[Intranasal co-administration of recombinant streptococcus group B polypeptides and influenza deltaNS1 vaccine].

In the present work, the immunoadjuvant properties of the influenza deltaNS1 vaccine virus after intranasal administration in combination with recombinant GBS polypeptides was tested in mice. According to our data, co-administration of recombinant GBS polypeptides and influenza deltaNS1 vaccine resulted in the increase in the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of bacterial proteins. Combined vaccination with the GBS polypeptides and influenza deltaNS1 vaccine has a potential to be used not only for prophylaxis infections caused by SGB, but also for prevention of the bacterial complications of influenza.

[The comparative characteristics of the immunogenic and immunomodulating activity of different antigenic preparations of the causative agent of Q fever Coxiella burnetii]. / Sravnitel'naia kharakteristika immunogennoi i immunomoduliruiushchei aktivnosti raznykh preparatov antigenov vozbuditelia Q-likhoradki Coxiella burnetii.

The immunogenicity of the Coxiella burnetii corpuscle antigen and two its components, obtained after the treatment with chloroform-methanol or extraction by trichloroacetic acid, was investigated. All the studied antigens were highly immunogenic. A strong correlation was discovered between the immunogenic and immunomodulating properties of the C. burnetii antigens. Cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system are the targets for stimulating action of the studied antigens. A cyclic increase of antibacterial activity and oxygen-dependent metabolism of the peritoneal cells was noted, in addition to the increase of the natural splenocyte cytotoxicity caused by the action of these antigens. The role of cytokines in rising the activity of peritoneal cells and splenocytes, caused by immunization of mice with the above antigenic substances, is discussed.

[Effects of the antioxidant ionol on humoral immune response in experimental influenza]. / Vliianie antioksidanta ionola na gumoral'noe zveno immunogo otveta pri éksperimental'nom grippe.

The effect of the antioxidant ionol on a humoral immune response was studied in experimental influenza. With preventive introduction of ionol, the affinity of anti-influenza G antibodies circulating in the blood stream was shown to be decreased as compared to that in control animals. The changes in the affinity during influenza infection were cyclic and less marked in the group of animals receiving ionol. The administration of the antioxidant substantially reduced the detection rate of specific blood immune complexes and contributed to the production of antibody-forming cells. The findings suggest that ionol has a favourable effect on a humoral immune response in experimental influenza and alleviates the course of an infectious process.

[Stress and viral infection: dynamics of expression of influenza A viral antigens during immobilization stress]. / Stress i virusnaia infektsiia: dinamika ékspressii antigenov virusa grippa A pod deistviem immobilizatsionnogo stressa.

The level of expression of influenza virus antigens in the target organ is an important characteristic of the severity of a viral process, as was shown on a model of experimental influenza A. Stress exposure augmenting the severity of the infection stimulates the expression of viral polypeptides in the acute period of the disease. Injection of an antioxidant ionol which is effective in influenza may prevent stress-enhanced synthesis of viral proteins. Stress-induced disorder of the mechanisms of formation of immunological memory is paralleled by accumulation of high levels of virus-specific proteins in the lungs after repeated exposure of an animal to a homologous virus. Hence, the level of viral antigens synthesized in the course of reinfection also helps assess the degree of body protection from this agent.

[Characteristics of the causative agents of the influenza A (H3N2) epidemic in Leningrad in 1983]. / Osobennosti vozbuditelei épidemii grippa A (H3N2) v Leningrade v 1982 g.

Investigation of influenza A (H3N2) epidemic of 1983 in Leningrad revealed simultaneous circulation of 3 antigenic variants similar to A/Bangkok/1/79, A/Bangkok/2/79, and A/Philippines/2/82 with significant predominance of the first antigenic variant. The viruses related to A/Philippines/2/82 comprising one-third of all isolations produced antibodies of a wide spectrum unlike the other two variants whose antisera neutralize actively the homologous virus only. The possibility of selecting epidemic strains of the A/Philippines/2/82 variety as vaccine strain candidates is discussed.

[Isolation of influenza A viruses in 1981 in Leningrad with and antigenic formula (H0N1) related to strain A/PR8/34]. / Vydelenie v 1981. v Leningrade virusov grippa A s antigennoi formuloi (H0N1), rodstvennykh shtammu A/PR8/34.

wo strains of influenza A (H0N1) virus closely related to A/PR8/34 virus were isolated from the cerebrospinal fluid of children suffering from a disease diagnosed as purulent meningitis. Apart from similarities. Marked differences of the new strains from the laboratory A/PR8/34 virus were found which rules out the association of the isolates with contamination with the laboratory strains. Examinations of paired sera from the children, sources of the isolates, revealed no rise in titres of antihemagglutinating antibodies but established a 4-8-fold rise of titres of antineuraminidase antibodies to the A/PR8/34 virus which attests to infection of these children with influenza H0N1 viruses.

[Dynamics of change in the antibacterial activity of mouse peritoneal cells during the development of experimental influenzal infection]. / Dinamika izmeneniia antibakterial'noi aktivnocti peritoneal'nykh kletok myshei pri razvitii éksperimental'noi grippoznoi infektsii.

