New model of college physical education teaching based on the algorithm and data structure of flipped classroom and OBE.

Although college physical education (PE) is a compulsory course in college teaching, due to the openness of assessment standards and students studying to pass the final exam, college PE has been undervalued, so this paper aims to explore the new model of college PE teaching. In response, this paper took the air volleyball course as an example and redesigned the teaching of college PE based on the theory of flipped classroom and outcomes-based education (OBE). This paper also proposed a personalised learning system for college sports based on genetic algorithm (GA) and data structure, greatly improving college PE's autonomous learning ability and willingness. In the design of the teaching model, this paper compared and analysed the teaching model combining flipped classroom and OBE with flipped classroom teaching model, OBE teaching model and traditional teaching model. A one-semester investigation was conducted by selecting 40 students who took the air volleyball PE course at Hebei Normal University for Nationalities. The 40 students were divided into four groups, and their learning after one semester was compared. The experimental results showed that, compared with the traditional teaching model group, the outcome-based education and flipped classroom education group's performance of hitting the ball, passing the ball, spiking the ball, and serving the ball increased by 3.8 %, 14.3 %, 20.8 %, and 10.3 %, respectively. This suggested that the new college physical education teaching model based on flipped classrooms and OBE has a good teaching effect and can be used as a reference and help for others.

Riverine Health Assessment Using Coordinated Development Degree Model Based on Natural and Social Functions in the Lhasa River, China.

Rivers provide a variety of ecosystem services to humans. However, human interference significantly impairs the rivers' functions and poses a threat to river health. To increase the understanding of riverine health in Tibet, China from 2011 to 2014, this study used the Lhasa River as a case study and established a multiple indicator system incorporating both natural and social functions of the river. Weights of riverine health indicators were calculated using the entropy method. Moreover, to evaluate the coordination and development of natural and social functions, a coordinated development degree model was developed. The results showed that the entropy weights of natural and social functions in the target layer were 0.67 and 0.33, respectively. Natural functions, social functions, and riverine state index all decreased from upstream to downstream, and marked as "good" during the entire study period. In 2012, the coordinated development degree improved from previously "moderately coordinated" to "highly coordinated". Furthermore, the development of natural and social functions was synchronized throughout the study period. Further analysis revealed that the construction of hydraulic projects had a significant effect on the hydrological regime, resulting in an increase in social functions of the river. Therefore, the coordinated development degree model is shown to provide new insight into assessing riverine health in terms of both natural and social functions.

"Reprogram Enablement" as an Assay for Identifying Early Oncogenic Pathways by Their Ability to Allow Neoplastic Cells to Reacquire an Epiblast State.

One approach to understanding how tissue-specific cancers emerge is to determine the requirements for "reprograming" such neoplastic cells back to their developmentally normal primordial pre-malignant epiblast-like pluripotent state and then scrutinizing their spontaneous reconversion to a neoplasm, perhaps rendering salient the earliest pivotal oncogenic pathway(s) (before other aberrations accumulate in the adult tumor). For the prototypical malignancy anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC), we found that tonic RAS reduction was obligatory for reprogramming cancer cells to a normal epiblast-emulating cells, confirmed by changes in their transcriptomic and epigenetic profiles, loss of neoplastic behavior, and ability to derive normal somatic cells from their "epiblast organoids." Without such suppression, ATCs re-emerged from the clones. Hence, for ATC, RAS inhibition was its "reprogram enablement" (RE) factor. Each cancer likely has its own RE factor; identifying it may illuminate pre-malignant risk markers, better classifications, therapeutic targets, and tissue-specification of a previously pluripotent, now neoplastic, cell.

Snail promotes the generation of vascular endothelium by breast cancer cells.

A further understanding of tumor angiogenesis is urgently needed due to the limited therapeutic efficacy of anti-angiogenesis agents. However, the origin of endothelial cells (EC) in tumors remains widely elusive and controversial. Snail has been thoroughly elucidated as a master regulator of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), but its role in endothelium generation is not yet established. In this study, we reported a new and unexpected function of Snail in endothelium generation by breast cancer cells. We showed that high Snail-expressing breast cancer cells isolated from patients showed more endothelium generated from these cells. Expression of Snail was positively correlated with endothelial markers in breast cancer patients. The ectopic expression of Snail induced endothelial marker expression, tube formation and DiI-AcLDL uptake of breast cancer cells in vitro, and enhanced tumor growth and microvessel density in vivo. Snail-mediated endothelium generation depended on VEGF and Sox2. Mechanistically, Snail promoted the expression of VEGF and Sox2 through recruiting the p300 activator complex to these promoters. We showed the dual function of Snail in tumor initiation and angiogenesis in vivo and in vitro through activation of Sox2 and VEGF, suggesting Snail may be an ideal target for cancer therapy.

Multiple Antigen Stimulating Cellular Therapy (MASCT) For Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Curative Treatment: A Retrospective Study.

