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Gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC) is a lethal disease characterized by genomic and clinical heterogeneity. By integrating 8 previously established genomic signatures for GAC subtypes, we identified 6 clinically and molecularly distinct genomic consensus subtypes (CGSs). CGS1 have the poorest prognosis, very high stem cell characteristics, and high IGF1 expression, but low genomic alterations. CGS2 is enriched with canonical epithelial gene expression. CGS3 and CGS4 have high copy number alterations and low immune reactivity. However, CGS3 and CGS4 differ in that CGS3 has high HER2 activation, while CGS4 has high SALL4 and KRAS activation. CGS5 has the high mutation burden and moderately high immune reactivity that are characteristic of microsatellite instable tumors. Most CGS6 tumors are positive for Epstein Barr virus and show extremely high levels of methylation and high immune reactivity. In a systematic analysis of genomic and proteomic data, we estimated the potential response rate of each consensus subtype to standard and experimental treatments such as radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Interestingly, CGS3 was significantly associated with a benefit from chemoradiation therapy owing to its high basal level of ferroptosis. In addition, we also identified potential therapeutic targets for each consensus subtype. Thus, the consensus subtypes produced a robust classification and provide for additional characterizations for subtype-based customized interventions.
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Adenocarcinoma , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Proteômica , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Genômica , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Although many studies revealed transcriptomic subtypes of HCC, concordance of the subtypes are not fully examined. We aim to examine a consensus of transcriptomic subtypes and correlate them with clinical outcomes. APPROACH AND RESULTS: By integrating 16 previously established genomic signatures for HCC subtypes, we identified five clinically and molecularly distinct consensus subtypes. STM (STeM) is characterized by high stem cell features, vascular invasion, and poor prognosis. CIN (Chromosomal INstability) has moderate stem cell features, but high genomic instability and low immune activity. IMH (IMmune High) is characterized by high immune activity. BCM (Beta-Catenin with high Male predominance) is characterized by prominent ß-catenin activation, low miRNA expression, hypomethylation, and high sensitivity to sorafenib. DLP (Differentiated and Low Proliferation) is differentiated with high hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A activity. We also developed and validated a robust predictor of consensus subtype with 100 genes and demonstrated that five subtypes were well conserved in patient-derived xenograft models and cell lines. By analyzing serum proteomic data from the same patients, we further identified potential serum biomarkers that can stratify patients into subtypes. CONCLUSIONS: Five HCC subtypes are correlated with genomic phenotypes and clinical outcomes and highly conserved in preclinical models, providing a framework for selecting the most appropriate models for preclinical studies.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , beta Catenina/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Consenso , Proteômica , Genômica , FenótipoRESUMO
Distinct gene expression patterns that occur during the adenoma-carcinoma sequence need to be determined to analyze the underlying mechanism in each step of colorectal cancer progression. Elucidation of biomarkers for colorectal polyps that harbor malignancy potential is important for prevention of colorectal cancer. Here, we use RNA sequencing to determine gene expression profile in patients with high-risk adenoma treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection by comparing with gene expression in patients with advanced colorectal cancer and normal controls. We collected 70 samples, which consisted of 27 colorectal polyps, 24 cancer tissues, and 19 normal colorectal mucosa. RNA sequencing was performed on an Illumina platform to select differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between colorectal polyps and cancer, polyps and controls, and cancer and normal controls. The Kyoto Gene and Genome Encyclopedia (KEGG) and gene ontology (GO) analysis, gene-concept network, GSEA, and a decision tree were used to evaluate the DEGs. We selected the most highly expressed genes in high-risk polyps and validated their expression using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Compared to patients with colorectal cancer, 82 upregulated and 24 downregulated genes were detected in high-risk adenoma. In comparison with normal controls, 33 upregulated and 79 downregulated genes were found in high-risk adenoma. In total, six genes were retrieved as the highest and second highest expressed in advanced polyps and cancers among the three groups. Among the six genes, ANAX3 and CD44 expression in real-time PCR for validation was in good accordance with RNA sequencing. We identified differential expression of mRNAs among high-risk adenoma, advanced colorectal cancer, and normal controls, including that of CD44 and ANXA3, suggesting that this cluster of genes as a marker of high-risk colorectal adenoma.
