Prospective Comparison of Geriatric Assessment and Provider's Assessment of Older Adults With Metastatic Breast Cancer in the Community.

BACKGROUND: Geriatric assessment (GA) is recommended for evaluating fitness of an older adult with cancer. Our objective was to prospectively evaluate the gaps that exist in the assessment of older adults with metastatic breast cancer (OA-MBC) in community practices (CP). METHODS: Self-administered GA was compared to provider's assessment (PA) of patients living with MBC aged ≥65 years treated in CP Providers were blinded to the GA results until PA was completed. McNemar's test was used to detect differences between PA and GA. RESULTS: One hundred patients were enrolled across 9 CP (median age 73.9). Geriatric assessment detected a total of 356 abnormalities in 96 patients; of which, 223 required interventions. African American and widowed/single patients were more likely to have abnormalities identified by GA. On average, across 100 patients, PA did not detect 25.5% of GA-detected abnormalities, mostly in functional status, social support, nutrition, and cognition. These differences were less pronounced among providers with more clinical experience. Patients with abnormal Timed Up and Go tests more likely had additional abnormalities in other domains, and more abnormalities that were not identified by PA. Providers were "surprised" by GA results in 33% of cases, mainly with cognitive or social support findings, and reported plans for management change for 39% of patients based on GA findings. CONCLUSIONS: Including a GA in the care of OA-MBC in CP is beneficial for the detection of multiple abnormalities not detected by routine PA.

Safety of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and malignant ureteric obstruction.

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether patients with carcinoma invading bladder muscle (MIBC) and ureteric obstruction can safely receive cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (C-NAC), and to determine whether such patients require relief of obstruction with a ureteric stent or percutaneous nephrostomy prior to beginning C-NAC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis of MIBC patients receiving C-NAC and falling into three groups: no ureteric obstruction (NO); relieved ureteric obstruction (RO); and unrelieved ureteric obstruction (URO). To address whether patients with obstruction can safely receive C-NAC, we compared patients with NO to those with RO, with the primary outcome of premature chemotherapy discontinuation. To investigate whether patients with obstruction should have the obstruction relieved prior to NAC, we compared RO to URO patients using a primary composite outcome of grade ≥ 3 adverse events, premature chemotherapy discontinuation, dose reduction, or dose interruption. The primary outcomes were compared using multivariable logistic regression. Sensitivity analyses were performed for the RO vs URO comparison, in which patients with only mild degrees of obstruction were excluded from the URO group. RESULTS: A total of 193 patients with NO, 49 with RO, and 35 with URO were analysed. There were no statistically significant differences between those with NO and those with RO in chemotherapy discontinuation (15% vs 22%; P = 0.3) or any secondary outcome. There was no statistically significant difference between those with RO and URO in the primary composite outcome (51% vs 53%; P = 1) or any secondary outcome. CONCLUSION: Patients with ureteric obstruction can safely receive C-NAC. Relief of obstruction was not associated with increased safety of C-NAC delivery.

The influence of emotion regulation and family involvement on diabetes distress among adults with type 2 diabetes.

Adults with diabetes frequently experience diabetes related distress, which is associated with negative health outcomes. Family members are commonly involved in patients' diabetes self-management. However, family involvement can have helpful and/or harmful effects on patients' diabetes outcomes. Use of interpersonal strategies to regulate negative emotions may play a role in patients' interactions with family members and experience of diabetes distress. This study examined the influences of interpersonal emotion regulation and family and friend involvement on diabetes distress among 373 adults with type 2 diabetes. Two separate three-step sequential linear regression models were used to test the main and interactive effects of harmful and helpful family involvement and interpersonal emotion regulation on diabetes distress. Greater use of interpersonal strategies to regulate negative emotions (p = .006) and greater harmful family involvement (p < .001) were significantly associated with greater diabetes distress. Interpersonal emotion regulation moderated the relationship of helpful (p = .007), but not harmful (p = .171) family involvement on diabetes distress. Specifically, greater helpful family involvement was associated with lower diabetes distress among adults with low (p = .017) but not high (p = .419) use of interpersonal strategies to regulate negative emotions. Helpful family involvement appears to be associated with lower diabetes distress, but only among patients with low levels of interpersonal emotion regulation.

Efficacy of Split Schedule Versus Conventional Schedule Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.

Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (NAC; 70 mg/m2) is standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (MIBC). Many patients (pts) cannot receive cisplatin because of renal impairment, and administration of cisplatin 35 mg/m2 on day 1 + 8 or 1 + 2 (i.e., split schedule) is a commonly used alternative. In this retrospective analysis, we compared complete (pT0) and partial (

Distress and Financial Distress in Adults With Cancer: An Age-Based Analysis.

