Relationship between prevalence and risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between prevalence and risks of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture and NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD should be monitored regularly for bone mineral density and bone metabolism indicators to prevent osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the relationship between prevalence and risks of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). METHODS: Five databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Library, were searched since the conception of these databases until December 2021. The cohort studies, cross-sectional analyses or case-control studies evaluating the relationship between osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture and NAFLD were retrieved from these databases. Relevant data were extracted from the included studies, and a meta-analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of seven studies were included. The prevalence of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 1.17, 95%CI(1.04,1.31)], while the prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 1.46, 95%CI (1.21,1.77) and OR = 1.48, 95%CI (1.31,1.68), respectively] in men and women. The risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures was higher in the NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 1.33,95%CI (1.24,1.44) and OR = 1.57,95%CI (1.08,2.29), respectively]. The risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures was higher in male and female NAFLD groups than that in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 1.29, 95%CI(1.14,1.47) and OR = 1.36, 95%CI (1.25,1.48), respectively]. After parameter adjustment, the risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fracture was higher in the male NAFLD group than in the non-NAFLD group [OR = 2.10, 95%CI(1.36,3.25)], while no significant difference was found among women [OR = 1.13, 95%CI (0.86,1.48)]. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence and risk of osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures were significantly associated with NAFLD in men and women. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO 2022 CRD42022304708.

The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism in a pre-diabetes population and an analysis of related factors.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the prevalence and related influencing factors of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in a pre-diabetes (PreDM) population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select the adult Han population in Gansu Province for investigation. General data and related biochemical indices were recorded and SPSS software was used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: This study selected 2876 patients, including 548 with SCH and 433 with PreDM. In the PreDM population, the levels of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum phosphorus, TPOAb and TgAb in the SCH group were higher than those in the euthyroid group (P < 0.05). The level of TPOAb in females of SCH group was higher than that in males (P < 0.05). The positive rates of TPOAb and TgAb in females were higher than those in males in the total population and SCH population. The prevalence of SCH in the PreDM group under 60 was significantly higher than that in the normal glucose tolerance (NGT) group (26.02% vs. 20.40%, χ2 = 5.150, P < 0.05). We defined SCH as a TSH level of >4.20 mIU/L. Using this criterion, the prevalence of SCH in the total population of PreDM was higher than that in the NGT population (χ2 = 8.611, P < 0.05), the prevalence of SCH in the PreDM population generally showed an upward trend. However, we performed a separate analysis considering the accepted impact of age on TSH redefining SCH as TSH >8.86 mIU/L (for individuals over age 65). However, allowing for the expected rise in TSH levels in individuals over age 65, the prevalence of SCH in the elderly over 65 years of age decreased significantly (NGT population from 27.48% to 9.16%, PreDM population from 34.18% to 6.33%, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for SCH in the PreDM population were female gender, fasting plasma glucose and TSH (all P < 0.05). Risk factors for SCH in the impaired fasting glucose (IFG) population were female gender, OGTT 2 h, TSH and TPOAb (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SCH in the PreDM population not considering the known physiological increase in age related TSH was relatively high and was significant in female and the IFG population. However, the effect of age on these findings needs to attract more attention.

The prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in the pre-diabetic population was analysed by cross-sectional survey. There is a great deviation in the diagnosis of SCH in the elderly with physiologically increased thyroid stimulating hormone, which needs to be redefined.

[Palmitic acid induces inflammation and transdifferentiation by activating cGAS/STING pathway in human renal tubular epithelial cells].