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Adenoma , Pólipos do Colo , Neoplasias Colorretais , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Adenoma/genética , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Pólipos do Colo/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , RNA Mensageiro , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise de Sequência de RNARESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Cirrhosis primes the liver for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development. However, biomarkers that predict HCC in cirrhosis patients are lacking. Thus, we aimed to identify a biomarker directly from protein analysis and relate it with transcriptomic data to validate in larger cohorts. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty-six patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC that arose from cirrhotic liver were enrolled. Reverse-phase protein array and microarray data of these patients were analyzed. Clinical validation was performed in two independent cohorts and functional validation using cell and tissue microarray (TMA). RESULTS: Systematic analysis performed after selecting 20 proteins from 201 proteins with AUROC >70 effectively categorized patients into high (nâ¯=â¯20) or low (nâ¯=â¯26) risk HCC groups. Proteome-derived late recurrence (PDLR)-gene signature comprising 298 genes that significantly differed between high and low risk groups predicted HCC well in a cohort of 216 cirrhosis patients and also de novo HCC recurrence in a cohort of 259 patients who underwent hepatectomy. Among 20 proteins that were selected for analysis, caveolin-1 (CAV1) was the most dominant protein that categorized the patients into high and low risk groups (Pâ¯<â¯.001). In a multivariate analysis, compared with other clinical variables, the PDLR-gene signature remained as a significant predictor of HCC (HR 1.904, Pâ¯=â¯.01). In vitro experiments revealed that compared with mock-transduced immortalized liver cells, CAV1-transduced cells showed significantly increased proliferation (Pâ¯<â¯.001) and colony formation in soft agar (Pâ¯<â¯.033). TMA with immunohistochemistry showed that tissues with CAV1 expression were more likely to develop HCC than tissues without CAV1 expression (Pâ¯=â¯.047). CONCLUSION: CAV1 expression predicts HCC development, making it a potential biomarker and target for preventive therapy.
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Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Caveolina 1/metabolismo , Proliferação de Células , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Caveolina 1/genética , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/etiologia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Análise Serial de Proteínas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
In this paper, the effect of time synchronization error on protection algorithms are studied for the usage of the LAN-based collaborative protection. In order to derive the effect of time synchronization, this paper proposes a substation model which is constructed with IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP) supported intelligent electronic devices. The proposed model is used as an example of a target platform to study the effect of time synchronization error with two typical substation protection algorithms, i.e., current differential-based substation protection and distance protection algorithms. From the analyzed and the simulated results, it was well observed that time synchronization error is a significant error-causing factor for both protection algorithms, resulting in erroneous detection of faults and erroneous estimation of fault distances, respectively. The results of research performed in this paper are expected to provide a good guide for constructing the future LAN-based digital power substation with precise time synchronization.
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In this paper, an improved time-synchronization algorithm is proposed. The improvement of time synchronizing performance was achieved by introducing a stochastic model-based direct compensation of the disturbance effects appearing in the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP)-based time synchronization system. A dynamic model of PTP clock system was obtained by reflecting the three major sources of disturbances, i.e., clock frequency drift, clock rate offset, and network noise. With the application of the dynamic model of the PTP clock system, the effects of the disturbances can be effectively eliminated in the PTP time synchronization control loop. Computer simulations are performed to verify the performance of the proposed time synchronization algorithm by applying the various types of disturbances, including network noise and clock drift. The simulation results are compared with those of other representative time synchronization algorithms, i.e., IEEE 1588 PTP algorithm and Kalman-filter-based algorithm. It is shown that the proposed algorithm improves time synchronizing performance up to 84% with respect to that of the Kalman-filter-based synchronization algorithm when simulated with colored noise type disturbances. The proposed time synchronization algorithm is expected to contribute for the realization of future Ethernet-based industry-plant monitoring and control including IEC 61850-based digital substation.