Background: Although financial distress is commonly recognized in patients with cancer, it may be more prevalent in younger adults. This study sought to evaluate disparities in overall and financial distress in patients with cancer as a function of age. Methods: This was a single-center cross-sectional study of patients with solid malignancies requiring cancer therapy. The patient questionnaire included demographics, financial concerns, and measures of overall and financial distress. Data analyses compared patients in 3 age groups: young (<50 years), middle-aged (50-64 years), and elderly (≥65 years). Results: The cohort included 119 patients (median age, 62 years; 52% female; 84% white; 100% insured; 36% income ≥$75,000). Significant financial concerns included paying rent/mortgage (P=.003) and buying food (P=.032). Impact of Event Scale (IES) results revealed significant distress in 73% young, 64% middle-aged, and 44% elderly patients. The mean Distress Thermometer (DT) score was 6.1 (standard deviation [SD], 2.9) for young patients, 5.4 (SD, 2.6) for middle-aged, and 4.4 (SD, 3.3) for elderly patients. Young patients were more likely than elderly patients to have a higher IES distress score (P=.016) and DT score (P=.048). The mean InCharge score was lowest (indicating greatest financial distress) in the young group and progressed with age: 5.0 (SD, 1.9), 5.7 (SD, 2.7), and 7.4 (SD, 1.9), respectively (P<.001). Multivariable analyses revealed that the relationship between financial distress and overall distress was strongest in the middle-age group; as the DT increased by 1 point, the InCharge scores decreased by 0.52 (P<.001). Conclusions: Overall and financial distress are more common in young and middle-aged patients with cancer. There are several factors, including employment, insurance, access to paid sick leave, children, and education, that affect younger and middle-aged adults and are less of a potential stressor for elderly individuals.

Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Accelerated Methotrexate, Vinblastine, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer: A Retrospective Age-stratified Analysis on Safety and Efficacy.

BACKGROUND: The standard of care (SOC) for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) includes cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy in the neoadjuvant setting followed by radical cystectomy. Older patients often do not receive SOC due to perceived toxicity concerns despite guideline-directed recommendations. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, adriamycin, and cisplatin (aMVAC) in MIBC patients as a function of age. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A retrospective analysis was conducted in 186 MIBC patients treated at Fox Chase Cancer Center between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2018. Adults with histologically proven muscle-invasive urothelial cancer were eligible. The exclusion criteria included nonurothelial histology, lack of muscularis propria invasion, and primary upper tract or metastatic disease. INTERVENTION: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with aMVAC. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Patients were stratified by age (<65, 65-74, and >75 yr old). Renal function was assessed at baseline and at time points after treatment. Clinicopathologic variables were compared between age groups to determine efficacy. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: There were no statistically significant differences in dose reductions, treatment interruptions, time to surgery, or adverse events when patients were stratified by age in univariate and multivariate analyses. Full safety data were not available due to the retrospective nature of the study. Baseline renal function was significantly worse among older patients, and the percent decline in creatinine clearance was greater with older age. We found comparable efficacy of aMVAC regardless of age. CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated MVAC was safe and demonstrated efficacy in MIBC irrespective of age in this single-center, retrospective study. Careful selection based on clinical variables, and not age, should identify patients able to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy. PATIENT SUMMARY: We examined the feasibility of the standard cisplatin-based chemotherapy regimen given prior to surgery in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Elderly patients experienced a greater decline in kidney function with treatment but not more complications than younger patients and tolerated therapy with minimal dose changes, resulting in benefit regardless of age.

Psychosocial needs of older patients with metastatic breast cancer treated at community centers.

INTRODUCTION: Psychosocial status contributes to overall quality of life (QOL) for patients with cancer as psychosocial distress is commonly seen in this population. We sought to describe the psychosocial needs of older adults with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated in the community. We evaluated the correlation between the patient's psychosocial status and the presence of other geriatric abnormalities in this patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a secondary analysis of a completed study evaluating older adults (≥65 years) with MBC treated at community practices who received a geriatric assessment (GA). This analysis evaluated psychosocial factors collected during GA, including depression assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), perceived social support (SS) assessed by Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS), and objective social supportassessed by demographic variables (living situation and marital status). Perceived SS was further subdivided into tangible social support (TSS) and emotional social support (ESS). Kruskal-Wallis tests, Wilcoxon tests, and Spearman's correlations were used to assess the relationship between psychosocial factors, patient characteristics, and geriatric abnormalities. RESULTS: One hundred older patients with MBC were enrolled and completed GA with a median age of 73 years (65-90). Almost half of the participants (47%) were either single, divorced, or widowed and 38% lived alone, demonstrating a significant number of patients with objective social support deficits. Patients with HER2+ or triple negative MBC had lower overall SS scores compared to patients with ER/PR+ or HER2- MBC (p = 0.033). Patients on fourth line of therapy were more likely to screen positive for depression compared to patients on earlier lines of therapy (p = 0.047). About half (51%) of the patients indicated at least one SS deficit on the MOS. A higher GDS and lower MOS score correlated with greater total GA abnormalities (p = 0.016). Evidence of depression correlated with poor functional status, decreased cognition, and a high number of co-morbidities (p < 0.005). Abnormalities in functional status, cognition, and high GDS are associated with lower ESS (p = 0.025,0.031,0.006 respectively). DISCUSSION: Psychosocial deficits are common among older adults with MBC treated in the community and are associated with the presence of other geriatric abnormalities. These deficits require a thorough evaluation and management to optimize treatment outcomes.

