Vascular density, angiogenesis and pro-angiogenic factors in uterine fibroids.

Angiogenesis is a process of development of new vessels from the preexisting vascular network of a host. This is process which is seen in many physiological situations but it accompanies also a development of different lesions, i.e. neoplasms. Uterine fibroids are one of the most frequent lesions which affect human internal female genital tracts. Authors briefly review most important pro-angiogenic factors, based on their own observation as well as reviewing current literature. They pay much attention to vascular density which is significantly changed in the uterine tumors.

Blood vessels of the shin - anterior tibial artery - anatomy and embryology - own studies and review of the literature.

Injuries of the lower leg are rather frequent in every day orthopedic routine. Process of healing takes quite a long time and is commonly dependent on the proper vasculature. e study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the vascular system of the leg was studied using classical anatomical dissection methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the vascularization of the lower leg and its embryological background.

Angiogenesis and pro-angiogenic factors in uterine fibroids - facts and myths.

Uterine leiomyomata present major problem for females. Although they are benign tumors their frequency is associated with many symptoms like infertility, abdominal pain, menorrhagia. Authors based on their own morphological studies and review of the literature try to indicate main factors causing angiogenesis within leiomyomata and its influence on tumor growth. The strongest proangiogenic factor seems to be hypoxia, which stimulates up- and down-regulation of numerous genetically determined substances. Also mechanical pressure acting upon newly growing vessels is one of the factors which may determine formation of so called "vascular pseudocapsule" around the lesion.

Morphometric parameters of human coronary sinus - based on study of 80 human hearts.

The study was carried out on 80 human hearts (64 male and 16 female). The whole material has been divided into 4 groups: I - aged 19-40; II - aged 41-50; III - aged 51-60 and IV - aged 61-70. The venous vascular bed of 80 hearts was injected through the coronary sinus with Duracryl plus (Spofa Dental, Czech Republic) and next corroded. Thus obtained specimens were measured using electronic caliper (MAU-a E 0-150, Horex, Poland). The length of the coronary sinus varied from 15-50 mm (with the mean value of 30 mm in male hearts and 25 mm in female hearts). The caliber of the vessels varied from 7-13 mm. The length of the coronary sinus is not age-dependent, however it is longer in male than female hearts. Generally the caliber of male coronary sinus is bigger than in the female, although it isn't statistically significant.

Certain remarks on blood supply of normal human uterine corpus - corrosion casting and SEM study.

Corrosion casting and scanning electron microscopy are currently best available technique which allows observation of microvascular bed of different anatomical structures and obtaining quasi 3-D pictures, necessary for reconstruction of microvessels. Application of synthetic resins, which fill practically the whole vascular bed enables profound analysis of such obtained specimens.

Application of Duracryl plus for preparation of corrosion casts of venous coronary tree of human heart.

Duracryl Plus is a synthetic resin, self-polymerizing copolymer of methyl methacrylate and acrylate, which is widely used in dental practice. The aim of this study was to apply it to fill the venous vascular beds of human hearts to obtain corrosion cast ready to describe wanted parameters of venous coronary vessels.

Morphology of tributaries of coronary sinus in humans - corrosion casting study.

The study was carried out on 80 human hearts obtained during autopsies. The vascular beds were filled with synthetic resin and next corroded. In all 80 hearts we have been found both: great, middle and small cardiac veins. In two out of 80 hearts we did not find oblique vein of the left atrium. Posterior vein of the left ventricle was double in four hearts. Right marginal vein was found in 5 hearts, left marginal vein was seen in 9 hearts. We also compared the dimensions of all of the above mentioned tributaries of the coronary sinus.

Inferior tibiofibular joint (tibiofibular syndesmosis) - own studies and review of the literature.

The study was carried out on 50 human lower legs obtained during autopsies. The anatomy of the joint was studied using classical anatomical description methods. Based also on literature we have reviewed the current knowledge on the inferior tibiofibular joint.