Effect of combined paracetamol and dexamethasone vs. paracetamol on postoperative nausea vomiting after cesarean section.

OBJECTIVES: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are common symptoms after cesarean delivery (CD) that affect patients outcomes and satisfaction. The treatment of choice is still evolving, therefore, we aimed to evaluate PONV of combined paracetamol-dexamethasone vs. paracetamol alone. METHODS: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial on 100 patients undergoing cesarean delivery. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups of paracetamol or combined paracetamol-dexamethasone. Nausea and vomiting score, VAS score of pain, and chill were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The result of this study found that mild nausea 2nd h after surgery in the combined group was lesser than paracetamol group (0.03). However, there was no statistically significant difference in nausea and vomiting score in other periods of time between the two groups. VAS score of pain decreased 12th and 6th h after the surgery in the combined and paracetamol group, respectively. Chilling occurred in two patients of combined group and four patients of paracetamol group (p=0.432). CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone added to paracetamol might not improve pain and vomiting after cesarean delivery comparison with just paracetamol. But it can be effective for reducing the score of nausea after the surgery.

The effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on parameters of glucose homeostasis and lipid profiles in patients with gestational diabetes.

BACKGROUND: Magnesium and vitamin E are known to exert multiple beneficial effects, such as anti-glycemic and anti-lipidemic properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation on metabolic status of women with gestational diabetes (GDM). METHODS: This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted among 60 subjects diagnosed with GDM, aged 18-40 years. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to receive 250 mg/day magnesium oxide plus 400 IU/day vitamin E supplements or placebo (n = 30 each group) for 6 weeks. Participants' blood samples were taken to determine their metabolic profiles. RESULTS: Subjects who received magnesium plus vitamin E supplements had significantly lower fasting plasma glucose (ß - 5.20 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 7.88, - 2.52; P = 0.002), serum insulin levels (ß - 2.93 µIU/mL; 95% CI, - 5.68, - 0.18; P = 0.02) and homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (ß - 0.78; 95% CI, - 1.42, - 0.14; P = 0.01), and higher quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (ß 0.01; 95% CI, 0.005, 0.02; P = 0.002) compared with placebo. In addition, magnesium plus vitamin E supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in serum triglycerides (ß - 50.31 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 67.58, - 33.04; P < 0.001), VLDL- (ß - 10.06 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 13.51, - 6.60; P < 0.001), total- (ß - 26.10 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 41.88, - 10.33; P = 0.004), LDL- (ß - 15.20 mg/dL; 95% CI, - 29.50, - 0.91; P = 0.03) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (ß - 0.46; 95% CI, - 0.72, - 0.19; P < 0.001) compared with placebo. Magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation did not affect HDL-cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, magnesium and vitamin E co-supplementation for 6 weeks in women with GDM significantly improved glycemic control and lipid profiles, except for HDL-cholesterol levels. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://www.irct.ir : IRCT20170513033941N24.

The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Status of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Data on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status of patients with PCOS. This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 70 vitamin D-deficient (serum concentrations<20 ng/ml) women with phenotype B-PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups to take either 50 000 IU vitamin D (n=35) or placebo (n=35) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Metabolic, endocrine, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified at the beginning of the study and after 12-week intervention. After the 12-week intervention, compared to the placebo, vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (-3.1±7.3 vs. +0.5±6.3 mg/dl, p=0.02), insulin (-1.4±3.6 vs. +2.6±7.0 µIU/ml, p=0.004), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (-0.3±0.8 vs. +0.6±1.6, p=0.003), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated B cell function (-4.9±13.4 vs. +9.9±26.9, p=0.005), and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01±0.01 vs. -0.02±0.05, p=0.007). Supplementation with vitamin D also led to significant reductions in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-0.7±1.4 vs. +0.5±2.1 µg/mL, p=0.009) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (-0.1±0.5 vs. +0.9±2.1 µmol/l, p=0.01) compared to the placebo. Overall, vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks in vitamin D-deficient women with phenotype B-PCOS had beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis parameters, hs-CRP, and MDA.