Chemotherapy use and survival in older adults with metastatic pancreatic cancer in the combination therapy era.

BACKGROUND: While a number of landmark clinical trials have led to the approval of combination chemotherapy regimens for metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPC), older patients are underrepresented in these studies. We evaluated changes in practice patterns in the management of mPC among medical oncologists in the combination chemotherapy era (CCE). METHODS: A retrospective analysis of patients treated at a tertiary cancer center between 2000 and 2015 was conducted. The cohort was divided into two groups (Pre-CCE, diagnosed with mPC between 2000 and 2009 and Post-CCE, diagnosed between 2010 and 2015). Fisher's exact test was used to compare categorical variables. Univariate (UVA) and multivariate analyses (MVA) were conducted to determine the impact of treatment and prognostic variables on survival. RESULTS: 473 older patients with mPC were identified. Post-CCE, there were statistically significant increases in the use of chemotherapy (p < .005). While usage of gemcitabine was similar between groups, use of fluoropyrimidines, platinum, taxanes, and irinotecan increased Post-CCE. Use of chemotherapy conferred a modest but significant survival benefit (5 months Pre-CCE versus 6 months Post-CCE, p < .005). UVA and MVA showed significantly improved survival when older patients were treated with 2 or more chemotherapeutic agents. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the limited data available to guide clinicians on optimal usage of these treatments in older patients, medical oncology practice patterns for mPC have changed at an academic cancer center. Increases in chemotherapy use seems to confer a small survival benefit. Additional prospective data in older patients is necessary to improve our management of older patients with mPC.

Relationships Among Financial Distress, Emotional Distress, and Overall Distress in Insured Patients With Cancer.

PURPOSE: Recent studies have demonstrated increasing rates of financial toxicities and emotional distress related to cancer treatment. This study assessed and characterized the relationships among financial distress, emotional symptoms, and overall distress in patients with cancer. METHODS: A cross-sectional sample of patients with cancer who visited our outpatient medical oncology and psychiatry clinics completed a pen-and-paper survey. The survey assessed demographics; cost concerns; and financial, emotional, and overall distress. RESULTS: One hundred twenty insured patients completed the survey. Sixty-five percent reported clinically significant overall distress scores, with the same percentage reporting at least one emotional problem (worry, anxiety, depression, etc). Twenty-nine percent scored in the range of high to overwhelming financial distress. By using structural equation modeling, we found that financial distress was associated with overall distress. This association was both direct (accounting for 76% of the effect) and indirect (accounting for 24% of the effect) via mediation by emotional distress. CONCLUSION: This cohort of patients with cancer reported significant levels of emotional distress, financial distress, and overall distress. These factors were interrelated, with both financial and emotional distress contributing to overall distress. Interventions targeted at alleviating financial distress may help to decrease levels of overall distress.

Patterns of care and outcomes of older versus younger patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer: A Fox Chase Cancer Center experience.

BACKGROUND: Older patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) are poorly represented in clinical trials. We compared patterns of care and outcomes of patients with mPC < and >65 yrs (Group 1 and Group 2, respectively) treated at Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC) to identify predictors of survival and better understand the treatment approaches. METHODS: Charts of 579 patients with mPC treated at FCCC from 2000 to 2010 were reviewed. Group 1 and Group 2 were compared with respect to baseline, treatment characteristics, and overall survival (OS) after diagnosis of metastatic disease. RESULTS: 299 patients in Group 1 (median age 57) and 280 patients in Group 2 (median age 73) were evaluated. Patients in Group 2 were less likely to receive any chemotherapy for mPC compared to Group 1 (65% vs 75%, p=0.001) and if treated were less likely to receive more than one agent (37% vs 53%, p<0.001). Survival was comparable between the two groups (p=0.16) and Charlson Co-morbidity Index did not emerge as a prognostic factor. Longer OS was associated with higher number of agents used in both groups (p<0.001). Liver metastases conferred worse survival (p=0.02) while lung metastases conferred better survival in both groups (p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Older mPC patients are less likely to receive chemotherapy and receive fewer agents yet have similar OS compared to younger patients. OS improves with increasing number of agents, supporting the use of combination chemotherapy in healthy older patients. Our findings encourage enrollment of older patients with mPC with good performance status onto clinical trials with stratification by site of metastases.