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Surgery is a demanding and stressful field in Korea. Occupational stress can adversely affect the quality of care, decrease job satisfaction, and potentially increase medical errors. The aim of this study was to investigate the occupational stress and career satisfaction of Korean surgeons. We have conducted an electronic survey of 621 Korean surgeons for the occupational stress. Sixty-five questions were used to assess practical and personal characteristics and occupational stress using the Korean occupational stress scale (KOSS). The mean KOSS score was 49.31, which was higher than the average of Korean occupational stress (45.86) or that of other specialized professions (46.03). Young age, female gender, long working hours, and frequent night duties were significantly related to the higher KOSS score. Having spouse, having hobby and regular exercise decreased the KOSS score. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that long working hours and regular exercise were the independent factors associated with the KOSS score. Less than 50% of surgeons answered that they would become a surgeon again. Most surgeons (82.5%) did not want to recommend their child follow their career. Korean Surgeons have high occupational stress and low level of career satisfaction.
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Esgotamento Profissional/psicologia , Satisfação no Emprego , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Cirurgiões/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , República da Coreia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a significant challenge in healthcare. While there are considerable researches dedicated to AKI patients, a crucial factor in their renal function recovery, is often overlooked. Thus, our study aims to address this issue through the development of a machine learning model to predict restoration of kidney function in patients with AKI. METHODS: Our study encompassed data from 350,345 cases, derived from three hospitals. AKI was classified in accordance with the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes. Criteria for recovery were established as either a 33% decrease in serum creatinine levels at AKI onset, which was initially employed for the diagnosis of AKI. We employed various machine learning models, selecting 43 pertinent features for analysis. RESULTS: Our analysis contained 7,041 and 2,929 patients' data from internal cohort and external cohort respectively. The Categorical Boosting Model demonstrated significant predictive accuracy, as evidenced by an internal area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) of 0.7860, and an external AUROC score of 0.7316, thereby confirming its robustness in predictive performance. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values were employed to explain key factors impacting recovery of renal function in AKI patients. CONCLUSION: This study presented a machine learning approach for predicting renal function recovery in patients with AKI. The model performance was assessed across distinct hospital settings, which revealed its efficacy. Although the model exhibited favorable outcomes, the necessity for further enhancements and the incorporation of more diverse datasets is imperative for its application in real- world.
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Purpose: We investigated the current practices and perceptions of colorectal surgeons in South Korea regarding intracorporeal ileocolic anastomosis (IIA) in minimally invasive right hemicolectomy (RHC). Methods: Members of the Korean Society of Coloproctology (KSCP) participated in an online survey encompassing demographic information, surgical experiences, methods for IIA, and advantages, barriers, and perceptions of IIA. We performed a statistical analysis of survey results. Results: Among the 1,074 KSCP members contacted, 178 responded to the survey. Most respondents were males aged 40-49 years with >10 years of experience who were affiliated with a tertiary healthcare facility. One hundred fifty-six respondents had performed <100 colorectal cancer surgeries annually. Fifty-nine respondents reported experiences of the IIA technique in minimally invasive RHC. Most respondents favored the isoperistaltic side-to-side (S-S) anastomosis and stapled S-S anastomosis, hand-sewn closure for the common channel, and the periumbilical area for primary specimen extraction. Respondents with IIA experience emphasized the reduction in postoperative complications as the primary reason for performing IIA, whereas respondents without IIA experience cited the lack of benefits as the main deterrent. Respondents commonly cited concerns regarding anastomotic leakage and intraabdominal contamination as the primary reasons for not performing IIA. Respondents with IIA experience demonstrated a more positive response towards attempting or transitioning to IIA than those without. Respondents with IIA experience prioritized self-sufficiency, whereas respondents without IIA experience prioritized proctorship and discussions of the initial cases. Conclusion: Measures to standardize the IIA technique and appropriate training programs must be implemented to enhance its use in minimally invasive RHC.