Background & Aims: The prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains poor and available treatment options are limited. This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of Multiple Antigen Stimulating Cell Therapy (MASCT) as an adjuvant therapy for the treatment of HCC after curative treatment. Methods: Patients who underwent HCC curative treatments were classified into two groups: the MASCT group, in which patients received MASCT treatment after curative treatment (n = 47), and the control group, in which patients did not receive any treatment after curative treatment (n = 99). Patients who received ≥ 5 courses of MASCT treatment before recurrence or death (n = 26) were further stratified into a subgroup (multiple-course MASCT group) for analysis. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The secondary endpoints were disease-free survival (DFS) and safety. Results: Kaplan-Meier analysis showed no statistically significant difference in OS between the MASCT group and the control group (P = 0.132), nor in DFS (P = 0.310) (median: 36.17 vs. 24.27 months). However, when comparing the multiple-course MASCT treated group to the control group, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a significant difference in OS (P = 0.011), but not in DFS (P = 0.104) (median: 47.10 vs. 24.27 months). The overall incidences of treatment-related adverse events in the MASCT group and control group were 14.89% (7/47) and 19.19% (19/99), respectively. No MASCT treatment-related serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions: Although the MASCT group was not associated with significantly longer OS or DFS, the multiple-course MASCT group showed significantly improved overall survival after curative treatment, and the treatment procedures were well-tolerated. Multiple-course MASCT may therefore provide another choice for patients with HCC after curative treatment.

MiR-324-5p assists ultrasonography in predicting lymph node metastasis of unifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma without extracapsular spread.

Ultrasonography is the first choice of lymph node metastasis (LNM) detection which is crucial for therapeutic options of papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). However, the sensitivity of ultrasonography in detecting LNM of PTC is relatively low; especially in central LNM. MiR-324-5p has been reported to play important roles in the metastasis of various cancers. To explore the relationship between miR-324-5p and LNM in PTC, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed in PTC tissue and fine needle aspiration (FNA) washout successively. Its correlation with LNM of PTC was analyzed. The clinicopathological and sonographic factors relating to LNM were also studied. Additionally, the function assay of miR-324-5p in PTC cells was conducted. Current study demonstrated that age was an independent protective factor and multifocality, advanced TNM stage, increased transverse diameter of thyroid nodule, ultrasound suspected LNM were independent risk factors of LNM. MiR-324-5p promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of PTC cell line. MiR-324-5p could serve as a candidate predictor along with ultrasonography in predicting LNM, especially central LNM of unifocal papillary thyroid microcarcinoma without extracapsular spread.

Influence of Sub-Daily Variation on Multi-Fractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis of Wind Speed Time Series.

Using multi-fractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MF-DFA), the scaling features of wind speed time series (WSTS) could be explored. In this paper, we discuss the influence of sub-daily variation, which is a natural feature of wind, in MF-DFA of WSTS. First, the choice of the lower bound of the segment length, a significant parameter of MF-DFA, was studied. The results of expanding the lower bound into sub-daily scope shows that an abrupt declination and discrepancy of scaling exponents is caused by the inability to keep the whole diel process of wind in one single segment. Additionally, the specific value, which is effected by the sub-daily feature of local meteo-climatic, might be different. Second, the intra-day temporal order of wind was shuffled to determine the impact of diel variation on scaling exponents of MF-DFA. The results illustrate that disregarding diel variation leads to errors in scaling. We propose that during the MF-DFA of WSTS, the segment length should be longer than 1 day and the diel variation of wind should be maintained to avoid abnormal phenomena and discrepancy in scaling exponents.

Histological changes of gastric mucosa after Helicobacter pylori eradication: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIM: To systematically review pathological changes of gastric mucosa in gastric atrophy (GA) and intestinal metaplasia (IM) after Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication. METHODS: A systematic search was made of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, OVID and the Cochran Library databases for articles published before March 2013 pertaining to H. pylori and gastric premalignant lesions. Relevant outcomes from articles included in the meta-analysis were combined using Review Manager 5.2 software. A Begg's test was applied to test for publication bias using STATA 11 software. χ(2) and I(2) analyses were used to assess heterogeneity. Analysis of data with no heterogeneity (P > 0.1, I (2) < 25%) was carried out with a fixed effects model, otherwise the causes of heterogeneity were first analyzed and then a random effects model was applied. RESULTS: The results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95%CI was 0.23 (0.18-0.29) between eradication and non-eradication of H. pylori infection in antral IM with a significant overall effect (Z = 8.19; P <0.00001) and no significant heterogeneity (χ(2) = 27.54, I(2) = 16%). The pooled WMD with 95%CI was -0.01 (-0.04-0.02) for IM in the corpus with no overall effect (Z = 0.66) or heterogeneity (χ(2) = 14.87, I(2) =0%) (fixed effects model). In antral GA, the pooled WMD with 95% CI was 0.25 (0.15-0.35) with a significant overall effect (Z = 4.78; P < 0.00001) and significant heterogeneity (χ(2) = 86.12, I(2) = 71%; P < 0.00001). The pooled WMD with 95% CI for GA of the corpus was 0.14 (0.04-0.24) with a significant overall effect (Z = 2.67; P = 0.008) and significant heterogeneity (χ(2) = 44.79, I(2) = 62%; P = 0.0003) (random effects model). CONCLUSION: H. pylori eradication strongly correlates with improvement in IM in the antrum and GA in the corpus and antrum of the stomach.