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Shigella sonnei isolate invasion plasmid antigen protein, IpaH, was successfully expressed in recombinant overexpression bacterial system. The soluble expression IpaH was enhanced with molecular chaperon co-expressed environment. Specific aptamer IpaH17 was isolated through the SELEX process and showed fM binding affinity. IpaH17-SPR biosensor platform was involved to verify the binding sensitivity and specificity. The IpaH concentration dependent IpaH17-SPR sensor response was highly linear with a linear regression constant of 99.4% in the range between 0 and 100 ng/mL. In addition, S. sonnei revealed the specific RU value and detected in a real-time manner within 1 hour. Our study indicated that IpaH17-SPR sensor can allow for rapid, sensitive and specific determination of Shigella sonnei virulent factor.
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Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Shigella sonnei/patogenicidade , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , VirulênciaRESUMO
In this paper, whole-bacteria SELEX (WB-SELEX) strategy was adopted to isolate specific aptamers against Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Round selection for V. parahaemolyticus was conducted 11 rounds, including two negative selection rounds. It was determined through real-time PCR amplification and post-SELEX experiment. The selected aptmers had high binding property and specificity to V. parahaemolyticus. Of 28 aptamers tested, VPCA-apta#1 had the highest binding affinity compared to other aptamer candidates obtained. To detect V. parahaemolyticus, aptamer based SPR biosensor platform was constructed and pathogenic bacteria sensing was conducted in two steps. The first step was to construct 5'-biotinylated VPCA-apta#1 binding probe. The second step was to incubate V. parahaemolyticus and test microbes in functionalized SA sensor chip in parallel. Our platform showed significant activity for detecting and discriminating V. parahaemolyticus from other enteric species such as Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Sigella sonnei, and Vibrio fischeri. This is the first report on the use of whole-SELEX to isolate DNA aptamers specific for V. parahaemolyticus. We demonstrated the feasibility of using aptamer platform for the detection of V. parahaemolyticus in various food supplies. It might be used in multiple points of care for diagnosing Vibriosis.
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Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos , Técnicas Biossensoriais , Técnica de Seleção de Aptâmeros , Ressonância de Plasmônio de Superfície , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Objective: We aimed to examine the effectiveness and safety of a novel torque-controlled catheter for cerebral angiography. Methods: A total of 417 patients who underwent routine transfemoral cerebral angiography were enrolled in a randomized controlled study to compare the new torque-controlled and control group catheters. Device success was assessed on parameters such as the assessment of the common carotid artery, device rotation force, and success rate with the crossover group after the failed procedure. Four neurointerventionalists investigated the degree of satisfaction of using the new device. Superiority and non-inferiority tests of satisfaction scores were estimated for the new torque-controlled and the control group catheters. Results: The new torque-controlled catheter showed improved performance in terms of technical device success (92.79 vs. 98.09 %, P = 0.010), crossover after technical device failure (0 vs. 86.67 %, P = 0.004), and common carotid artery access (92.79 vs. 98.56 %, P = 0.004). The flexibility and rotational force of the new torque-controlled catheter were higher than those of the control group catheters (75.48 vs. 100 %, P < 0.001). No marked adverse cerebrovascular accidents or vessel damage occurred in either group during the procedure. The differences between the two groups in terms of the device rotational force and operator satisfaction were 1.836 (1.765-1.907) and 2.092 (2.000-2.183), respectively. The new torque-controlled catheter showed superior device rotational force satisfaction, operator satisfaction, and manufacturer satisfaction, with statistical significance. Conclusion: The new torque-controlled catheter was effective, safe, and convenient compared to the control group catheters for diagnostic cerebrovascular angiography.