Effect of Two Different Doses of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Insulin-Resistant Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 2 different doses of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles of insulin-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 90 insulin-resistant patients with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria aged 18-40 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups to receive either 4 000 IU of vitamin D (n=30) or 1 000 IU of vitamin D (n=30) or placebo (n=30) per day for 12 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation (4 000 IU), compared with vitamin D (1 000 IU) and placebo, led to reduced fasting plasma glucose (-4.3±8.6 vs. -4.7±7.1 and +0.1±6.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.02), serum insulin concentrations (-2.7±2.7 vs. -1.4±4.2 and -0.1±4.1 µIU/ml, respectively, p=0.02), and HOMA-IR (-0.6±0.6 vs. -0.4±1.0 and -0.1±0.9, respectively, p=0.02). In addition, we found significant decreases in mean change of serum triglycerides (-10.3±7.3 vs. -3.6±14.5 and +6.9±23.8 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.001), VLDL- (-2.0±1.5 vs. -0.7±2.9 and +1.4±4.8 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.001), total- (-14.0±9.5 vs. -6.2±24.0 and +7.1±29.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.002), LDL- (-10.8±8.3 vs. -5.7±21.9 and +6.8±28.2 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.005), and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (-0.2±0.3 vs. -0.1±0.6 and +0.2±0.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.003) in the high-dose vitamin D group compared with low-dose vitamin D and placebo groups. Overall, vitamin D supplementation at a dosage of 4 000 IU/day for 12 weeks in insulin-resistant patients with PCOS had beneficial effects of glucose metabolism and lipid profiles compared with 1 000 IU/day of vitamin D and placebo groups.

Comparison of Topical and Subcutaneous Bupivacaine Infiltration with Subcutaneous Ketamine on Postoperative Pain in Total Abdominal Hysterectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Hysterectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures. Problems such as severe pelvic pain, irregular or heavy bleeding and uterine cancer from those that may be used to treat them no choice but to remove the uterus by surgery. Abdominal pain after abdominal hysterectomy, the most common complaints of patients undergoing this type of surgery is considered. AIM: This study aimed to compare the effects of bupivacaine into the subcutaneous tissue and skin ketamine for pain control after surgery in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy was performed under general anesthesia. METHODS: This study is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial involving 99 women scheduled for TAH referred to tertiary centers was performed. Group A: 5 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine into the subcutaneous tissue and, Group II: 100 mg ketamine skin and subcutaneous tissue with cc5 volume injection, groups of three: cc5 distilled water was injected into the subcutaneous tissue and. The average duration of analgesia and pain and pain score were recorded. RESULTS: The average duration of analgesia in group K 65.1±8.8, in the bupivacaine group 65.4±8.7 and in the placebo group 57.6±5.5, which, according to P Value≤0.01 is a significant difference between the three groups were observed, so that the pain in the placebo group for a significant period of ketamine and bupivacaine groups is lower, while that between ketamine and bupivacaine in terms of the average duration of analgesia was no significant difference not. CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that the use of bupivacaine and ketamine effective in reducing postoperative pain in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy tissue and further doses of ketamine and bupivacaine single dose resulted in a significant reduction of postoperative pain patients were compared to the placebo group.

Magnesium-Zinc-Calcium-Vitamin D Co-supplementation Improves Hormonal Profiles, Biomarkers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

Data on the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress in women with PCOS. Sixty PCOS women were randomized into two groups and treated with 100 mg magnesium, 4 mg zinc, 400 mg calcium plus 200 IU vitamin D supplements (n = 30), or placebo (n = 30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress were assessed at baseline and at end-of-treatment. After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation resulted in significant reductions in hirsutism (-2.4 ± 1.2 vs. -0.1 ± 0.4, P < 0.001), serum high sensitivity C-reactive protein (-0.7 ± 0.8 vs. +0.2 ± 1.8 mg/L, P < 0.001), and plasma malondialdehyde (-0.4 ± 0.3 vs. +0.2 ± 1.0 µmol/L, P = 0.01), and a significant increase in plasma total antioxidant capacity concentrations (+46.6 ± 66.5 vs. -7.7 ± 130.1 mmol/L, P = 0.04). We failed to find any significant effect of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on free androgen index, and other biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Overall, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation for 12 weeks among PCOS women had beneficial effects on hormonal profiles, biomarkers of inflammation, and oxidative stress.