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Daunorubicin, also known as daunomycin, is a DNAtargeting anticancer drug that is used as chemotherapy, mainly for patients with leukemia. It has also been shown to have anticancer effects in monotherapy or combination therapy in solid tumors, but at present it has not been adequately studied in colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, from a screening using an FDAapproved drug library, it was found that daunorubicin suppresses GLIdependent luciferase reporter activity. Daunorubicin also increased p53 levels, which contributed to both GLI1 suppression and apoptosis. The current detailed investigation showed that daunorubicin promoted the ßTrCPmediated ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of GLI1. Moreover, a competition experiment using BODIPYcyclopamine, a wellknown Smo inhibitor, suggested that daunorubicin does not bind to Smo in HCT116 cells. Administration of daunorubicin (2 mg/kg, ip, qod, 15 days) into HCT116 xenograft mice profoundly suppressed tumor progress and the GLI1 level in tumor tissues. Taken together, the present results revealed that daunorubicin suppresses canonical Hedgehog pathways in CRC. Ultimately, the present study discloses a new mechanism of daunorubicin's anticancer effect and might provide a rationale for expanding the clinical application of daunorubicin.
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Apoptose , Neoplasias Colorretais , Daunorrubicina , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Daunorrubicina/farmacologia , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Células HCT116 , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor Smoothened/metabolismo , Ubiquitinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/metabolismo , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/genéticaRESUMO
Introduction: Combination immunotherapy, exemplified by atezolizumab plus bevacizumab, has become the standard of care for inoperable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the lack of predictive biomarkers and limited understanding of response mechanisms remain a challenge. Methods: Using data from the IMbrave150plus cohort, we applied an immune signature score (ISS) predictor to stratify HCC patients treated with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab or with sorafenib alone into potential high and low response groups. By applying multiple statistical approaches including a Bayesian covariate prediction algorithm, we refined the signature to 10 key genes (ISS10) for clinical use while maintaining similar predictive power to the full model. We further validated ISS10 in an independent HCC cohort treated with nivolumab plus ipilimumab. Results: The study identified a significant association between the ISS and treatment response. Among patients classified as high responders, those treated with the atezolizumab plus bevacizumab combination exhibited improved overall and progression-free survival as well as better objective response rate compared to those treated with sorafenib. We also observed a significant correlation between ISS10 and response to nivolumab plus ipilimumab treatment. Analysis of immune cell subpopulations revealed distinct characteristics associated with ISS subtypes. In particular, the ISS10 high subtype displayed a more favorable immune environment with higher proportions of anti-tumor macrophages and activated T-cells, potentially explaining its better response. Conclusions: Our study suggests that ISS and ISS10 are promising predictive biomarkers for enhanced therapeutic outcomes in HCC patients undergoing combination immunotherapy. These markers are crucial for refining patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches to advance the effectiveness of standard-of-care regimens.
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BACKGROUND: The involvement of resection margins after rectal cancer surgery by malignant tumors is a negative prognostic factor. Therefore, it is important to analyze treatment outcomes and establish adjuvant therapy. METHODS: The Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service collects data from medical institutions in South Korea. We reviewed the database of this prospectively collected cohort for patients who underwent curative resection for rectal cancer. RESULTS: Of the 5,620 patients, 113 (2.0%) were diagnosed with resection margin involvement after surgery. The resection margins of patients with mid-rectal cancer, pathologic stage III, mucinous/signet ring cell carcinoma, and undergoing emergency surgery were more frequently involved. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was a significant preventive factor for resection margin involvement (odds ratio = 0.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.87; p = 0.012). The OS of patients with adjuvant treatment was better than that of patients without adjuvant treatment (5-year overall survival [OS]: 62.8% vs. 46.3%, p = 0.02). The administration of chemoradiotherapy was also significantly associated with better OS (hazard ratio = 0.36; 95% CI, 0.17-0.77; p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: Efforts to acquire wider resection margins are necessary for patients with mid-rectal cancer, pathologic stage III, mucinous/signet ring cell carcinoma, and emergency surgery. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was a significant preventive factor for involved resection margin. Patients with resection margin involvement showed better OS after adjuvant treatment than those without adjuvant treatment. The adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was helpful to prevent the worse prognosis of these patients.
