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Existing circuit camouflaging techniques to prevent reverse engineering increase circuit-complexity with significant area, energy, and delay penalty. In this paper, we propose an efficient hardware encryption technique with minimal complexity and overheads based on ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET) active interconnects. By utilizing the threshold voltage programmability of the FeFETs, run-time reconfigurable inverter-buffer logic, utilizing two FeFETs and an inverter, is enabled. Judicious placement of the proposed logic makes it act as a hardware encryption key and enable encoding and decoding of the functional output without affecting the critical path timing delay. Additionally, a peripheral programming scheme for reconfigurable logic by reusing the existing scan chain logic is proposed, obviating the need for specialized programming logic and circuitry for keybit distribution. Our analysis shows an average encryption probability of 97.43% with an increase of 2.24%/ 3.67% delay for the most critical path/ sum of 100 critical paths delay for ISCAS85 benchmarks.
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Giant hepatic artery aneurysm is a very rare vascular lesion, but can be detected incidentally during abdominal imaging. We report the sonographic and computed tomography (CT) features of a giant hepatic artery aneurysm in a 52-year-old woman presenting with vague abdominal discomfort. This report illustrates that a giant hepatic artery aneurysm can manifest as an incidental large mass in the porta hepatis, and we discuss the role of sonography and CT in the diagnosis of the lesion and review the natural history and clinical presentation of hepatic artery aneurysm.
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Aneurisma/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Achados Incidentais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ultrassonografia Doppler em CoresRESUMO
Hydrosalpinx is a common adnexal lesion that may occur either in isolation or as a component of a complex pathologic process (eg, pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, fallopian tube tumor, or tubal pregnancy) that leads to distal tubal occlusion. On magnetic resonance (MR) images, hydrosalpinx appears as a fluid-filled C- or S-shaped tubular structure that arises from the upper lateral margin of the uterus. Although hydrosalpinx is most often seen on ultrasonographic images, it also may be delineated on multiplanar MR images. MR imaging also may be useful for determining the cause of a hydrosalpinx or its associated adnexal process by characterizing the nature of the contents of the dilated tube. Tubal fluid with high signal intensity on T1-weighted images is suggestive of hematosalpinx associated with endometriosis and tubal pregnancy. A thickened wall of a dilated fallopian tube that displays variable or heterogeneous signal intensity may be indicative of pyosalpinx as a component of a tubo-ovarian abscess. The presence of an enhancing solid mass within a dilated tube is suggestive of fallopian tube carcinoma, whereas enhancement of the dilated tubal wall surrounding a saclike cystic mass may be indicative of a tubal pregnancy. Understanding the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of conditions associated with hydrosalpinx may aid in the timely diagnosis of complex adnexal masses at MR imaging, enabling avoidance of unnecessary procedures.
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Doenças das Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Tubas Uterinas/patologia , Aumento da Imagem/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to measure the numbers of viable bone cells present in autogenous drilling dust (ADD) and mandibular particulated bone (MPB) and to histomorphometrically compare the effects of the combined use of resorbable membranes and ADD or xenografts for the treatment of dehiscence-type defects around implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The left mandibular premolars were extracted from 4 adult beagle dogs. After a 3-month healing period, 4 standardized bone defects were prepared on each mandible, and 1 implant was placed per defect. The 4 sites in each dog were allocated to 4 different treatment groups: 1 site received ADD alone (ADD); 1 site received a Cytoplast membrane supported by ADD (ADD+CP); 1 site received BioCera alone (BC); and the final site received a Cytoplast membrane supported by BioCera (BC+CP). Each animal received a series of 3 bone labels. Three months following these regenerative surgeries, animals were sacrificed and histomorphometric examinations were carried out. In addition, in 3 of the 4 dogs at the time of regenerative surgery, ADD was obtained using implant drills (group 1), MPB was obtained using a fissure bur and rongeur (group 2), and 1.0 cm3 of each was then cultured. Cultured cell counts and osteocalcin synthesis analysis using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed on cells from these 2 groups at 4 and 9 weeks after regenerative surgery. Alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) was measured at 9 weeks in both groups. RESULTS: MPB revealed greater cell counts than ADD after 4 and 9 weeks. Cells stained positively for ALP and osteocalcin in both groups. Fluorescence microscopy showed 22.4% bone formation with ADD+CP, 17.8% with BC+CP, 13.1% with ADD, and 6.4% with BC at 8 weeks. Bone regeneration heights were 2.0 mm with AD, 1.9 mm with ADD+CP, 1.7 mm with BC+CP, and 1.3 mm with BC. Bone regeneration areas measured 1.0 mm2 with ADD, 0.9 mm2 with ADD+CP, 0.6 mm2 with BC+CP, and 0.3 mm2 with BC. Bone-to-implant contacts were 53.1% with ADD, 46.6% with ADD+CP, 44.1% with BC, and 33.7% with BC+CP. CONCLUSIONS: ADD appears to be a useful material for closing dehiscence-type defects, and the use of a membrane was not found to affect bone formation during the treatment of dehiscence-type defects around implants in this study. However, larger studies are needed before fully endorsing its widespread use.
