RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc) is associated with very poor overall survival because 70% of patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Micrornas (mirnas) are a class of short, noncoding rna molecules whose presence in samples of biologic fluids such as sputum has demonstrated promise as a potential means of detecting nsclc. We investigated the stage-specific nsclc detection potential of an efficient panel of 3 mirnas (mir-21, mir-210, mir-372) using a single sputum sample. METHODS: A single spontaneously expectorated sputum sample was prospectively collected from 21 early nsclc (≤stage ii) patients, 22 advanced nsclc (≥stage iii) patients, and 10 control subjects. Mirna expression profiles were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and were analyzed by unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. RESULTS: Mean tumour size (±95% confidence interval) in the early and advanced nsclc patients was 3.3 cm ± 0.9 cm and 4.8 cm ± 0.7 cm respectively. Adenocarcinoma constituted 61.9% of the early and 45.5% of the advanced nsclc cases respectively. In comparing the early nsclc group with the control group, the mirna panel yielded a diagnostic sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 90.0%. For the advanced nsclc group, the mirna panel detected nsclc with a sensitivity and specificity of 64% and 100% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A sputum mir-21, mir-210, and mir-372 expression profile might provide a sensitive and highly specific means for detecting nsclc. Sputum mirna analysis demonstrates promise as a potential complementary screening tool.
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The accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is operator-dependent. According to learning curve study, the accuracy of EUS T-staging for esophageal cancer has been reported to be greater in an investigator who had performed at least 100 EUS examinations. We determined comparative study regarding T-staging accuracy of EUS for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma between expert and nonexpert endoscopic ultrasonographers. We retrospectively identified 73 consecutive patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who underwent EUS and endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, or surgery. EUS was performed by expert (Group 1) and nonexpert (Group 2) endoscopic ultrasonographers in multitertiary hospitals. Groups 1 and 2 were 37 and 36 patients during 2005-2011, respectively. Forty-two patients (57.5%) of the overall patients underwent surgical exploration. Correct endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging of Group 1 was observed in 34 (91.9%) patients, while that of Group 2 was observed in 26 (72.2%) patients. And there was significant difference in correct endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging between Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.035). The incorrect endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging of Group 1 were three cases that were overstaging (8.1%), but in Group 2 there were seven overstaging (19.4%) and three understaging (8.3%). There was no significant difference in overstaging or understaging of incorrect endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging between Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.528). This study first provides evidence that endoscopic ultrasonographic T-staging of nonexpert endoscopic ultrasonographers was inferior to be correct, compared with that of expert endoscopic ultrasonographers. EUS staging for esophageal cancer should be performed by expert endoscopic ultrasonographers to provide appropriate management strategy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico por imagem , Competência Clínica/estatística & dados numéricos , Erros de Diagnóstico/estatística & dados numéricos , Endossonografia/normas , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Endossonografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/patologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do Esôfago , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , República da Coreia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Rock bream iridovirus (RBIV) causes huge losses, especially in rock bream Oplegnathus fasciatus. Rock bream injected with RBIV and held at 29, 26, 23 or 20 °C had 100% mortality. Conversely, all infected fish held at 17 °C survived even after the temperature was progressively increased to 26 °C at 100 dpi. Rock bream exposed to virus and held for 2, 4 and 7 days at 23/26 °C before the temperature was reduced to 17 °C had mortality rates of 26.6/73.2%, 66.6/100% and 93.4/100%, respectively, through 100 dpi. When surviving fish had the water temperature increased from 17 to 26 °C at 100 dpi, they did not exhibit signs of disease and had low virus copy numbers (below 10(3)). To investigate the development of a protective immune, rock bream were infected with RBIV and held at 23 °C before shifting the water temperature to 17 °C at 4 dpi. All injected fish survived until 120 dpi. While 100% of the previously unexposed fish died, 80.2% of the previously infected fish survived. When the survivors were rechallenged again at 160 dpi, no further mortality occurred. The high survival rate of fish following rechallenge with RBIV indicates that protective immunity was established in the surviving rock bream.