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Carcinoma de Células em Anel de Sinete , Neoplasias Retais , Quimiorradioterapia Adjuvante , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Margens de Excisão , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has been accepted as a standard treatment for stage II-III rectal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal cancer and effects on overall survival (OS) of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in South Korea. METHODS: Patients who underwent curative resection for rectal cancer from 2014 to 2016 were retrospectively reviewed from the database of the National Quality Assessment program in South Korea. Patients were categorized into the upfront surgery group and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group. We evaluated factors associated with the administration of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and its effects on OS. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was performed to account for baseline differences between subgroups. RESULTS: A total of 6,141 patients were categorized into the upfront surgery group (n = 4,237) and neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group (n = 1,904). The neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was more frequently administered to male, midrectal cancer, and younger patients. In the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group, old age, underweight, and pathologic stage were significant risk factors of OS, and male sex, the level of tumor and clinical stages were not associated with OS. After adjustment, the OS of the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy group followed the OS of the upfront surgery group of the same pathologic stage. CONCLUSION: Male sex and the level of tumor were not related to the OS of rectal cancer patients with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. The OS of patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was decided by their pathologic stages regardless of clinical stages.
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A microsatellite instability (MSI) test is crucial for screening for HNPCC (Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer; Lynch syndrome) and optimization of colorectal cancer (CRC) treatment. Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is a predictor for good response of immune checkpoint inhibitors in various malignancies. In this study, we evaluated the results of a newly developed plasma-based real-time PCR kit for the detection of MSI in CRC patients. We assessed a peptide nucleotide acid (PNA) probe-mediated real-time PCR test (U-TOP MSI Detection Kit Plus) that determines MSI status by using amplicon melting analysis of five markers (NR21, NR24, NR27, BAT25, and BAT26) from plasma. Eighty-four CRC patients (46 dMMR and 38 pMMR) with colorectal cancer were analyzed. The concordance rate of MSI status assessment between the plasma kit and IHC was 63.0% in dMMR patients (29/46), but in the pMMR evaluation, a 100% (38/38) concordance rate was observed. In the evaluation of the performance of a custom tissue U-TOP MSI Detection Kit and plasma kit in 28 patients, sensitivity, specificity, PPV (positive predictive value) and NPV (negative predictive value) of plasma kit were 68.4, 100, 100, and 44.4%, respectively, with the tissue U-TOP MSI Detection Kit. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of a non-invasive and rapid plasma-based real-time PCR kit (U-TOP MSI Detection Kit Plus) for the detection of MSI in colorectal cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Resectability of liver metastasis is important to establish a treatment strategy for patients with colorectal cancer. We aimed to evaluate the effect of the distance from metastasis to the centre of the liver on surgical outcomes and survival after hepatectomy. METHODS: The clinical data of a total of 155 patients who underwent hepatectomy for colorectal cancer with liver metastasis were retrospectively reviewed. We measured the minimal length from metastasis to the bifurcation of the portal vein at the primary branch of the Glissonean tree and defined it as 'centrality'. The postoperative outcomes and survival among the patients were then analysed. RESULTS: Anatomic resections were more frequently performed, and the operative time was longer in the patients with high centrality (≤1.5 cm) than in the patients with low centrality (>1.5 cm). A size of ≥5 cm for the largest lesion, a number of lesions of ≥3 and centrality of ≤1.5 cm were found to be the independent risk factors of a positive resection margin after hepatectomy. The patients with high centrality showed worse recurrence-free survival than those with low centrality; however, there was no significant difference found in the overall survival. In the multivariate analysis, high centrality was not found to be associated with worse recurrence-free and overall survival. CONCLUSION: Centrality significantly affected the surgical outcomes and treatment strategy for liver metastasis but did not influence the survival of the patients with colorectal cancer. Active efforts through surgical resections are important to treat liver metastasis of high centrality.
