[Antibacterial Susceptibility Patterns of Bloodstream Isolates in 74 HIV-Infected Patients Hospitalized at the Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of Fann University Hospital, Dakar from 2013 to 2016]. / Profils de Sensibilité aux Antibactériens des Isolats Sanguins Chez 74 Patients Infectés Par le VIH Hospitalisés à la Clinique des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales du Chu de Fann, Dakar de 2013 à 2016.

Introduction: Bacteremia is associated with high lethality in HIV-infected patients. The widespread use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis and misuse of antibiotics promote antibacterial resistance. Only few studies have considered this issue in HIV-infected patients. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the etiology and antibacterial susceptibility patterns of bloodstream isolates in patient living with HIV. Material and methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional and descriptive study conducted at the clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases of Fann university hospital from March 2013 to December 2016. Data were collected from patients' files according to a pre-establish survey form made of demographic, clinical, bacteriological and biological parameters. Results: Seventy-four cases of bacteremia were registered, 51.4% of which in women. Participants' median age was 45 years old [18-73 years old] and average CD4 count 83.3 cells/µl. The most commonly isolated bacteria were coagulase negative staphylococci (14%) followed by Escherichia coli (10%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (10%). Rates of methicillin resistance for coagulase negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus were 35.7% (5/14) and 22% (2/9), respectively. The most frequent ESBL producing germs were Escherichia coli 50% (5/10), Klebsiella pneumoniae 40% (4/10) and Enterobacter sp 25% (2/8). Pseudomonas sp were the most (22.2%) germs resistant to carbapenems. Conclusion: The result of this study advocates the need for ongoing surveillance of antibacterial resistance in HIV-infected patients and empirical antibiotic therapy based on surveillance data.

Spectral trimming technique: a new approach for suppressing motion artefacts in stress electrocardiography.

Motion artefacts in electrocardiographic (ECG) signal are suppressed mainly by adaptive noise cancellation and wavelet denoising. While the former requires a motion sensor in addition to ECG electrodes, the latter removes some of the desired low-frequency components in the signal. In this paper spectral trimming technique is being introduced for suppressing the motion artefacts in stress electrocardiography. In this method, Fourier spectral coefficients up to 1.221 Hz of noisy signal are trimmed on the basis of template derived from resting ECG signal in the same subject. The proposed spectral trimming technique has yielded the lowest value of mean ± standard deviation for root mean square error (18.92 ± 8.71) and highest value of the signal to noise ratio (6.439 ± 4.266) as compared to other three methods, namely adaptive noise cancellation, wavelet decomposition and adaptive line enhancement with compatible value of correlation coefficient. Subsequently, spectral trimming technique has been implemented in real-time (deferred by 8.2 s) application for stress electrocardiography. Spectral trimming technique thus offers a method of choice for motion artefact suppression in offline as well as deferred online applications. This method takes care of the limitations of conventional methods such as adaptive noise cancellation or wavelet denoising for suppressing motion artefacts in stress electrocardiography.