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BACKGROUND: The Bradybaenidae snail Karaftohelix adamsi is endemic to Korea, with the species tracked from Island Ulleung in North Gyeongsang Province of South Korea. K. adamsi has been classified under the Endangered Wildlife Class II species of Korea and poses a severe risk of extinction following habitat disturbances. With no available information at the DNA (genome) or mRNA (transcriptome) level for the species, conservation by utilizing informed molecular resources seems difficult. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we used the Illumina short-read sequencing and Trinity de novo assembly to draft the reference transcriptome of K. adamsi. RESULTS: After assembly, 13,753 unigenes were obtained of which 10,511 were annotated to public databases (a maximum of 10,165 unigenes found homologs in PANM DB). A total of 6,351, 3,535, 358, and 3,407 unigenes were ascribed to the functional categories under KOG, GO, KEGG, and IPS, respectively. The transcripts such as the HSP 70, aquaporin, TLR, and MAPK, among others, were screened as putative functional resources for adaptation. DNA transposons were found to be thickly populated in comparison to retrotransposons in the assembled unigenes. Further, 2,164 SSRs were screened with the promiscuous presence of dinucleotide repeats such as AC/GT and AG/CT. CONCLUSION: The transcriptome-guided discovery of molecular resources in K. adamsi will not only serve as a basis for functional genomics studies but also provide sustainable tools to be utilized for the protection of the species in the wild. Moreover, the development of polymorphic SSRs is valuable for the identification of species from newer habitats and cross-species genotyping.
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Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Repetições de Microssatélites , Caramujos , Transcriptoma , Animais , Repetições de Microssatélites/genética , Caramujos/genética , Transcriptoma/genética , República da Coreia , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Aptidão GenéticaRESUMO
Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is among the devastating neurological complications with mortality and neurodevelopmental disability rates ranging from 14.7% to 44.7% in preterm infants. The medical techniques have improved throughout the years, as the morbidity-free survival rate of very-low-birth-weight infants has increased; however, the neonatal and long-term morbidity rates have not significantly improved. To this date, there is no strong evidence on pharmacological management on GM-IVH, due to the limitation of well-designed randomized controlled studies. However, recombinant human erythropoietin administration in preterm infants seems to be the only effective pharmacological management in limited situations. Hence, further high-quality collaborative research studies are warranted in the future to ensure better outcomes among preterm infants with GM-IVH.
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BACKGROUND: Ticks are ectoparasites capable of directly damaging their hosts and transmitting vector-borne diseases. The ixodid tick Haemaphysalis flava has a broad distribution that extends from East to South Asia. This tick is a reservoir of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) that causes severe hemorrhagic disease, with cases reported from China, Japan and South Korea. Recently, the distribution of H. flava in South Korea was found to overlap with the occurrence of SFTSV. METHODS: This study was undertaken to discover the molecular resources of H. flava female ticks using the Illumina HiSeq 4000 system, the Trinity de novo sequence assembler and annotation against public databases. The locally curated Protostome database (PANM-DB) was used to screen the putative adaptation-related transcripts classified to gene families, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme, aquaporin, adenylate cyclase, AMP-activated protein kinase, glutamate receptors, heat shock proteins, molecular chaperones, insulin receptor, mitogen-activated protein kinase and solute carrier family proteins. Also, the repeats and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were screened from the unigenes using RepeatMasker (v4.0.6) and MISA (v1.0) software tools, followed by the designing of SSRs flanking primers using BatchPrimer 3 (v1.0) software. RESULTS: The transcriptome produced a total of 69,822 unigenes, of which 46,175 annotated to the homologous proteins in the PANM-DB. The unigenes were also mapped to the EuKaryotic Orthologous Groups (KOG), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) specializations. Promiscuous presence of protein kinase, zinc finger (C2H2-type), reverse transcriptase, and RNA recognition motif domains was observed in the unigenes. A total of 3480 SSRs were screened, of which 1907 and 1274 were found as tri- and dinucleotide repeats, respectively. A list of primer sequences flanking the SSR motifs was detailed for validation of polymorphism in H. flava and the related tick species. CONCLUSIONS: The reference transcriptome information on H. flava female ticks will be useful for an enriched understanding of tick biology, its competency to act as a vector and the study of species diversity related to disease transmission.
