2018 Dec 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30562982

RESUMO

WRKYs are important regulators in plant development and stress responses. However, knowledge of this superfamily in soybean is limited. In this study, we characterized the drought- and salt-induced gene GmWRKY12 based on RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR. GmWRKY12, which is 714 bp in length, encoded 237 amino acids and grouped into WRKY II. The promoter region of GmWRKY12 included ABER4, MYB, MYC, GT-1, W-box and DPBF cis-elements, which possibly participate in abscisic acid (ABA), drought and salt stress responses. GmWRKY12 was minimally expressed in different tissues under normal conditions but highly expressed under drought and salt treatments. As a nucleus protein, GmWRKY12 was responsive to drought, salt, ABA and salicylic acid (SA) stresses. Using a transgenic hairy root assay, we further characterized the roles of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress tolerance. Compared with control (Williams 82), overexpression of GmWRKY12 enhanced drought and salt tolerance, increased proline (Pro) content and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content under drought and salt treatment in transgenic soybean seedlings. These results may provide a basis to understand the functions of GmWRKY12 in abiotic stress responses in soybean.


Assuntos
Resistência à Doença/fisiologia , Glycine max/metabolismo , Tolerância ao Sal/fisiologia , Plântula/metabolismo , Proteínas de Soja/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Desidratação , Plântula/genética , Proteínas de Soja/genética , Glycine max/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
3.
BMC Genomics ; 16: 467, 2015 Jun 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26084707

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Single-stranded non-protein coding small RNAs, 18-25 nucleotides in length, are ubiquitous throughout plants genomes and are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Several types of DNA markers have been reported for the detection of genetic diversity or sequence variation in soybean, one of the most important legume crops in worldwide for seed protein and oil content. Recently, with the available of public genomic databases, there has been a shift from the labor-intensive development of PCR-based markers to sequence-based genotyping and the development of functional markers within genes, often coupled with the use of RNA information. But thus far miRNA-based markers have been only developed in rice and tobacco. Here we report the first functional molecular miRNA marker, miR1511-InDel, in soybean for a specific single copy locus used to assess genetic variation in domesticated soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr) and its wild progenitor (Glycine soja Sieb. & Zucc.). RESULTS: We genotyped a total of 1,669 accessions of domesticated soybean (G. max) and its wild progenitor G. soja which are native throughout the China and parts of Korea, Japan and Russia. The results indicate that the miR1511 locus is distributed in cultivated soybean and has three alleles in annual wild soybean. Based on this result, we proposed that miR-InDel marker technology can be used to assess genetic variation. The inclusion of geo-reference data with miR1511-InDel marker data corroborated that accessions from the Yellow River basin (Huanghuai) exhibited high genetic diversity which provides more molecular evidence for gene diversity in annual wild soybean and domestication of soybean. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence for the use of RNA marker, miRNA1511-InDel, as a soybean-specific functional maker for the study of genetic diversity, genotyping of germplasm and evolution studies. This is also the first report of functional marker developed from soybean miRNA located within the functional region of pre-miRNA1511.


Assuntos
Marcadores Genéticos/genética , Glycine max/genética , Mutação INDEL/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Alelos , China , Genoma de Planta/genética , Genótipo , Japão , Filogenia , República da Coreia , Federação Russa , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos
4.
BMC Genomics ; 14: 579, 2013 Aug 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23984715

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Artificial selection played an important role in the origin of modern Glycine max cultivars from the wild soybean Glycine soja. To elucidate the consequences of artificial selection accompanying the domestication and modern improvement of soybean, 25 new and 30 published whole-genome re-sequencing accessions, which represent wild, domesticated landrace, and Chinese elite soybean populations were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 5,102,244 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 707,969 insertion/deletions were identified. Among the SNPs detected, 25.5% were not described previously. We found that artificial selection during domestication led to more pronounced reduction in the genetic diversity of soybean than the switch from landraces to elite cultivars. Only a small proportion (2.99%) of the whole genomic regions appear to be affected by artificial selection for preferred agricultural traits. The selection regions were not distributed randomly or uniformly throughout the genome. Instead, clusters of selection hotspots in certain genomic regions were observed. Moreover, a set of candidate genes (4.38% of the total annotated genes) significantly affected by selection underlying soybean domestication and genetic improvement were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Given the uniqueness of the soybean germplasm sequenced, this study drew a clear picture of human-mediated evolution of the soybean genomes. The genomic resources and information provided by this study would also facilitate the discovery of genes/loci underlying agronomically important traits.