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Resistência à Doença/imunologia , Doenças dos Peixes/imunologia , Perciformes/imunologia , Temperatura , Animais , Doenças dos Peixes/mortalidade , Doenças dos Peixes/virologia , Iridoviridae/imunologia , Perciformes/virologia , Baço/virologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
Coronary artery disease (CAD), a multifactorial disease, is a common cause of mortality in humans. Polymorphisms in the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene (-786T>C, 4a4b, and 894G>T) have been previously associated with increased CAD risk. However, the sample size of this previous study was too small and limited to comprehensively define an association between eNOS polymorphisms and CAD; therefore, this analysis was duplicated with a larger population. The study was conducted on 559 patients with CAD and 574 healthy controls. Genetic DNA was extracted using the commercial G-DEX blood extraction kit and statistical analyses were performed on the GraphPad prism 4.0 and MedCalc 12.0 statistical software platforms. No single variant of the eNOS polymorphism was associated with CAD risk. The combination genotypes of eNOS -786TT/4a4b+4a4a [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.122; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.042-0.358] and eNOS -786TC+CC/4b4b (AOR = 0.379; 95%CI: 0.147-0.979) were associated with decreased CAD incidence. Haplotype analysis revealed that the T-4a haplotype of eNOS -786T>C and 4a4b exerted a protective effect against CAD. The association between eNOS -786T>C and increased CAD risk was not replicated in this (larger) population. However, some combined genotypes showed a meaningful association with CAD risk.
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Povo Asiático/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo III/genética , Polimorfismo Genético , Idoso , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Comorbidade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Homocisteína/sangue , Humanos , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , República da Coreia/epidemiologia , Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The effects of geometrical characteristics such as surface area (SA) and porosity of TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNAs) on its photocatalytic activity were investigated by applying variable voltages and reaction times for the anodization of Ti substrates. While larger SA of nanotubes was observed under higher applied potential, the porosity of TNAs decreased by increasing anodizing voltage. Under applied potential of 80 V, the SA of TNAs increased from 0.164 to 0.471 m2/g as anodization time increased from 1 to 5 hours, respectively. However, no significant effect on the porosity of TNAs was observed. On the other hand, both SA and porosity of TNAs, synthesized at 60 V, increased by augmenting the anodization time from 1 to 3 hours. But further increasing of anodization time to 5 hours resulted in a decreased SA of TNAs with no effect on their porosity. Accordingly, the TNAs with SA of 0.368 m2/g and porosity of 47% showed the highest photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-chlorobenzoic acid (4CBA). Finally, the degradation of refractory model compounds such as carbamazepine and bisphenol-A was tested and more than 50% of both compounds could be degraded under UV-A irradiation (λmax=365 nm).
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Clorobenzoatos/química , Nanotubos/química , Fotólise , Titânio/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/química , Porosidade , Águas Residuárias/químicaRESUMO
The utility of high-resolution impedance manometry (HRIM) for evaluating oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) has been investigated. These approaches are limited because of the sophisticated methodology. A method of transforming HRIM into a simple and useful diagnostic tool for evaluating OPD is needed. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and HRIM were performed by independent blinded examiners in 26 consecutive healthy volunteers (12 men; median age, 56.5 years) and 10 OPD patients (five men; median age, 59.5 years). Upper esophageal sphincter (UES) relaxation parameters were measured using a standard HRIM protocol. Peristalsis and bolus transit of the pharyngoesophageal (PE) segment were assessed using an HRIM-modified protocol in which the catheter was pulled back 10 cm. PE bolus transits were evaluated with an impedance contour pattern (linear vs. stasis) method. A significant difference was observed between the manometric measures of healthy volunteers and OPD patients for only the duration of pharyngeal contraction (0.49 ± 0.19 vs. 0.76 ± 0.33 s, P = 0.04). The percentage agreement and kappa value for detecting pharyngeal residue between the VFSS and the impedance analysis were 100% and 1.00, respectively. HRIM allowed for comprehensive assessment of abnormal pharyngeal components that caused pharyngeal residue on VFSS in two patients; reduced base of the tongue versus weak pharyngeal contraction in one, and reduced relaxation of the UES versus reduced laryngeal elevation in the remaining patient. Our findings demonstrated that HRIM using a simple methodology (i.e., pull-back of the catheter) detected pharyngeal residue through a simple analysis of the impedance contour pattern (linear vs. stasis). Furthermore, HRIM facilitated a comprehensive assessment of OPD mechanisms and recognition of subtle abnormalities not yet visible to the naked eye on VFSS.