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Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Ixodidae , Feminino , Animais , Anotação de Sequência Molecular , Transcriptoma , Genoma , Ixodidae/genética , Repetições de MicrossatélitesRESUMO
Transcriptome studies for conservation of endangered mollusks is a proactive approach towards managing threats and uncertainties facing these species in natural environments. The population of these species is declining due to habitat destruction, illicit wildlife trade, and global climate change. These activities risk the free movement of species across the wild landscape, loss of breeding grounds, and restrictions in displaying the physiological attributes so crucial for faunal welfare. Gastropods face the most negative ecological effects and have been enlisted under Korea's protective species consortium based on their population dynamics in the last few years. Moreover, with the genetic resources restricted for such species, conservation by informed planning is not possible. This review provides insights into the activities under the threatened species initiative of Korea with special reference to the transcriptome assemblies of endangered mollusks. The gastropods such as Ellobium chinense, Aegista chejuensis, Aegista quelpartensis, Incilaria fruhstorferi, Koreanohadra kurodana, Satsuma myomphala, and Clithon retropictus have been represented. Moreover, the transcriptome summary of bivalve Cristaria plicata and Caenogastropoda Charonia lampas sauliae is also discussed. Sequencing, de novo assembly, and annotation identified transcripts or homologs for the species and, based on an understanding of the biochemical and molecular pathways, were ascribed to predictive gene function. Mining for simple sequence repeats from the transcriptome have successfully assisted genetic polymorphism studies. A comparison of the transcriptome scheme of Korean endangered mollusks with the genomic resources of other endangered mollusks have been discussed with homologies and analogies for dictating future research.
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Gastrópodes , Transcriptoma , Animais , Transcriptoma/genética , Espécies em Perigo de Extinção , Gastrópodes/genética , Genoma , República da CoreiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Although endovascular treatment for intracranial aneurysms is considered effective and safe, its durability is still debated. Also, few studies have described angiographic follow-up plan after endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysm, especially in ruptured cases. Hence, we report the long-term results of follow-up angiography protocol. METHODS: Radiological records of 639 cases of coil embolization with ruptured aneurysms from March 2003 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients who received treatment of a saccular aneurysm less than 7 mm resulted with near complete occlusion were included. Two hundred thirty-eight aneuryms which received the follow-up angiography at least once were enrolled. We classified four periods of follow-up as follows : post-treatment 1 year (defined as the first period), from 1 to 2 years (the second period), 2 to 5 years (the third period), and over 5 years (long-term). RESULTS: We identified 14 cases (6.4%) of recurrence from 218 aneurysms in follow-up angiography in the first period. Among 143 aneurysms in the second period, five cases (3.5%) of recurrence were identified. There were no findings suspicious of recanalization in 97 patients in the third period. Of the total 238 cases, there were 19 recurrences, for a recurrence rate of 8.0%. Six (31.6%) out of 19 recurrences showed a tendency toward repeat recurrences even after additional treatment. Twenty-eight received long-term follow-up over 5 years and there was no recurrence. CONCLUSION: Most of the recurrence were found during the first and the second year. We suggest that at least one digital subtraction angiography examination may be necessary around post-treatment 2 years, especially in ruptured cases. If the angiographic results are favorable at 2 years post-treatment, long-term result should be favorable.
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OBJECTIVE: Aneurysm volume quantification (AVQ) using the equation of ellipsoid volume is widely used although it is inaccurate. Furthermore, AVQ with 3-dimensional (3D) rendered data has limitations in general use. A novel universal method for AVQ is introduced for any diagnostic modality and application to any shape of aneurysms. METHODS: Relevant AVQ studies published from January 1997 to June 2019 were identified to determine common methods of AVQ. The basic idea is to eliminate the normal artery volume from 3D model with the aneurysm. After Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) data is converted and exported to stereolithography (STL) file format, the 3D STL model is modified to remove the aneurysm and the volume difference between the 3D model with/without the aneurysm is defined as the aneurysm volume. Fifty randomly selected aneurysms from DICOM database were used to validate the different AVQ methods. RESULTS: We reviewed and categorized AVQ methods in 121 studies. Approximately 60% used the ellipsoid method, while 24% used the 3D model. For 50 randomly selected aneurysms, volumes were measured using 3D Slicer, RadiAnt, and ellipsoid method. Using 3D Slicer as the reference, the ratios of mean difference to mean volume obtained by RadiAnt and ellipsoid method were -1.21±7.46% and 4.04±30.54%, respectively. The deviations between RadiAnt and 3D Slicer were small despite of aneurysm shapes, but those of ellipsoid method and 3D Slicer were large. CONCLUSION: In spite of inaccuracy, ellipsoid method is still mostly used. We propose a novel universal method for AVQ that is valid, low cost, and easy to use.