Assuntos
Genoma de Planta , Glycine max/genética , Teorema de Bayes , Cruzamento , Evolução Molecular , Genética Populacional , Haplótipos , Humanos , Mutação INDEL , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Locos de Características Quantitativas , Seleção Genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA
5.
Biochem Biophys Res Commun ; 437(4): 544-9, 2013 Aug 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23845904

RESUMO

Glyphosate is a broad spectrum, non-selective herbicide which has been widely used for weed control. Much work has focused on elucidating the high accumulation of glyphosate in shoot apical bud (shoot apex). However, to date little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the sensitivity of shoot apical bud to glyphosate. Global gene expression profiling of the soybean apical bud response to glyphosate treatment was performed in this study. The results revealed that the glyphosate inhibited tryptophan biosynthesis of the shikimic acid pathway in the soybean apical bud, which was the target site of glyphosate. Glyphosate inhibited the expression of most of the target herbicide site genes. The promoter sequence analysis of key target genes revealed that light responsive elements were important regulators in glyphosate induction. These results will facilitate further studies of cloning genes and molecular mechanisms of glyphosate on soybean shoot apical bud.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Glycine max/genética , Glicina/análogos & derivados , Brotos de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Glicina/farmacologia , Herbicidas/farmacologia , Luz , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas , Ácido Chiquímico/metabolismo , Glycine max/efeitos dos fármacos , Triptofano/biossíntese , Glifosato
6.
Int J Biol Macromol ; 230: 123255, 2023 Mar 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36639088

RESUMO

Despite their essential and multiple roles in biological processes, the molecular mechanism of Dof transcription factors (TFs) for responding to abiotic stresses is rarely reported in plants. We identified a soybean Dof gene GmDof41 which was involved in the responses to drought, salt, and exogenous ABA stresses. Overexpression of GmDof41 in soybean transgenic hairy roots attenuated H2O2 accumulation and regulated proline homeostasis, resulting in the drought and salt tolerance. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) illustrated that GmDof41 was regulated by the DREB1-type protein GmDREB1B;1 that could improve drought and salt tolerance in plants. Further studies illustrated GmDof41 can directly bind to the promoter of GmDREB2A which encodes a DREB2-type protein and affects abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Collectively, our results suggested that GmDof41 positively regulated drought and salt tolerance by correlating with GmDREB1B;1 and GmDREB2A. This study provides an important basis for further exploring the abiotic stress-tolerance mechanism of Dof TFs in soybean.


Assuntos
Glycine max , Tolerância ao Sal , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/metabolismo , Tolerância ao Sal/genética , Secas , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas/metabolismo , Estresse Fisiológico/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo
7.
Plant Cell Rep ; 31(10): 1801-12, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22696141

RESUMO

Dirigent and dirigent-like family proteins contain a number of proteins involved in lignification or in the response to pathogen infection and abiotic stress in plants. In the present study, a full-length cDNA sequence of a dirigent-like gene designated ScDir (GenBank Accession Number JQ622282) was obtained from sugarcane based on the stem full-length cDNA library. The ScDir gene was 819-bp long, including a 564-bp ORF encoding 187 amino acid residues. The protein N-terminus contained signal peptides at amino acid residues of 1-25 and transmembrane regions at 7-26 aa. A his-tagged ScDir protein with an estimated molecular mass of 27.4 kDa was expressed in Escherichia coli system. The expressed ScDir protein had increased the host cell's tolerance to PEG and NaCl. When an endogenous GAPDH gene was used as internal control, results from real-time qPCR demonstrated that the ScDir mRNA amount in sugarcane stems was significantly higher than that in the roots, leaves and buds by 18.64 ± 0.48, 25,635.16 ± 2,966.03 and 721.50 ± 8.17-fold, respectively. The ScDir transcript levels in sugarcane seedling increased under H(2)O(2), PEG or NaCl stress. The expression level of ScDir was significantly upregulated under PEG stress, and the highest level was observed at 12 h after stress. Thus, both the ScDir-hosted cell performance and the enhanced expressions in sugarcane imply that the ScDir gene is involved in the response to abiotic stresses of drought, salts and oxidation. The transcription of the ScDir gene is highly stem-specific, as revealed by real-time qPCR. Key message A novel sugarcane Sc-Dir gene, DIRd subfamily, which is highly stalk-specific expression and involved in the response to artificial stresses of drought, salts, and oxidatives.