Objective To investigate the molecular mechanism of palmitic acid (PA) inducing inflammation and epithelial to mesenchymal transdifferentiation (EMT) in human renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs). Methods The cell lipid accumulation model was prepared by RTECs and the cells were divided into blank control group, bovine serum albumin (BSA) group, PA group, and PA combined with stimulator of interferon genes (STING) specific inhibitor H151 group. The lipid accumulation of RTECs were detected by oil red O staining. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the mRNA levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, transforming growth factor ß1 (TGF-ß1), and type 1 collagen alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) in RTECs. The protein expressions of STING, nuclear factor-κB p65 (NF-κB p65), phosphorylated NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65), TGF-ß1, and type 1 collagen (Col1) were detected by Western blot and the expression and distribution of Col1 in RETCs were detected by immunofluorescence chemical staining. Results Compared with the control group, PA stimulated the lipid deposition, the expression of STING, and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 obviously, up-regulated the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-ß1, and COL1A1 significantly, increased the protein expressions of TGF-ß1 and Col1 and the distribution of Col1 in RTECs; compared with those in the PA group, after H151 treatment, the expression of STING and the phosphorylation of NF-κB p65 decreased notably, the mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-8, TGF-ß1, and COL1A1 were down-regulated dramatically, and the protein expressions of TGF-ß1 and Col1 declined with reduced distribution of Col1. Conclusion PA induces lipid deposition, activated the cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate synthase (cGAS)/STING pathway, and caused inflammation and EMT in RTECs.

Association Between the Risk of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease.

Objective: To explore the relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: A total of 1168 patients with T2DM were divided into the non-CKD and CKD groups, and the difference in the prevalence of NAFLD was compared. The differences in serum creatinine (SCr) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) levels were compared between the non-NAFLD and NAFLD groups. Patients with T2DM were divided into three groups according to their UACR levels (UACR < 30 mg/g [U1 group]; UACR ≤ 30 mg/g to < 300 mg/g [U2 group]; and UACR ≥ 300 mg/g [U3 group]) or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) levels (≥ 90 mL/min [G1 group]; eGFR ≤ 60 mL/min to < 90 mL/min [G2 group]; and eGFR < 60 mL/min (G3 group]). The difference in the prevalence and risks of NAFLD in the different UACR or eGFR level groups was analyzed. Results: The prevalence of NAFLD in the CKD group was higher than that in the non-CKD group (63.5% vs 50.5%, p < 0.001). The SCr and UACR levels in the NAFLD group were higher than those in the non-NAFLD group (both p<0.05). The prevalence of NAFLD in the U3 group (75.6%) was higher than that in the U1 (50.5%, p < 0.05) and U2 (60.1%, p < 0.05) groups, and the prevalence of NAFLD in the U2 group (60.1%) was higher than that in the U1 group (50.5%, p < 0.05). The risk of NAFLD in the U3 group was higher than that in the U2 group (odds ratio [OR] = 3.032 and 1.473). Despite adjusting the parameters further, the NAFLD risk in the U3 group remained higher than that in the U2 group (OR = 1.660 and 2.342). Conclusion: The risk of NAFLD in patients with T2DM is closely related to CKD.

MiR-192-5p inhibits proliferation, migration, and invasion in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells by regulation of SH3RF3.

BACKGROUND: The decreased level of miR-192-5p has been reported in several kinds of cancers, including bladder, colon, ovarian, and non-small cell lung cancer. However, the expression and function of miR-192-5p in papillary thyroid carcinoma/cancer (PTC) remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to explore the function and underlying mechanism of miR-192-5p in PTC development. METHODS: PTC tissues and relative normal controls from PTC patients were collected. qRT-PCR analysis was performed to measure miR-192-5p and SH3RF3 mRNA level in PTC tissues and cell lines. CCK-8 method and FCM assay were used to test cell proliferation and apoptosis in TPC-1 cells, respectively. The abilities of cell migration and invasion were detected by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. The interaction between miR-192-5p and Src homology 3 (SH3) domain containing ring finger 3 (SH3RF3) were confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: MiR-192-5p level was obviously decreased in PTC tissues and cell lines. Overexpression of miR-192-5p suppressed proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT process, while induced apoptosis in TPC-1 cells. In addition, miR-192-5p negatively modulated SH3RF3 expression by binding to its 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). Silencing SH3RF3 inhibited the migration, invasion, and EMT of TPC-1 cells. In the meantime, matrine, an alkaloid extracted from herb, exerted its anti-cancer effects in PTC cells dependent on increase in miR-192-5p expression and decrease in SH3RF3 expression. CONCLUSION: We firstly declared that miR-192-5p played a tumor suppressive role in PTC via targeting SH3RF3. Moreover, matrine exerted its anti-cancer effects in PTC via regulating miR-192-5p/SH3RF3 pathway.