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OBJECTIVE: Carotid web (CaW) is reported as one of the causes of cryptogenic strokes. However, its pathophysiology is not known, which makes clinicians debate CaW treatment. The current study presents the mechanism of ischemic stroke in CaW and finds a potential indicator for ischemic stroke in CaW. METHODS: Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was applied to computer-aided artificial human CaW models to investigate the correlation between stenosis rate and CaW angle. The CFD results were compared with stroke or symptomatic CaW including adequate reported images for anatomic analysis of the stenosis rate and CaW angle. RESULTS: The CFD result of the CaW models shows that the velocity decreases and the turbulence generation of blood flow increases in the area under CaW (AuCaW). In AuCaW, turbulence intensity (TI) is high in the high stenosis rate and small angle conditions. Moreover, TI remained high in the AuCaW throughout the cardiac cycles. The analysis of 67 anatomic figures appeared in 36 articles merged with CFD results, and a CaW scoring system was introduced for clinicians to determine patients with CaW with a high risk of ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS: This study is believed to be the first to apply TI to CaW. Because most ischemic strokes in CaW occurred at a high stenosis rate and small angle, TI may be used as a potential indicator of ischemic stroke in CaW. Furthermore, TI is easily used in the daily clinical field by applying CaW scores.
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Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico , Algoritmos , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças das Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose das Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose das Carótidas/cirurgia , Simulação por Computador , Deslocamentos de Líquidos Corporais , Humanos , AVC Isquêmico/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment (EVT) is less effective for intracranial atherosclerosis-induced emergent large vessel occlusion. Extracranial-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass surgery is a possible treatment option to augment cerebral blood flow in the perfusion defect area. We compared the efficacy and safety of EC-IC bypass surgery with those of EVT and maximal medical treatment for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: The data from 39 patients, for whom vessel revascularization had failed despite mechanical thrombectomy, were retrospectively analyzed. Of the 39 patients, 22 had undergone percutaneous transluminal angioplasty or intracranial stenting (PTA/S), 10 had undergone emergency EC-IC bypass surgery within 24 hours of symptom onset, and 7 had received maximal medical treatment (MMT) only. The patency, perfusion status, and postoperative infarct volume were evaluated. The clinical outcomes were assessed at 6 months postoperatively using the modified Rankin scale. RESULTS: The mean reperfusion time was significantly longer for the EC-IC bypass group (14.9 hours) compared with that in the PTA/S group (4.1 hours) and MMT group (7.5 hours; P < 0.05). The postoperative infarct volume on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was significantly lower in the emergency EC-IC bypass group (11.3 cm3) than in the MMT group (68.0 cm3) but was not significantly different from that of the PTA/S group (14.0 cm3; P < 0.05). The proportion of patients with a modified Rankin scale score of 0-2 at 6 months after surgery was significantly higher in the EC-IC bypass group (80%) than in the PTA/S (59%) and MMT (14%) groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency EC-IC bypass surgery is an effective and safe treatment option for intracranial atherosclerosis-induced acute ischemic stroke for which EVT is inadequate.