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Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico , Transtornos de Deglutição/fisiopatologia , Manometria/métodos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Deglutição , Transtornos de Deglutição/diagnóstico por imagem , Esfíncter Esofágico Superior/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Fluoroscopia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peristaltismo , Pletismografia de Impedância , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Método Simples-Cego , Gravação em VídeoRESUMO
Carbon nanomaterials have been proposed as a basis for developing new technologies for photocatalytic oxidation and disinfection, improved membrane processes, adsorbents, and biofilm-resistant surfaces. This study details recent progress towards the development of these proposed applications. We explored the use of carbon nanomaterials such as fullerene C60, single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for a range of new technologies including, degradation of a probe organic compound by in situ generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), new strategies for microbial disinfection, and the inhibition of biofilm development on membrane surfaces. The results show that the degradation of 2-chlorophenol by ROS produced microbial inactivation, and the mobility of the nanoparticle aggregates of the carbon nanomaterials all increased as suspensions were fractionated to enrich with smaller aggregates with sonication followed by successive membrane filtration.
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Fulerenos , Purificação da Água/métodos , Clorofenóis/química , Clorofenóis/efeitos da radiação , Meio Ambiente , Escherichia coli K12/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli K12/fisiologia , Escherichia coli K12/efeitos da radiação , Fulerenos/química , Fulerenos/farmacologia , Membranas Artificiais , Nanoestruturas , Dióxido de Silício/química , Oxigênio Singlete/química , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Minimally invasive treatment has become a mainstay management strategy for early gastric cancer (EGC). Full-thickness incision of the gastric wall using natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has been reported but is not easily applicable in clinical settings at present. The aim of the current study was to assess the feasibility of hybrid NOTES, which consists of endoscopic full-thickness gastric resection and a laparoscopic lymphadenectomy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a prospective, pilot study at a single tertiary care referral center. A total of 14 patients with EGC located above the lower third of the stomach underwent hybrid NOTES. Clinically, the patients had contraindications to exclusive treatment using endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The main outcome measure was technical success of hybrid NOTES. RESULTS: All cases were resected en bloc with negative surgical margins. Histologically, four cases were mucosal cancers, and 10 cases were submucosal cancers. The median tumor size was 26 mm (range 12 - 90 mm). Lymphatic vessel invasion was found in four cases without lymph node metastasis (LNM). The median number of obtained lymph nodes was 18 (range 7 - 67). LNM was discovered in one case of undifferentiated submucosal cancer without lymphovascular invasion. Hybrid NOTES was conducted without intraoperative or postoperative adverse events in nine cases. The median operating time and estimated blood loss of successful cases were 143 minutes (range 110 - 253 minutes) and 16 mL (range 5 - 30 mL), respectively. The median hospital stay was 6 days (range 4 - 10 days). Five cases were converted to a subtotal gastrectomy for various reasons. CONCLUSIONS: Hybrid NOTES could be a bridge between endoscopic resection and laparoscopic surgery and may prevent extensive gastrectomy in patients with EGC.