Assuntos
Secas , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Genes de Plantas , Estresse Oxidativo , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Saccharum/genética , Clonagem Molecular , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Biblioteca Gênica , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Peso Molecular , Fases de Leitura Aberta , Oxirredução , Folhas de Planta/efeitos dos fármacos , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Raízes de Plantas/genética , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Caules de Planta/genética , Polietilenoglicóis/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/genética , RNA Mensageiro/metabolismo , Saccharum/efeitos dos fármacos , Saccharum/metabolismo , Saccharum/fisiologia , Plântula/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/genética , Plântula/metabolismo , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Fatores de Tempo , Transcriptoma
8.
Front Plant Sci ; 13: 845314, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35401633

RESUMO

TIFY proteins play crucial roles in plant abiotic and biotic stress responses. Our transcriptome data revealed several TIFY family genes with significantly upregulated expression under drought, salt, and ABA treatments. However, the functions of the GmTIFY family genes are still unknown in abiotic stresses. We identified 38 GmTIFY genes and found that TIFY10 homologous genes have the most duplication events, higher selection pressure, and more obvious response to abiotic stresses compared with other homologous genes. Expression pattern analysis showed that GmTIFY10e and GmTIFY10g genes were significantly induced by salt stress. Under salt stress, GmTIFY10e and GmTIFY10g transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed higher root lengths and fresh weights and had significantly better growth than the wild type (WT). In addition, overexpression of GmTIFY10e and GmTIFY10g genes in soybean improved salt tolerance by increasing the PRO, POD, and CAT contents and decreasing the MDA content; on the contrary, RNA interference plants showed sensitivity to salt stress. Overexpression of GmTIFY10e and GmTIFY10g in Arabidopsis and soybean could improve the salt tolerance of plants, while the RNAi of GmTIFY10e and GmTIFY10g significantly increased sensitivity to salt stress in soybean. Further analysis demonstrated that GmTIFY10e and GmTIFY10g genes changed the expression levels of genes related to the ABA signal pathway, including GmSnRK2, GmPP2C, GmMYC2, GmCAT1, and GmPOD. This study provides a basis for comprehensive analysis of the role of soybean TIFY genes in stress response in the future.

9.
Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ; 58(8): 1111-5, 2010 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20686271

RESUMO

Three new dammarane-type glycosides, named ginsenosides SL(1)-SL(3) (1-3), and eleven known compounds (4-14) were isolated from the heat-processed leaves of Panax ginseng. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive chemical and spectroscopic methods. Cytotoxic-activity testing of compounds 1-14 against human leukemia HL-60 cells showed that ginsenosides Rh(3) (11) and Rk(2) (12) exhibited potent effects with IC(50) values of 0.8 and 0.9 microM. In addition, ginsenosides SL(3) (3), 20S-Rg(2) (7), F(4) (10), 20S-Rh(2) (13) displayed strong activity with IC(50) values of 9.0, 9.0, 7.5, and 8.2 microM, respectively. This is the first report on chemical components of the steamed ginseng leaves.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/toxicidade , Ginsenosídeos/toxicidade , Panax/química , Extratos Vegetais/toxicidade , Folhas de Planta/química , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/isolamento & purificação , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Ginsenosídeos/química , Ginsenosídeos/isolamento & purificação , Células HL-60 , Humanos , Concentração Inibidora 50 , Conformação Molecular , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Estereoisomerismo
10.
J Integr Plant Biol ; 52(5): 485-95, 2010 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20537044