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Revascularização Cerebral/métodos , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/métodos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/cirurgia , Idoso , Artérias/cirurgia , Constrição Patológica/complicações , Constrição Patológica/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/complicações , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The double microcatheter technique (DMT) is a common technique for treating intracranial aneurysms with endovascular coiling. The DMT is usually performed with 6 Fr guiding catheters. However, to the best of our knowledge, this technique using 5 Fr guiding catheters has not been reported. We report a DMT using a 5 Fr guiding catheter and the thoughts and tenets to make this possible. METHODS: An 84-year-old woman had presented with a subarachnoid hemorrhage caused by rupture of a broad-necked aneurysm on the origin of the left posterior inferior cerebellar artery. We decided to use the DMT for coil embolization. However, because of the tortuous and calcified vessels from the femoral artery to the vertebral artery (VA), placement of a 6 Fr guiding catheter within the left VA failed. Therefore, we changed the guiding catheter to a 5 Fr Chaperon guiding catheter, which has the largest inner diameter of the 5 Fr guiding catheters. It was successfully navigated to the left VA, and we performed the DMT using Headway Duo and Prowler 10 microcatheters. Coil embolization was successfully completed without any complications. RESULTS: DMT using a 5 Fr guiding catheter can be performed if the sum of the largest outer diameters of the 2 microcatheters is less than the inner diameter of the 5 Fr guiding catheter. CONCLUSIONS: The DMT using a 5 Fr guiding catheter can be performed if the sum of the outer diameters of the 2 microcatheters is less than the inner diameter of the 5 Fr guiding catheter. This technique could be a safe and effective option for treatment of broad-necked aneurysms, especially in the case of an elderly patient with tortuous vasculature or posterior circulation.
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Aneurisma Roto/terapia , Catéteres , Embolização Terapêutica/instrumentação , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , HumanosRESUMO
Infectious intracranial aneurysm (IIA), a rare type of cerebral aneurysm, is often observed in patients with infective endocarditis. Hemorrhage or infarction often occurs; however, the presentation of both hemorrhagic and ischemic components is rare. A 41-year-old man with progressive motor weakness, dysarthria, and severe headache was admitted to our hospital. Brain computed tomography scan revealed a scanty subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging confirmed acute cerebral infarction around the external capsule and insular lobe. A digital subtraction cerebral angiogram revealed an obstruction in the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The patient's neurological symptoms improved remarkably on the fifth day, and a follow-up angiogram revealed recanalized MCA with pseudoaneurysm, which was not observed on the previous angiogram. A blood culture result confirmed bacteremia, and the patient was then diagnosed with infective endocarditis. The pseudoaneurysm was treated with anastomosis of the superficial temporal artery and MCA with trapping of the parent artery. He was discharged with no neurological deficits. Herein, we present a patient with IIA, who sequentially developed SAH and cerebral infarction, and underwent extracranial-intracranial bypass with trapping of the parent artery. Although the treatment strategy for IIA is controversial, the treatment plan should be cautiously discussed with the patient. In addition, the assessment of an underlying infectious disease is required.
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Here we examine the expression pattern of HMGN1, a nucleosome binding protein that affects chromatin structure and activity, in the hair follicle and test whether loss of HMGN1 affects the development or cycling of the follicle. We find that at the onset of hair follicle development, HMGN1 protein is expressed in the epidermal placode and in aggregated dermal fibroblasts. In the adult hair follicle, HMGN1 is specifically expressed in the basal layer of epidermis, in the outer root sheath, in the hair bulb, but not in the inner root sheath and hair shaft. The expression pattern of HMGN1 is very similar to p63, suggesting a role for HMGN1 in the transiently amplifying cells. We also find HMGN1 expression in some, but not all hair follicle stem cells as detected by its colocalization with Nestin and with BrdU label-retaining cells. The appearance of the skin and hair follicle of Hmgn1(-/-) mice was indistinguishable from that of their Hmgn1(+/+) littermates. We found that in the hair follicle the expression of HMGN2 is very similar to HMGN1 suggesting functional redundancy between these closely related HMGN variants.
