Prevalence of and risk factors for penile infection by high-risk human papillomavirus among men infected with HIV.

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) genital infection and precursor lesions of penile cancer among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In total, 276 men with a mean age of 34.6 years were included. All participants were subjected to peniscopic examination under magnification, collection of genital exfoliated cells for detecting HPV types using Hybrid Capture, and biopsy surgery of clinically observable lesions and aceto-white areas for histopathological studies. The prevalence of high-risk HPV types was 43%. Peniscopicy showed clinically visible lesions or aceto-white areas in 75/276 participants (27%), of which genital warts were the most common (22/75; 29%). HIV-positive (HIV(+) ) men with CD4(+) T-cell counts <200 cells/mm(3) showed a higher prevalence of penile lesions. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to identify independent risk factors for high-risk HPV types. The results showed that high-risk HPV was associated with lower education level (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.15-3.13), illicit drug use (OR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.03-3.14), mulatto ethnicity (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.38-4.54), heterosexual orientation (OR = 2.12, 95% CI: 1.30-3.47) symptomatic AIDS (OR = 2.80, 95% CI: 1.65-4.77), AIDS-associated opportunistic infections (OR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.78-4.78), on HAART (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.78-4.77), and CD4(+) T-cell count <200 cells/mm(3) (OR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.84-5.96). Immunocompromised men were more susceptible to developing penile lesions associated with high-risk HPV types.

Clinical and laboratorial study of HPV infection in men infected with HIV.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of precursor lesions of penile cancer, to establish the concordance of diagnostic techniques (PCR, Hybrid Capture (HC) and peniscopy with acetic acid 5%) in the diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) of the penis of men infected with HIV and to evaluate the influence of the immune status. PATIENTS, METHODS AND RESULTS: 276 men were studied, with a median age of 34.6 years. Prevalence of High Risk HPV, Low Risk HPV and infection with both, according to HC, was 43%, 32% and 22%, respectively. PCR showed 50% of positivity for HPV DNA. Peniscopy was positive in 27% of individuals. Peniscopy showed good specificity and low sensitivity for the detection of penile HPV, and low concordance with PCR. Men with white lesions had a 3.6 higher relative risk of positivity for HPV. The most common clinical lesion observed was vegetation, identified in 29% of patients. PCR and HC techniques showed high sensitivity for HPV DNA and there was an excellent correlation between them. Immunosuppressed individuals with CD4 < 200 cells/mm(3) had the highest prevalence of premalignant lesions that were observed in 10% of the studied individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Peniscopy was important for identification and treatment of subclinical lesions. PCR and HC techniques were sensitive methods for the detection of HPV DNA with high concordance. Severely immunosuppressed individuals showed a higher prevalence of pre-malignant lesions of the penis.

Clinical and laboratorial study of HPV infection in men infected with HIV

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of precursor lesions of penile cancer, to establish the concordance of diagnostic techniques (PCR, Hybrid Capture (HC) and peniscopy with acetic acid 5%) in the diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) of the penis of men infected with HIV and to evaluate the influence of the immune status. PATIENTS, METHODS AND RESULTS: 276 men were studied, with a median age of 34.6 years. Prevalence of High Risk HPV, Low Risk HPV and infection with both, according to HC, was 43%, 32% and 22%, respectively. PCR showed 50% of positivity for HPV DNA. Peniscopy was positive in 27% of individuals. Peniscopy showed good specificity and low sensitivity for the detection of penile HPV, and low concordance with PCR. Men with white lesions had a 3.6 higher relative risk of positivity for HPV. The most common clinical lesion observed was vegetation, identified in 29% of patients. PCR and HC techniques showed high sensitivity for HPV DNA and there was an excellent correlation between them. Immunosuppressed individuals with CD4< 200 cells/mm3 had the highest prevalence of pre-malignant lesions that were observed in 10% of the studied individuals. CONCLUSIONS: Peniscopy was important for identification and treatment of subclinical lesions. PCR and HC techniques were sensitive methods for the detection of HPV DNA with high concordance. Severely immunosuppressed individuals showed a higher prevalence of pre-malignant lesions of the penis.