RESUMO

Ethylene-responsive factors (ERFs) are important regulators of plant gene expression. In this study, three novel ERF genes, GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6, were isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirstum) using rapid amplification of cDNA ends-polymerase chain reaction. Transient expression analysis using GhERF-green fluorescent protein fusions showed that these three proteins were targeted to the nucleus. Fusion proteins consisting of GhERF2, GhERF3 or GhERF6 coupled to the GAL4 DNA binding domain strongly activated transcription in yeast. Furthermore, GhERF6 was shown to be able to bind specifically to GCC boxes using a particle bombardment assay in tobacco cells. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that GhERF2 and GhERF3 are constitutively expressed in all organs, while GhERF6 is only constitutively expressed in vegetative organs. When plants were treated with ethylene, abscisic acid, salt, cold and drought, the transcripts of GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6 were rapidly induced to high levels. Promoter analysis also indicated that the 5' upstream regions of the three genes possess elements induced by these physiological and environmental factors. Collectively, our data suggest that GhERF2, GhERF3 and GhERF6 might function as positive trans-acting factors in the plant responses to ethylene, abscisic acid and other stresses and provide useful clues for further research into the mechanism of them in regulating cotton multiple stress responses.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Genes de Plantas/genética , Gossypium/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Bioensaio , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Passeio de Cromossomo , DNA Complementar/genética , DNA Complementar/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Cebolas/citologia , Cebolas/metabolismo , Filogenia , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Transporte Proteico , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/citologia , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Nicotiana/citologia , Nicotiana/metabolismo , Ativação Transcricional/genética
11.
Front Plant Sci ; 10: 549, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31156656

RESUMO

The TGA transcription factors, a subfamily of bZIP group D, play crucial roles in various biological processes, including the regulation of growth and development as well as responses to pathogens and abiotic stress. In this study, 27 TGA genes were identified in the soybean genome. The expression patterns of GmTGA genes showed that several GmTGA genes are differentially expressed under drought and salt stress conditions. Among them, GmTGA17 was strongly induced by both stress, which were verificated by the promoter-GUS fusion assay. GmTGA17 encodes a nuclear-localized protein with transcriptional activation activity. Heterologous and homologous overexpression of GmTGA17 enhanced tolerance to drought and salt stress in both transgeinc Arabidopsis plants and soybean hairy roots. However, RNAi hairy roots silenced for GmTGA17 exhibited an increased sensitivity to drought and salt stress. In response to drought or salt stress, transgenic Arabidopsis plants had an increased chlorophyll and proline contents, a higher ABA content, a decreased MDA content, a reduced water loss rate, and an altered expression of ABA- responsive marker genes compared with WT plants. In addition, transgenic Arabidopsis plants were more sensitive to ABA in stomatal closure. Similarly, measurement of physiological parameters showed an increase in chlorophyll and proline contents, with a decrease in MDA content in soybean seedlings with overexpression hairy roots after drought and salt stress treatments. The opposite results for each measurement were observed in RNAi lines. This study provides new insights for functional analysis of soybean TGA transcription factors in abiotic stress.

12.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 46(1): 46-53, 2008 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18035549

RESUMO

Ethylene-responsive element binding factors (ERFs) are plant-specific transcription factors, many of which have been linked to stress responses. A novel ERF gene, designated GhERF4, was isolated by RACE-PCR from Gossypium hirsutum. The GhERF4 cDNA has a total length of 1061bp with an open reading frame of 669bp, encoding a protein of 222 amino acids with a molecular weight of 23.5kDa and a calculated pI of 9.03. Sequence alignment shows that GhERF4 contains a 58 amino acid long AP2/ERF domain and a RKRP nuclear localization signal, and belongs to a group II protein in the ERF subfamily as typified by the C-terminal ERF-associated Amphiphilic Repression (EAR) motif. Southern blot analysis indicates that GhERF4 is a single copy gene in cotton genome. Using green fluorescent protein fusion, we demonstrate that GhERF4 accumulates specifically in the nucleus of onion epidermis cells. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR reveals that GhERF4 is constitutively expressed in true leaves, roots, seeds and stems. The transcripts of GhERF4 accumulate highly and rapidly when plants are treated with exogenous ethylene, salt, cold, drought stresses and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, suggesting that GhERF4 is regulated by certain components of the stress signaling pathway. Promoter analysis indicates that the 5' upstream region of GhERF4 possesses some elements induced by physiological and environmental factors. These results indicate that GhERF4 may play an important role in response to ethylene, ABA and environmental stresses.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/fisiologia , Gossypium/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/biossíntese , Elementos de Resposta/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/fisiologia , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/farmacologia , Motivos de Aminoácidos/fisiologia , Clonagem Molecular , DNA Complementar/genética , Etilenos/metabolismo , Etilenos/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Gossypium/genética , Sinais de Localização Nuclear/genética , Sinais de Localização Nuclear/metabolismo , Fases de Leitura Aberta/fisiologia , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/farmacologia , Folhas de Planta/genética , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Caules de Planta/genética , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína/fisiologia , Sementes/genética , Sementes/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Transcrição/genética
13.
Nat Biotechnol ; 32(10): 1045-52, 2014 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25218520