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Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Proteína HMGN1/genética , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Animais , Imunofluorescência , Folículo Piloso/embriologia , Folículo Piloso/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hibridização In Situ , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Pele/embriologia , Pele/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Pele/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluatelong-term radiologic prognosis and characteristics of in-stent stenosis (ISS) after stent assisted coiling (SAC) for cerebral aneurysm and analyze its risk factors. METHODS: Radiological records of 362 cases of SAC during 10 years were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were included in this study if they had follow-up angiogram using catheter selected angiography at least twice. All subjected were followed up from 12 months to over 30 months. Of 120 patients, 123 aneurysms were enrolled. Patient data including age, sex, aneurysm size, neck size, procedural complication, kinds of stent, ISS associated symptom, ruptured state, location of ISS, degree of ISS, radiologic prognosis of ISS, follow-up period of time, and medical comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidemia, and smoking were collected.Statistical comparisons of group clinical characteristics were conducted for the total population. RESULTS: Among 123 casesof aneurysm, 22 cases (17.9%) of ISS were revealed on follow-up angiography. Multiple stenting was performed in three cases and intra-procedural rupture occurred in two cases. Most cases were asymptomatic and symptomatic stenosis was identified in only one case. Sixteen cases were ruptured aneurysm. Mild stenosis was observed in 11 cases. Moderate stenosis was found in eight cases and severe stenosis was identified in three cases. Mean timing of identification of ISS was 8.90 months. The most common type was proximal type. Most cases were improved or not changed on follow-up angiography. Only one case was aggravated from mild stenosis to occlusion of parent artery. Mean follow-up period was 44.3 months. We compared risk factors and characteristic between ISS group and non-ISS group using univariate analysis. Multiple stenting was performed for three cases (13.6%) of the ISS group and four cases (4.0%) of the non-ISS group, showing no statistical difference between the two groups (p=0.108). Additionally, the proportion of patients who had more than two risk factors among four medical risk factors (hypertension, DM, dyslipidemia, and smoking) was higher in the ISS group than that in the non-ISS group, the difference between the two was not statistically significant either (31.8% vs. 12.9%, p=0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinical course and long-term prognosis of ISS might be benign. Most cases of ISS could be improved or not aggravated. Control of medical co-morbidity might be important. To the best of our knowledge, our study had more cases with longer follow-up period of time than other reports.
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A 24-year-old man was admitted with sudden severe headache. Brain computed tomography (CT) revealed a subarachnoid hemorrhage in the basal cistern and both Sylvian cisterns and a left internal carotid artery angiogram showed a small aneurysm on the bifurcation of the left middle cerebral artery. We performed Y-configured stent-assisted coil embolization. On the fifth post-embolization day, the patient had chills, and his body temperature was over 38â. Staphylococcus aureus was cultured from the venous blood sample. Central venous catheter-induced bacteremia was suspected. The central venous catheter was immediately removed, and an antibiotic to which the organism was susceptible (nafcillin) was injected for 15 days according to the result of the antibiotics sensitivity test. He was discharged without any clinical or neurological symptoms on the 32nd hospital day. Three months after treatment, the patient complained in the outpatient department of headache, nausea and vomiting. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed several well-rimmed enhancing lesions in the left temporoparietal lobe. The headache, nausea and vomiting was aggravated, and brain CT showed more enlarging cysts and aggravation of the midline shift. Stereotactic aspiration was performed for the three biggest cysts, and greenish-white colored pus was aspirated. The identified pathogen was methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus in the culture study. Vancomycin and ceftriaxone were administered intravenously for three weeks, followed by intravenous injection of nafcillin for five weeks. The patient's postoperative course was clinically uneventful, and brain CT on postoperative day 57 showed total disappearance of the rim-enhanced abscess.
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Aneurisma Roto/terapia , Abscesso Encefálico/etiologia , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/etiologia , Infecções Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Stents , Aneurisma Roto/diagnóstico por imagem , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Abscesso Encefálico/tratamento farmacológico , Abscesso Encefálico/microbiologia , Angiografia Cerebral , Humanos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Estafilocócicas/tratamento farmacológico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Aptamer-based paper strip sensor for detecting Vibrio fischeri was developed. Our method was based on the aptamer sandwich assay between whole live cells, V. fischeri and DNA aptamer probes. Following 9 rounds of Cell-SELEX and one of the negative-SELEX, V. fischeri Cell Aptamer (VFCA)-02 and -03 were isolated, with the former showing approximately 10-fold greater avidity (in the subnanomolar range) for the target cells when arrayed on a surface. The colorimetric response of a paper sensor based on VFCA-02 was linear in the range of 4 × 101 to 4 × 105 CFU/mL of target cell by using scanning reader. The linear regression correlation coefficient ( R2) was 0.9809. This system shows promise for use in aptamer-conjugated gold nanoparticle probes in paper strip format for in-field detection of marine bioindicating bacteria.