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Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Laparoscopia , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Cirurgia Endoscópica por Orifício Natural/métodos , Neoplasias Gástricas/cirurgia , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Estudos Prospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/patologia , Estudos de Tempo e Movimento , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Rectal carcinoids are low-grade malignancies that are usually treated by endoscopic resection. However, on pathologic examination, resection margins that are positive for carcinoid cells are frequently found. Patient outcomes were reviewed after endoscopic resection of rectal carcinoids and the clinical significance of possible residual disease, as defined by pathologic and endoscopic examination, was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The medical records and endoscopic findings of 347 patients presenting with rectal carcinoids to 14 university hospitals in Korea between January 1999 and June 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 304 patients were treated with endoscopic resection, and 43 patents were treated with surgery. In the endoscopic resection group, the complete resection rate was 88.2% based on endoscopic appearance (CR-E) and 60.2% based on pathologic evaluation (CR-P). The agreement between CR-E and CR-P was low (κ=0.192). No residual tumors were found in 77 of 85 patients (90.6%) who were CR-E but not CR-P and who had endoscopic biopsy taken at 24-month follow-up. The receiver-operating characteristic curve identified an optimal cut-off value of 10.5 mm, at which the sensitivity and the specificity for metastasis were 100% and 89%, respectively. The risk factors for metastasis by multivariate analysis were tumor size, increased mitotic rate, and lymphovascular invasion. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic resection is a safe and effective modality for treating well-differentiated rectal carcinoids smaller than 10 mm in diameter. Discrepancies were observed between CR-E and CR-P. The risk factors for metastasis were tumor size, increased mitotic rate, and lymphovascular invasion.
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Tumor Carcinoide/patologia , Tumor Carcinoide/cirurgia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/cirurgia , Neoplasias Retais/patologia , Neoplasias Retais/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Vasos Sanguíneos/patologia , Tumor Carcinoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Colonoscopia , Tomada de Decisões , Endossonografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Metástase Linfática , Vasos Linfáticos/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Índice Mitótico , Invasividade Neoplásica , Metástase Neoplásica , Neoplasia Residual , Curva ROC , Neoplasias Retais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Retais/secundário , Reoperação , Estudos Retrospectivos , Carga Tumoral , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Paratubal borderline tumors (PBTs) are found incidentally at frozen section or permanant pathology, and are extremely rare. We describe the first case of a paratubal borderline mucinous tumor (PBMT). CASE REPORT: A 20-year-old woman was referred with a complex right adnexal mass on pelvic sonogram. She underwent laparoscopic paratubal cyst enucleation. We used an endobag for cyst extraction. Cyst rupture or tearing of the endobag in the laparoscopic field was absent. Frozen section analysis was reported as a borderline mucinous tumor of low malignant potential. Currently, she has had no evidence of disease recurrence after a laparoscopic fertility-sparing staging procedure. CONCLUSION: A proper preoperative differential diagnosis of an adnexal mass is difficult. Thus, laparoscopy is needed in large or symptomatic cysts. Although growth, torsion and malignancy are rare in paratubal cysts, the possibility of tumor seeding should be excluded with use of an endobag.
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Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patologia , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Cisto Parovariano/patologia , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/cirurgia , Neoplasias das Tubas Uterinas/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Cisto Parovariano/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Adenomyoma is a benign tumor composed of smooth muscle and benign endometrium. These tumors typically originate within the uterus. An extrauterine adenomyoma is an extremely rare entity. After an extensive literature search, only four cases of primary ovarian adenomyoma appear to have thus far been reported. Here, we report a case of ovarian adenomyoma in a 39-year-old woman mimicking malignant neoplasma of the ovary, along with a brief literature review.