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Neoplasias Colorretais , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Hepatectomia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: D3 lymph node dissection is becoming the standard procedure for the treatment of advanced right colon cancer and has shown increasing evidence of its oncologic benefit. However, a clear indication for its application is lacking and data on this topic is unsatisfactory. Thus, the necessity for D3 lymph node dissection in clinical stage I right colon cancer remains controversial. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from clinical stage I right colon cancer patients who underwent radical surgery at three hospitals of Korea university medical center between January 2015 and June 2018. We compared surgical complications and short-term oncologic outcomes between D2 and D3 lymph node dissections in these patients. RESULTS: Among 512 patients, 122 (23.8%) were clinical stage I. Of these, 88 and 34 patients received D2 and D3 lymph node dissection, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in clinicopathologic variables and surgical outcomes between the two groups. Upstaging occurred in 16 patients (47.1%) in the D3 group and 23 patients (26.1%) in the D2 group. There were four recurrences in the D2 group but no recurrence in the D3 group. Log-rank tests showed no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival rates between the two groups (p = 0.210). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in disease-free survival rates between D2 and D3 lymph node dissection in clinical stage I right colon cancer patients. However, recurrence occurred in the D2 group. Efforts to improve the accuracy of clinical staging are required and more studies with better quality are needed.
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Neoplasias do Colo , Laparoscopia , Neoplasias do Colo/cirurgia , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/epidemiologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
AT-rich interactive domain 1A (ARID1A) is one of the most frequently mutated genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its clinical significance is not clarified. We aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of low ARID1A expression in HCC. By analyzing the gene expression data of liver from Arid1a-knockout mice, hepatic Arid1a-specific gene expression signature was identified (p < 0.05 and 0.5-fold difference). From this signature, a prediction model was developed to identify tissues lacking Arid1a activity and was applied to gene expression data from three independent cohorts of HCC patients to stratify patients according to ARID1A activity. The molecular features associated with loss of ARID1A were analyzed using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) multi-platform data, and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was done to uncover potential signaling pathways associated with ARID1A loss. ARID1A inactivation was clinically associated with poor prognosis in all three independent cohorts and was consistently related to poor prognosis subtypes of previously reported gene signatures (highly proliferative, hepatic stem cell, silence of Hippo pathway, and high recurrence signatures). Immune activity, indicated by significantly lower IFNG6 and cytolytic activity scores and enrichment of regulatory T-cell composition, was lower in the ARID1A-low subtype than ARID1A-high subtype. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed that direct upstream transcription regulators of the ARID1A signature were genes associated with cell cycle, including E2F group, CCND1, and MYC, while tumor suppressors such as TP53, SMAD3, and CTNNB1 were significantly inhibited. ARID1A plays an important role in immune activity and regulating multiple genes involved in HCC development. Low-ARID1A subtype was associated with poor clinical outcome and suggests the possibility of ARID1A as a prognostic biomarker in HCC patients.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/biossíntese , Neoplasias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Animais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/genética , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Feminino , Genômica , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/genética , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Prognóstico , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to identify predictive factors for the recurrence of colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM) and then to develop a corresponding novel scoring system that should improve the sensitivity of predicting recurrence in patients with CRLM. METHODS: A total of 295 consecutive CRLM patients were enrolled in our institution between January 2002 and December 2015. Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the variables associated with disease recurrence and established the novel scoring system based on it. RESULTS: The scoring system considered seven variables: synchronosity, CA19-9 level, number of liver metastasis, largest size of liver metastasis, resection margin of hepatic lesion, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and prognostic nutritional index. The area under the curve of ROC was 0.824 (95% confidence interval 0.767-0.882); the sensitivity of our scoring system was 87.9%, specificity was 66.7%, positive predictive value was 20.6%, and negative predictive value was 20.9%. CONCLUSION: For patients with CRLM undergoing curative hepatic resection, our novel scoring system would improve the sensitivity for prediction of disease recurrence in Case of CRLM patients.