RESUMO

Wild relatives of crops are an important source of genetic diversity for agriculture, but their gene repertoire remains largely unexplored. We report the establishment and analysis of a pan-genome of Glycine soja, the wild relative of cultivated soybean Glycine max, by sequencing and de novo assembly of seven phylogenetically and geographically representative accessions. Intergenomic comparisons identified lineage-specific genes and genes with copy number variation or large-effect mutations, some of which show evidence of positive selection and may contribute to variation of agronomic traits such as biotic resistance, seed composition, flowering and maturity time, organ size and final biomass. Approximately 80% of the pan-genome was present in all seven accessions (core), whereas the rest was dispensable and exhibited greater variation than the core genome, perhaps reflecting a role in adaptation to diverse environments. This work will facilitate the harnessing of untapped genetic diversity from wild soybean for enhancement of elite cultivars.


Assuntos
Genoma de Planta/genética , Genômica/métodos , Glycine max/genética , Glycine max/fisiologia , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Agricultura , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Biomassa , DNA de Plantas/análise , DNA de Plantas/genética , Resistência à Doença/genética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Sementes/genética , Alinhamento de Sequência , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Glycine max/classificação
14.
Mol Plant ; 5(4): 889-900, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22138860

RESUMO

An increasing number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to play crucial regulatory roles in the process of plant development. Here, we used high-throughput sequencing combined with computational analysis to characterize miRNAomes from the ovules of wild-type upland cotton and a fiberless mutant during fiber initiation. Comparative miRNAome analysis combined with northern blotting and RACE-PCR revealed seven fiber initiation-related miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules and experimentally validated targets of these miRNAs are involved in different cellular responses and metabolic processes, including transcriptional regulation, auxin and gibberellin signal transduction, actin bundles, and lignin biosynthesis. This paper describes a complex regulatory network consisting of these miRNAs expressed in cotton ovules to coordinate fiber initiation responses. In addition, 36 novel miRNAs and two conserved miRNAs were newly identified, nearly doubling the number of known cotton miRNA families to a total of 78. Furthermore, a chromatin remodeling complex subunit and a pre-mRNA splicing factor are shown for the first time to be miRNA targets. To our knowledge, this study is the first systematic investigation of fiber initiation-related miRNAs and their targets in the developing cotton ovule, deepening our understanding of the important regulatory functions of miRNAs in cotton fiber initiation.


Assuntos
Fibra de Algodão , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Gossypium/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gossypium/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , Óvulo Vegetal/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Óvulo Vegetal/genética , Sequência de Bases , Gossypium/metabolismo , Mutação , Óvulo Vegetal/metabolismo , Análise de Sequência de RNA
15.
J Agric Food Chem ; 58(2): 868-74, 2010 Jan 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20030409

RESUMO

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) has been extensively used as a functional food for thousands of years. This study with the aim to evaluate the potential of P. ginseng flower components as a functional food with medicinal properties resulted in the identification of three new dammarane-type saponins, named floralginsenosides Ka-Kc (1-3), along with seventeen known ones (4-20). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic methods, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated by the intracellular ROS radical scavenging DCF-DA assay. Among them, floralginsenoside Ka (1) displayed potent scavenging activity with the inhibition value of 64% at 10 microM; and ginsenoside Rb(1) (13), floralginsenoside Kc (3), floralginsenoside Kb (2), vinaginsenoside R(9) (11), majoroside F(1) (12), ginsenoside I (17), and ginsenoside II (18) showed moderate scavenging capacity with the inhibition rate of 28, 33, 35, 35, 35, 38, and 38% at 10 microM, respectively. These results warrant further studies concerning the potential of saponin extracts of P. ginseng flowers for functional foods.


Assuntos
Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/química , Espaço Intracelular/química , Panax/química , Saponinas/química , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Cricetinae , Medicamentos de Ervas Chinesas/farmacologia , Flores/química , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/farmacologia , Espaço Intracelular/efeitos dos fármacos , Espaço Intracelular/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/química , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Saponinas/farmacologia
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