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Adenomioma/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologia , Adenomioma/diagnóstico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Ovarianas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Background: Despite level 1 evidence demonstrating the equivalence of single-fraction radiotherapy (sfrt) and multiple-fraction radiotherapy (mfrt) for the palliation of painful bone metastases, sfrt remains underused. In 2015, to encourage the sustainable use of palliative radiation oncology resources, CancerCare Manitoba disseminated, to each radiation oncologist in Manitoba, guidelines from Choosing Wisely Canada (cwc) that recommend sfrt. We assessed whether dissemination of the guidelines influenced sfrt use in Manitoba in 2016, and we identified factors associated with mfrt. Methods: All patients treated with palliative radiotherapy for bone metastasis in Manitoba from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2016 were identified from the provincial radiotherapy database. Patient, treatment, and disease characteristics were extracted from the electronic medical record and tabulated by fractionation schedule. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors associated with mfrt. Results: In 2016, 807 patients (mean age: 70 years; range: 35-96 years) received palliative radiotherapy for bone metastasis, with 69% of the patients having uncomplicated bone metastasis. The most common primary malignancies were prostate (27.1%), lung (20.6%), and breast cancer (15.9%). In 62% of cases, mfrt was used-a proportion that was unchanged from 2015. On multivariable analysis, a gastrointestinal [odds ratio (or): 5.3] or lung primary (or: 3.3), complicated bone metastasis (or: 4.3), and treatment at a subsidiary site (or: 4.4) increased the odds of mfrt use. Conclusions: Dissemination of cwc recommendations alone did not increase sfrt use by radiation oncologists in 2016. A more comprehensive knowledge translation effort is therefore warranted and is now underway to encourage increased uptake of sfrt in Manitoba.
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Neoplasias/terapia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Radioterapia (Especialidade)/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Gestão de Mudança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
Here, we present the case of a 51-year-old man with limited-stage small cell lung cancer (LS-SCLC) who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The patient was diagnosed as having LS-SCLC with an endobronchial mass in the left main bronchus. Following concurrent chemoradiotherapy, a mass remaining in the left lingular division was treated with PDT. Clinical and histological data indicate that the patient has remained in complete response for 2 years without further treatment. This patient represents a rare case of complete response in LS-SCLC treated with PDT.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/radioterapia , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/radioterapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/diagnóstico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The aim of this study in canines was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of self-expandable metal stents, which were coated with paclitaxel to minimize the tissue response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 14 dogs (5-10 kg) were randomly allocated to two groups. Drug-eluting stents (DES, n = 7) or nondrug-eluting stents (non-DES, n = 7) were endoscopically inserted and fixed in the esophagus of healthy dogs. Every 2 weeks, for a maximum period of 8 weeks, an endoscopic examination was performed to evaluate the status of stent insertion, the grade of tissue hyperplasia, and mucosal change at both ends of the stent. RESULTS: One case of stent migration was observed after 4 weeks in the non-DES group. In this group, tissue reaction and hyperplasia remained for more than 4 weeks after stent insertion. By contrast, an endoscopic examination of the surrounding esophageal mucosa in the DES group showed very little tissue reaction, and the stent was easily separated from the esophageal tissue. CONCLUSION: Although further studies are required to confirm our results, we suggest that these newly designed DES may provide an alternative tool to manage refractory benign esophageal stricture.