The Detection of Thyroid Nodules in Prediabetes Population and Analysis of Related Factors.

PURPOSE: To explore the detection of thyroid nodules (TN) and related influencing factors in the population of prediabetes (PreDM) in northwest China's Gansu Province. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was used to select adult Han residents in Gansu Province for investigation, and recorded the clinical data of the subjects. The χ2 test was used to analyze the difference in TN detection rate of the PreDM population. Logistic regression analyzed the risk factors of TN in the PreDM population. RESULTS: This study included 2659 people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and PreDM, of which 440 people were detected with TN. Among the PreDM population, the TN detection rate was higher than in the NGT population (24.48% vs 15.00%; P<0.05). The detection rate of TN in the impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and IFG+IGT group was also significantly higher than that in the NGT population (X2=4.117, X2=13.187, X2=13.016, all P<0.05), and of which, the IFG+IGT group was the highest (32.20%). The general trend of TN in the IFG, IGT and PreDM population all increased with age. General data showed that BMI, waist-to-height ratio, waist circumference, TG, TC, LDL-C, FPG, 2h PG, HbA1c and TSH indicators in the TN group were higher than those in the Non-TN group (P<0.05). The logistic regression suggested that the risk factors for TN in the PreDM population were female, age increase, high SP, high TSH, high FPG, high LDL-C, hypertension and family history of diabetes (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The detection rate of TN in the PreDM population is high, especially in the IFG+IGT population. Middle-aged and elderly people with hypertension and abnormal glucose and lipid metabolism should be treated reasonably and regularly, and their TN should be screened and followed up.

Matrine induces papillary thyroid cancer cell apoptosis in vitro and suppresses tumor growth in vivo by downregulating miR-182-5p.

Matrine is a natural product extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens that has been shown to be a promising alternative drug in different types of cancer. Here, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effects of matrine on human papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. Our data demonstrated the following findings. (a) The expression of miR-182-5p was significantly upregulated in PTC tissues and cell lines. (b) Matrine inhibited the expression of miR-182-5p and induced the apoptosis of TCP-1 and BCPAP cells in a dose-dependent manner. (c) Matrine increased caspase3 expression levels and reduced Bcl-2 expression levels in both TCP-1 and BCPAP cells. (d) Matrine appreciably inhibited PTC tumor growth in vivo. (e) After miR-182-5p overexpression, matrine-induced apoptosis and caspase3 activation were inhibited, and the matrine-induced decrease in Bcl-2 expression was abolished. (f) Overexpression of miR-182-5p counteracted the inhibitory effects of matrine on PTC tumor growth. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that matrine exerts antitumor effects possibly by inducing the apoptosis of TCP-1 and BCPAP cells, decreasing the level of Bcl-2, activating caspase3 and suppressing PTC tumor growth by downregulating the expression of miR-182-5p. These findings explain the anticancer mechanisms of matrine in PTC and identify miR-182-5p as an effective target of matrine in PTC treatment.