The method of the radiometric determination of the antibacterial activity of peritoneal cells in the process of the development of viral infection has been approved. The genetically determined specific level of the antibacterial activity of these cells in different strains of mice has been established. The development of the lethal form of experimental influenza A in mice has been shown to be accompanied by the mobilization of nonspecific protective factors, including the system of interferons and the antibacterial activity of peritoneal cells. The latter factor is, seemingly, insufficient for ensuring the necessary level of protection in the animals, whose death occurs at a shorter time than that necessary for the development of specific immune response.

[Effect of immobilization stress on the course of experimental influenza infection and the process of interferon formation]. / Vliianie immobilizatsionnogo stressa na techenie éksperimental'noi grippoznoi infektsii i protsess interferonoobrazovaniia.

The experimental data on the peculiar features of interferon production in C57BL/6 mice, infected with the lethal dose of influenza virus and simultaneously subjected to the action of a stress factor, are presented. Immobilization stress was found to exert pronounced influence on the interferon-producing system of the body, which was manifested by the appearance of alpha interferon in a titer of up to 1:80 in the blood of intact animals. 6-hour immobilization preceding infection did not accelerate the development of the lethal from of influenza infection, but sharply suppressed the viral induction of the synthesis of interferon.

[Analysis of interactions between influenza virus and murine serum proteins in non-infected and infected mice]. / Analiz vzaimodeistviia virusa grippa s belkami myshinoi syvorotki krovi neinfitsirovannykh i infitsirovannykh myshei.

The presence of proteins in the blood of intact mice of various lines which could form complexes of various stability with influenza virus and have antigen determinants common with mouse IgG was demonstrated. These proteins were different from mouse IgG and their molecular weight was 100-200 and 40-80 kD. The authors described quantitative changes in the studied proteins during simulated influenza as well as under the effect of ionol (antioxidant) administration. The study permitted the assumption that blood serum proteins of intact mice participate in the infection progression and are significant for its prognosis.

[Post-stress disorders of resistance of mice to recurrent infection by homologous influenza virus]. / Poststressornoe narushenie ustoichivosti myshei k povtornomu zarazheniiu gomologichnym virusom grippa.

A decrease in the mouse resistance to reinfection by influenza virus under the effect of immobilization stress was depicted. Violation in the formation of a long-term resistance to a repeated disease ran in the presence of the high levels of circulating anti-influenza antibodies and not ++always correlated with a post-stress impairment of the formation of antigen-reactive clones of cells in the spleen of primarily infected mice. Prophylactic administration of ionol which prevented a post-stress aggravation of the primary influenza infection failed to produce a favourable effect on the immunity in case of reinfection.

[Factors of antiviral resistance in the pathogenesis of influenza in mice]. / Faktory protivovirusnoi ustoichivosti v patogeneze grippoznoi infektsii myshei.

Findings of original research on the factors of nonspecific resistance (interferon formation, antibacterial activity of peritoneal exudate cells, and natural cytotoxicity of splenocytes) and immunity (changes in sub-populational composition of spleen lymphocytes) in different types of influenza in mice are analysed. There was no infection-mediated suppression of the studied reactions, that could have been considered as a cause of death or a basis for immunodeficiency status. The correlation of the level of cerebral lipid peroxidation in mice with severe infection formed the basis for testing the synthetic antioxidant ionol as an anti-influenza agent. A prophylactic effect of ionol toward the development of influenza infection has been obtained. Its possible actions and the feasibility of search for prophylactic and therapeutic preparations among the agents with pathogenetic action is discussed.

[Study of biological equilibrium in the body in viral infection of different degree of severity (on the model of influenza)]. / Biologicheskoe ravnovesie v organizme pri virusnoi infektsii raznoi tiazhesti (na modeli grippa).

The authors made a comparative analysis of the contribution to the outcome of the disease by realization of information of viral genome and host responses in the time-course of simulated lethal and nonlethal mice influenza. They studied the effect of ionol, pathogenetic antioxidant, prevention and depicted absolutely new features of the diseases severity and outlined possible points of effective drug application. The suggested scheme of the time-course measurement of viral involvement of the host body and the formation of its responses could be recommended in the study of mechanisms of the viral infection development and the activity of antiviral agents.

[Pathogenetic mechanisms of stress-induced aggravation of experimental influenza and its prevention]. / Patogeneticheskie mekhanizmy stressovogo usugubleniia éksperimental'noi grippoznoi infektsii i ego preduprezhdenie.

It was stated that in stress-induced aggravation of infection realized in transformation of nonlethal patterns of infection into a lethal one there occurred a manifest dysfunction of hypothalamo-hypophyseal-neurosecretory performance (HHNS) featured by a 2-fold decrease in the blood vasopressin and an essential elevation of the hypothalamic one. The phenomenon is being suggestive of a possible blockage in the hormonal discharge into circulation and the limitation of its participation in the development of defensive and compensatory reactions. Identical HHNS dysfunction was noted in the lethal pattern of the infection. The authors formulated the concept of the main pathogenetic points underlying the damage of vegetative regulation centres. Mechanisms of viral and tissue metabolic damage of CNS were revealed. The authors substantiated the advisability and prospective use+ of antioxidants as applied to the prevention of severe course of influenza and its complications in extremely aggravated patterns.