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Aliivibrio fischeri/isolamento & purificação , Aptâmeros de Nucleotídeos/química , Técnicas Biossensoriais/métodos , Papel , Biblioteca Gênica , Ouro/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Técnica de Seleção de AptâmerosRESUMO
We report ischemic complications related to obstruction of the posterior communicating artery (PcomA) and suggest treatment strategies according to the angiographic characteristics of the PcomA and the posterior cerebral artery (PCA). Twenty-one patients with PcomA aneurysm who had initially undergone endovascular treatment and had an identifiable PcomA occlusion on immediate or follow-up angiography were enrolled. We classified PcomA aneurysm according to the characteristics of the PcomA and PCA (P1) on baseline angiography, as follows: type I was defined as PcomA aneurysm with an absent PcomA and a normal-sized P1. Type II was defined as a hypoplastic PcomA and a normal-sized P1. Type III was defined as a normal-sized PcomA and an absent P1. Type IV was defined as a normal-sized PcomA and a hypoplastic P1. Type V was a normal-sized PcomA and a normal-sized P1. Among all cases of PcomA obstruction, 15 (71.4%) were type II PcomA aneurysms, four were type IV, one was type III, and one was type V. Ischemic events related to PcomA obstruction occurred in three cases (type II, III and VI), which included two tuberothalamic infarctions (type III and IV) and one cortical infarction in the territory of the PCA (type II). Follow-up angiographies showed flow change in the PcomA in 14 cases. It is relatively safe to sacrifice type II PcomA if necessary. However, physicians should pay attention to unexpected flow changes, such as recanalization or occlusion of the PcomA, which are possible after treatment.
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Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Aneurisma Intracraniano/diagnóstico por imagem , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Artéria Cerebral Posterior/diagnóstico por imagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angiografia Digital , Angiografia Cerebral , Angiografia por Tomografia Computadorizada , Meios de Contraste , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Chronic subdural hematoma (cSDH) is common condition in neurosurgical field. It is difficult to select the treatment modality between the surgical method and the conservative method when patients have no or mild symptoms. The purpose of this study is to provide a suggestion that the patients could be cured with conservative treatment modality. METHODS: We enrolled 16 patients who had received conservative treatment for cSDH without special medications which could affect hematoma resolution such as mannitol, steroids, tranexamic acid and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The patients were classified according to the Markwalder's Grading Scale. RESULTS: Among these 16 patients, 13 (81.3%) patients showed spontaneously resolved cSDH and 3 (18.7%) patients received surgery due to symptom aggravation and growing hematoma. They were categorized into two groups based on whether they were cured with conservative treatment or not. The first group was the spontaneous resolution group. The second group was the progression-surgery group. The mean hematoma volume in the spontaneous resolution group was 43.1 mL. The mean degree of midline shift in the spontaneous resolution group was 5.3 mm. The mean hematoma volume in the progression-surgery group was 62.0 mL. The mean degree of midline shift in the second group was 6 mm. CONCLUSION: We suggest that the treatment modality should be determined according to the patient's symptoms and clinical condition and close observation could be performed in patients who do not have any symptoms or in patients who have mild to moderate headache without neurological deterioration.
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are commonly present xenobiotics in natural and contaminated soils. We studied three (phenanthrene, naphthalene, and biphenyl) xenobiotics, catabolism, and associated proteins in Sphingobium chungbukense DJ77 by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis. Comparative analysis of the growth-dependent 2-DE results revealed that the intensity of 10 protein spots changed identically upon exposure to the three xenobiotics. Among the upregulated proteins, five protein spots, which were putative dehydrogenase, dioxygenase, and hydrolase and involved in the catabolic pathway of xenobiotic degradation, were induced. Identification of these major multifunctional proteins allowed us to map the multiple catabolic pathway for phenanthrene, naphthalene, and biphenyl degradation. A part of the initial diverse catabolism was converged into the catechol degradation branch. Detection of intermediates from 2,3-dihydroxy-biphenyl degradation to pyruvate and acetyl-CoA production by LC/MS analysis showed that ring-cleavage products of PAHs entered the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and were mineralized in S. chungbukense DJ77. These results suggest that S. chungbukense DJ77 completely degrades a broad range of PAHs via a multiple catabolic pathway.