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Ligas , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Stents Farmacológicos , Estenose Esofágica/patologia , Esofagoscopia , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cães , Epitélio/efeitos dos fármacos , Epitélio/patologia , Desenho de Equipamento , Esôfago/efeitos dos fármacos , Esôfago/patologia , Adesões Focais , Tecido de Granulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido de Granulação/patologia , Mucosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Although endoscopy is recommended for patients with iron deficiency anaemia, there is, currently, no consensus on the role of endoscopy for iron-deficient patients without anaemia. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence of serious gastrointestinal (GI) lesions, identified by endoscopy in patients with iron deficiency and anaemia compared with patients with iron deficiency without anaemia. METHODS: One thousand five hundred and eighteen patients with a ferritin value of
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Anemia Ferropriva/patologia , Duodenoscopia/normas , Esofagoscopia/normas , Gastroenteropatias/patologia , Gastroscopia/normas , Deficiências de Ferro , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anemia Ferropriva/sangue , Anemia Ferropriva/diagnóstico , Duodenoscopia/métodos , Esofagoscopia/métodos , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/sangue , Gastroenteropatias/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/sangue , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/patologia , Gastroscopia/métodos , Humanos , Ferro/sangue , Coreia (Geográfico) , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the treatment efficiency of UV/TiO2 and UV/TiO2/chemical oxidant processes for the removal of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals in aqueous TiO2 suspensions. The reaction rate (k) of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals by UV/TiO2 was higher than that of UV illumination alone or TiO2 alone. The removal efficiency for humic acid and Cr(VI) at acid or neutral pH values was higher than that at basic pH values. However, the removal efficiency for Cu(II) at acid pH values was smaller compared with that at neutral or basic pH values. The reaction rate (k) of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals in the TiO2 concentration range of 0.1-0.3 g l(-1) increased with increasing TiO2 dosage. However, amounts higher than a TiO2 dosage of 0.3 g l(-1) reduced the removal efficiency for humic acid and hazardous heavy metals because of the shielding effect on the UV light penetration in the aqueous solution caused by the presence of excessive amounts of TiO2. The addition of oxidants to the UV/TiO2 system showed an increase in degradation efficiency for the treatment of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals. The optimal concentration of oxidants was: H2O2 50 mg l(-1), O3 20 g m(-3) and K2S2O8 50 mg l(-1), respectively. The degradation efficiency of UV/TiO2/oxidant systems for the removal of humic acid and hazardous heavy metals was much greater when H2O2 was used as the oxidant.
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Substâncias Húmicas , Metais Pesados/química , Oxidantes/química , Titânio/química , Raios Ultravioleta , Cromo/química , Cobre/química , Desenho de Equipamento , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Cinética , Processos FotoquímicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Although capsule endoscopy has become a central diagnostic tool for small-bowel evaluation, retention of a capsule remains a major concern. This study attempted to investigate the incidence and clinical outcomes of capsule retention, and to determine the factors predictive of spontaneous capsule passage after retention. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Through a nationwide multicenter survey, we retrospectively reviewed the records of 1291 patients who had a capsule endoscopy between February 2002 and July 2006 in Korea. Clinical and procedural characteristics and postprocedural outcomes were analyzed for the cases with capsule retention. RESULTS: Capsule retention occurred in 2.5 % of total cases (32/1291). The major diseases accompanying capsule retention were Crohn's disease, malignant tumors, and tuberculous enterocolitis, in decreasing order. In 11 of the 32 patients (34.4 %), early surgical or endoscopic interventions were instituted for diagnosis or treatment of diseases before retention symptoms developed. The remaining 21 (65.6 %) patients initially received medical treatments. Of these, 10 (31.3 %) ultimately underwent surgical intervention due to the development of symptoms of intestinal obstruction or medical treatment failure. The other 11 (34.4 %) eventually passed the capsule. The presence of a larger lumen diameter (greater than two-thirds of the capsule diameter) at the stricture site was associated with spontaneous passage. CONCLUSIONS: Our large-scale study suggests that retention occurs infrequently during capsule endoscopy. Moreover, a retained capsule might indicate the best intervention for the offending pathology, or it may spontaneously pass in the long run, particularly in patients with less small bowel stricture.