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Implantes Absorvíveis , Regeneração Óssea/fisiologia , Transplante Ósseo/métodos , Implantes Dentários/efeitos adversos , Regeneração Tecidual Guiada/métodos , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Membranas Artificiais , Deiscência da Ferida Operatória/cirurgia , Transplante Heterólogo , Fosfatase Alcalina/análise , Animais , Densidade Óssea/fisiologia , Contagem de Células , Sobrevivência Celular , Células Cultivadas , Corantes , Cães , Corantes Fluorescentes , Microscopia de Fluorescência , Osteocalcina/análise , Osteócitos/patologia , Osteócitos/transplante , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Transplante AutólogoRESUMO
PURPOSE: It is difficult to differentiate between central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) in girls. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic usefulness of pelvic ultrasonography to distinguish between CPP and PT in girls with early breast development. METHODS: This study included girls with early breast development who visited the clinic between January 2012 and December 2013. Clinical, laboratory, and pelvic ultrasonographic data were evaluated. CPP and PT were confirmed using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation test. RESULTS: A total of 248 girls aged 7-8 years were included, among whom 186 (75.0%) had CPP and 62 (25.0%) had PT. The uterine length, transverse diameter, fundus, volume, and cross-sectional area were significantly larger in the CPP group (uterine length, 2.45±0.50 cm vs. 2.63±0.49 cm, P=0.015; uterine volume, 0.95±0.62 cm(3) vs. 1.35±0.76 cm(3), P<0.001). However, there were no differences in the fundus/cervix ratio and ovarian measurements. In receiver operating characteristic analysis, a uterine volume of at least 1.07 cm(3) was the most predictive parameter for CPP with an area under the curve of 0.670 (95% confidence interval, 0.593-0.747). CONCLUSION: Uterine measurements by pelvic ultrasonography in girls with early pubertal development were significantly larger in the CPP group. However, the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic parameters was not high because of a considerable overlap of values between the two groups. Therefore, pelvic ultrasonography in combination with clinical and laboratory tests may be useful to distinguish between CPP and PT in girls.
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We compared the accuracy for localizing arterial occlusion sites between delayed-phase computed tomography angiography (CTA) and arterial-phase CTA in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, and informed consent was waived. For patients treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis within a 6 hour window between January 2009 and November 2011, we retrospectively assessed the arterial occlusion sites of pre-treatment, delayed-phase and arterial-phase CTA and compared these with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) findings. The positive predictive value for detection of vessel occlusion for both CTA methods was derived using DSA as a reference standard. The outcomes were compared using the McNemar test. Inter-observer disagreement within each modality was assessed using the Kendall W test. Among 73 patients treated with intra-arterial thrombolysis, 24 (32.9%) underwent both arterial-phase and delayed-phase CTA, and 66 (90.4%) underwent arterial-phase CTA only. For 24 patients undergoing both arterial-phase and delayed-phase CTA, the delayed-phase CTA detected concordant occlusion sites with DSA in 21 patients, yielding a positive predictive value of 87.5%, whereas the arterial-phase CTA detected this in 14 patients, for a positive predictive value of 58.3% (p=0.013). When discordant with DSA, arterial-phase or delayed-phase CTA indicated occlusions in more proximal sites than DSA. Delayed-phase CTA more precisely localized the occlusion site than arterial-phase CTA in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. Thus, delayed-phase CTA findings could guide neurointerventionists in selecting intra-arterial thrombolysis modalities.