Vitamin D Status and Correlation with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in Gansu Province, China.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and blood glucose and lipid levels in people over 18 years of age in Gansu, China. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 1928 volunteers (958 males and 970 females) were selected. The prevalence of abnormal glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism in the vitamin D deficiency group (<20 ng/mL) and the non-vitamin D deficiency group (≥20 ng/mL) were compared. The correlations between serum 25(OH)D and blood glucose and lipid were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 1681 patients had 25(OH)D deficiency, with an overall prevalence of 87.2% (82.9% in males and 91.4% in females). The levels of 25(OH)D in the diabetic group and the IGT/IFG group were significantly lower than that in the normal group. The level of 25(OH)D was significantly lower in the dyslipidemia group than that in the normal group, and was significantly lower in the fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≥5.6 mmol/L group than that in the FPG <5.6 mmol/L group (p=0.002). The 25(OH)D level in the serum triglyceride (TG) ≥1.7 mmol/L group was significantly lower than that of the TG <1.7 mmol/L group (p=0.0274). The age, heart rate, TG, TC, FPG and H2PG levels in the vitamin D deficiency group were significantly higher than those in the non-vitamin D deficiency group (p<0.05). The prevalence of FPG ≥5.6 mmol/L in the vitamin D deficiency group was higher than that in the non-vitamin D deficiency group (23.5% vs 16.6%, p=0.016). Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum 25(OH)D levels were independently correlated with gender, age, FPG, TG and heart rate (ß=-0.218, -0.129, -0.075, ß=-0.103, -0.058, all p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The incidences of dyslipidemia and dysglycemia were higher in the vitamin D deficiency group. The vitamin D level was independently and negatively correlated with FPG and TC, but not with waist circumference, BMI and blood pressure.

Correlation analysis of metabolic syndrome and its components with thyroid nodules.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with the occurrence of thyroid nodules. METHODS: A total of 2719 volunteers from some areas of Gansu Province, China, who participated in the national survey of thyroid diseases and iodine nutrition status (Tide) and diabetes prevalence, were selected. Their height, weight, waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure were recorded. The fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-h plasma postprandial glucose (2hPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels were measured. The prevalence of MetS and thyroid nodules was evaluated, and the correlation between each component of MetS and thyroid nodules was studied. RESULTS: The prevalence of MetS and thyroid nodules was 15.4% and 17.2%, respectively. WC, SBP, body mass index, FPG, 2hPG, TG, TC, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were significantly higher in the thyroid nodule group. The prevalence of thyroid nodules was significantly higher in the MetS group. A positive correlation was found between the degree of metabolic disorder and the occurrence of thyroid nodules. WC was found to be a risk factor for the occurrence of thyroid nodules. For WC≥90 cm, an increase in the independent variables led to a significant rise in the incidence of thyroid nodules. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of thyroid nodules was higher in the MetS group. The WC of the MetS components might be an independent risk factor for the occurrence of thyroid nodules.

[Effects of different administration methods of hydrocortisone on blood glucose in patients with septic shock: a Meta-analysis].

OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effect of different administration methods of hydrocortisone on blood glucose in patients with septic shock. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, and VIP databases were searched from foundation to December 31st, 2017 for the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about hydrocortisone on blood glucose of different drug-deliver ways in patients with septic shock. In addition, the citation retrievals were performed by the literature references. Then the quality evaluation and data extraction was conducted by two researchers independently according to the Cochrane systematic review methods. RevMan 5.3 software was utilized to perform meta-analysis on the influences of the two different administration methods of the continuously pumping hydrocortisone group (experimental group) vs. the intermittently dripping hydrocortisone group (control group) on the mean blood glucose (MBG), largest amplitude of glycemic excursion (LAGE), glucose variability (GV), hyperglycemia time window in patients with septic shock. RESULTS: 1 203 relevant articles were preliminarily searched. Then the duplications were removed, reviews, and non-RCTs and articles evidently not accordant with the inclusion criteria were excluded by titles and abstracts. Eventually a total of 5 well-designed RCTs (404 cases) were incorporated, including 201 cases in the experimental group and 203 cases in the control group. The results of meta-analysis showed that compared with the control group, MBG was significantly decreased in the experimental group [mean difference (MD) = -0.99, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -1.53 to -0.45, P < 0.05], LAGE was decreased (MD = -5.66, 95%CI = -6.92 to -4.41, P < 0.05), GV was reduced (MD = -0.67, 95%CI = -0.82 to -0.53, P < 0.05), and hyperglycemia time window was shortened (MD = -7.68, 95%CI = -9.03 to -6.33, P < 0.05). The funnel chart revealed that there was publication bias in the MBG, hyperglycemia time window of the articles, and the publication bias was lower in the LAGE and GV. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with intermittent administration method, the continuous pumping hydrocortisone method can stabilize the blood glucose of septic shock patients, shorten the duration of hyperglycemia and reduce the peak value of blood glucose.