Assuntos
Cápsulas Endoscópicas/efeitos adversos , Endoscopia por Cápsula/efeitos adversos , Corpos Estranhos/epidemiologia , Enteropatias/diagnóstico , Obstrução Intestinal/epidemiologia , Intestino Delgado , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Endoscopia por Cápsula/métodos , Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , Corpos Estranhos/etiologia , Pesquisas sobre Atenção à Saúde , Humanos , Incidência , Obstrução Intestinal/etiologia , Coreia (Geográfico) , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Probabilidade , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of scapular stabilization exercise during standing on a paretic side on upper limb function and gait ability of stroke patients. METHODS: This study was a hospital-based, randomized controlled trial with a blinded assessor. A total of 17 patients with hemiplegic diagnosis after stroke were divided into two groups (9 patients in a study group and 8 patients in a control group). The study group received physical therapy and scapular stabilization exercise on a paretic side. Participants were subjected to initial evaluation before the treatment. Subjects were subsequently re-evaluated 4 and 8 weeks later to compare the changes. Measurements of hand function and gait ability were performed. RESULTS: Based on multivariate analysis of variance for repeated-measures, there was a significant time effect for Timed Up and Go test (TUG) (F = 13.816, P = 0.000), Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) (F = 18.613, P = 0.000), and manual function test (MFT) (F = 16.777, P = 0.000). The group × time interaction effect was also significant for FGA (F = 4.966, P = 0.024) and MFT (F = 6.946, P = 0.003), but not for TUG test (F = 3.343, P = 0.069). CONCLUSION: Results of the present study indicated that scapular stabilization exercise during standing on a paretic side for 8 weeks had an effect on hand function and gait ability of hemiplegic patients after stroke. Further studies are needed to find the most proper exercise for stroke patients who have gait disability and upper limb dysfunction.
RESUMO
AIMS: Very little is known regarding the time required to diagnose and treat patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in Canada. We sought to quantify diagnostic and treatment intervals for NSCLC care in Alberta and identify risk factors for delays. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Alberta Cancer Registry identified all cases of stage I-III NSCLC diagnosed and treated in Alberta, Canada from 2004 to 2011. Diagnostic data were obtained from physician billing, inpatient/outpatient hospital data and electronic medical records to quantify the duration of diagnostic and treatment intervals and their sum (system interval). Multivariable logistic regression was carried out to identify factors associated with delays. RESULTS: Of the 3009 eligible patients included, the median and 90th percentile system interval was 78 (95% confidence interval 76-80) and 185 days (95% confidence interval 178-195), respectively. The treatment interval was longer than the diagnostic interval, with medians of 51 (95% confidence interval 49-53) and 38 (95% confidence interval 36-40) days, respectively. After adjustment, age > 60 years and treatment by modalities other than supportive care (especially surgery) were associated with delays. Factors associated with prompt care included high acuity presentations and stage III disease. CONCLUSION: The majority of Albertans with potentially curable NSCLC exceeded guidelines for the timeliness of their care.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Pulmonar de Células não Pequenas/terapia , Diagnóstico Tardio/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/terapia , Idoso , Alberta , Feminino , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Specific genetic alterations affecting proto-oncogenes of the myc gene family are frequently detected in human lung cancer. Among 11 SCLC cell lines with L-myc gene amplification, four were found to have alteration of the RLF gene by Southern blot and RT-PCR analyses. One cell line, NCI-H378, contained aberrantly-sized L-myc-hybridizing bands by Southern and Northern blot hybridization but had no alteration of RLF. Some L-myc-hybridizing cDNAs from NCI-H378 contained a novel sequence with close homology to the cyclophilins joined to antisense L-myc exon 2 sequence. Full length cDNAs isolated from human skeletal muscle containing only the novel sequence identify open reading frames of 301 and 296 amino acids and differ in the C-terminal region by 22 and 17 amino acids. This gene, tentatively named PPIE (peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase E), has 83% amino acid identity with the central conserved region of cyclophilin A, is evolutionarily conserved by Southern blot, and exhibits differential tissue expression with highest levels found in muscle and brain. Co-amplification of PPIE was observed in seven of eleven L-myc amplified cell lines. Analysis of radiation hybrids suggests that the gene order is RLF-PPIE-L-myc on chromosome 1p and pulse-field gel electrophoresis localizes all three genes to an 800 megabase Mlu I fragment. The prognostic and functional consequences of PPIE gene amplification in SCLC can now be determined.