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Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Técnicas de Diagnóstico do Sistema Digestório , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antígeno CA-19-9 , Progressão da Doença , Feminino , Hepatectomia , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirurgia , Linfócitos , Masculino , Margens de Excisão , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neutrófilos , Avaliação Nutricional , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Curva ROC , Sensibilidade e EspecificidadeRESUMO
A major problem of colorectal cancer (CRC) targeted therapies is relapse caused by drug resistance. In most cases of CRC, patients develop resistance to anticancer drugs. Cetuximab does not show many of the side effects of other anticancer drugs and improves the survival of patients with metastatic CRC. However, the molecular mechanism of cetuximab resistance is not fully understood. Methods: EPHB3-mediated cetuximab resistance was confirmed by in vitro western blotting, colony-forming assays, WST-1 colorimetric assay, and in vivo xenograft models (n = 7 per group). RNA-seq analysis and receptor tyrosine kinase assays were performed to identify the cetuximab resistance mechanism of EPHB3. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: The expression of EFNB3, which upregulates the EPHB3 receptor, was shown to be increased via microarray analysis. When resistance to cetuximab was acquired, EPHB3 protein levels increased. Hedgehog signaling, cancer stemness, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition signaling proteins were also increased in the cetuximab-resistant human colon cancer cell line SW48R. Despite cells acquiring resistance to cetuximab, STAT3 was still responsive to EGF and cetuximab treatment. Moreover, inhibition of EPHB3 was associated with decreased STAT3 activity. Co-immunoprecipitation confirmed that EGFR and EPHB3 bind to each other and this binding increases upon resistance acquisition, suggesting that STAT3 is activated by the binding between EGFR and EPHB3. Protein levels of GLI-1, SOX2, and Vimentin, which are affected by STAT3, also increased. Similar results were obtained in samples from patients with CRC. Conclusion: EPHB3 expression is associated with anticancer drug resistance.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Proteínas Hedgehog/metabolismo , Receptor EphB3/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Cetuximab/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Receptores ErbB/genética , Receptores ErbB/metabolismo , Feminino , Células HCT116 , Células HT29 , Proteínas Hedgehog/genética , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos Nus , Receptor EphB3/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/genética , Fatores de Transcrição SOXB1/metabolismo , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/genética , Fator de Transcrição STAT3/metabolismo , Vimentina/genética , Vimentina/metabolismo , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/genética , Proteína GLI1 em Dedos de Zinco/metabolismoRESUMO
Oxaliplatin is an anticancer drug administered to colorectal cancer (CRC) patients in combination with 5-fluorouracil and antibodies (bevacizumab and cetuximab), thereby significantly improving the survival rate of CRC. However, due to various side effects associated with the above treatment strategy, the need for combinatorial therapeutic strategies has emerged. Based on the demand for new combinatorial therapies and the known antitumor effects of the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), we investigated the Oxaliplatin and DHA combination for its effect. Our results indicated that DHA further enhanced Oxaliplatin-induced cell viability and autophagic cell death, in vitro and in vivo. Oxaliplatin and DHA also increased the expression of Sestrin 2 (SESN2) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP). Additionally, treatment with Oxaliplatin and DHA enhanced the binding of CHOP to the promotor region of SESN2, increasing SESN2 expression. These results suggested that DHA enhanced Oxaliplatin-induced reduction in cell viability and increase in autophagy via activating SESN2 and increasing ER stress. Thus, SESN2 may be an effective preclinical target for CRC treatment.