A Trial on The Effects of Magnesium-Zinc-Calcium-Vitamin D Co-Supplementation on Glycemic Control and Markers of Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

BACKGROUND: There is scarce data on the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk among women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The objective of this study was to assess the effects of magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation on glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk in women with PCOS. METHODS: Sixty PCOS women were randomized into two groups and treated with 100 mg of magnesium, 4 mg of zinc, 400 mg of calcium plus 200 IU of vitamin D supplements (n = 30) or placebo (n = 30) twice a day for 12 weeks. Glycemic control and markers of cardio-metabolic risk were assessed at baseline and at the end of trial. RESULTS: After the 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation supplementation resulted in significant reductions in serum insulin levels (-1.9 ± 4.6 vs. +0.4 ± 2.8 µIU/mL, P = 0.01), and homeostatic model of assessment for insulin resistance (-0.4 ± 1.0 vs. +0.1 ± 0.6, P = 0.02), as well as a significant increase in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01 ± 0.02 vs. -0.0003 ± 0.01, P = 0.02). In addition, magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation significantly decreased serum triglycerides (-26.5 ± 42.9 vs. +8.9 ± 17.9 mg/dL, P < 0.001), VLDL-cholesterol concentrations (-5.3 ± 8.6 vs. +1.8 ± 3.6 mg/dL, P < 0.001), total cholesterol (-4.2 ± 30.7 vs. +11.1 ± 28.4 mg/dL, P = 0.04) and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (-0.04 ± 0.6 vs. +0.3 ± 0.9, P = 0.04) compared with the placebo. CONCLUSION: Overall, the results of this study demonstrated that magnesium-zinc-calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation for 12 weeks among patients with PCOS had beneficial effects on insulin metabolism and markers of cardio-metabolic risk.

Influencing factors in choosing delivery method: Iranian primiparous women's perspective.

BACKGROUND: Studies on the primiparous mothers' decision on delivery method are limited. AIM: The aim of his study was to determine the factors that influence the choice of delivery method by Iranian primiparous women. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in April through September 2014. Participants were 460 primiparous women in 8 hospitals of 4 cities in Iran. Finally, 230 cesarean section and 230 vaginal delivery women were selected. Inclusion criteria were being primiparous, and having no contraindication for vaginal delivery. Study tool was a researcher-developed questionnaire that its validity and reliability were proved. Data were gathered by direct interview and analyzed by SPSS version 16. RESULTS: Average age of the participants was 23 years. Factors that correlated with the choice of Cesarean section were upper education, high socioeconomic level, tendency of husband, living with the husband's family, insistence of the physician, receiving maternal care in personal offices, fear of delivery pain, low knowledge of the mother, high age of marriage and pregnancy, history of abortion, and lack of family support. More than 60% of the participants had little knowledge about the delivery methods. Satisfaction with cesarean section was 70% and with the vaginal delivery was 77%. Half of the cesareans were performed on the insistence of the physician. CONCLUSION: Considering the factors identified in this study, can enforce the intention of mothers to have vaginal delivery by improving their knowledge and perception about this delivery method.

Comparison of two ovarian malignancy prediction models based on age sonographic findings and serum CA125 measurement.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study is to compare an ovarian malignancy prediction model based on age and four sonographic findings (OMPS1) with a new model called OMPS2 which differs just by adding serum CA125 measurement to (OMPS1). METHODS: In a cross sectional comparative study OMPS1 was validated in 830 operated ovarian masses within a 3 years period (2006-2009). Logistic regression analysis was used to construct OMPS2 based on OMPS1 adding serum CA125 findings. The area under the curve for two models was compared in 411 patients. RESULTS: OMPS2 was calculated as follows: OMPS1 + 1.444 (if serum CA125= 36-200) or 3.842 (if serum CA125 is more than 200). AUC of OMPS2 was increased to 84.3% (CI 95% 78.1- 89.8) in comparison to OMPS1 with AUC of 78.1% (CI 95% 71.8-84.5). CONCLUSION: Our second model is more accurate in prediction of ovarian malignancy, compared with our first model.