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Angiografia Cerebral/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Idoso , Angiografia Digital , Artéria Carótida Primitiva/diagnóstico por imagem , Artéria Carótida Interna/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Reperfusão/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/tratamento farmacológico , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Cirurgia Assistida por Computador/métodos , Terapia TrombolíticaRESUMO
In three-dimensional (3D) CT colonography (CTC), a wider viewing angle provides a larger field of view. The purpose of this study was to investigate the polyp detection rate and time efficiency of unidirectional 240°-angle 3D CTC compared with bidirectional 120°-angle CTC. CTC data sets of 40 patients were reviewed by two readers using the two methods. The unidirectional 240°-angle CTC showed a performance in polyp detection similar to the bidirectional 120°-angle CTC with improved time efficiency.
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Pólipos do Colo/diagnóstico por imagem , Colonografia Tomográfica Computadorizada/métodos , Pólipos do Colo/patologia , Colonoscopia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare idiopathic disease and this is characterized by a proliferation of abnormal smooth muscle cells in the lungs and in the lymphatic system of the thorax and retroperitoneum. The female genital tract is rarely affected by LAM. We report here on the CT and MR imaging findings of extensive LAM involving the uterus and pelvic cavity, and this was seen as multiple cystic uterine and parauterine masses with internal hemorrhage in a young female with tuberous sclerosis complex.
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Doenças dos Anexos/diagnóstico , Linfangioleiomiomatose/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Anexos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças dos Anexos/cirurgia , Adulto , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia , Linfangioleiomiomatose/diagnóstico por imagem , Linfangioleiomiomatose/cirurgia , Esclerose Tuberosa/diagnóstico , Esclerose Tuberosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Esclerose Tuberosa/cirurgia , Neoplasias Uterinas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Uterinas/cirurgiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate any improvement in the quality of abdominal CTs after the utilization of the nationally based accreditation program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, and informed consent was waived. We retrospectively analyzed 1,011 outside abdominal CTs, from 2003 to 2007. We evaluated images using a fill-up sheet form of the national accreditation program, and subjectively by grading for the overall CT image quality. CT scans were divided into two categories according to time periods; before and after the implementation of the accreditation program. We compared CT scans between two periods according to parameters pertaining to the evaluation of images. We determined whether there was a correlation between the results of a subjective assessment of the image quality and the evaluation scores of the clinical image. RESULTS: The following parameters were significantly different after the implementation of the accreditation program: identifying data, display parameters, scan length, spatial and contrast resolution, window width and level, optimal contrast enhancement, slice thickness, and total score. The remaining parameters were not significantly different between scans obtained from the two different periods: scan parameters, film quality, and artifacts. CONCLUSION: After performing the CT accreditation program, the quality of the outside abdominal CTs show marked improvement, especially for the parameters related to the scanning protocol.
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Acreditação , Melhoria de Qualidade , Radiografia Abdominal/normas , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/normas , Humanos , República da Coreia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Intrahepatic bile duct adenoma is a rare benign epithelial hepatic tumor derived from bile duct cells. We report the imaging findings of a patient with bile duct adenoma, which appeared as a small heterogeneously enhancing mass with focal small cystic change on CT and MRI. Follow-up images at seven months showed a slight increase in tumor size, which could be partly explained by intratumoral hemorrhage on pathologic examination. Although rare, bile duct adenoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of a small hypervascular tumor located in the periphery of liver. Focal cystic change and intratumoral hemorrhage may occur.