Overcoming professional barriers encountered by women in interventional cardiology: an EAPCI statement.

Despite the increasing proportion of female medical and nursing students, there is still a significant under-representation of women working as healthcare providers in interventional cardiology, with very few of them reaching senior leadership, academic positions, or acting principal investigators, as well as actively involved in company advisory boards. In this position paper, we will describe the current status of women working in interventional cardiology across Europe. We will also provide an overview of the most relevant determinants of the under-representation of women at each stage of the interventional cardiology career path and offer practical suggestions for overcoming these challenges.

Use of a taurolidine containing antimicrobial wash to reduce cardiac implantable electronic device infection.

AIMS: TauroPace (Tauropharm, Bavaria Germany), a taurolidine solution for combating cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, was compared with a historical control of 3% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in a prospective observational study. METHODS AND RESULTS: The device pocket was irrigated, and all hardware accessible within (leads, suture sleeves, pulse generator) was wiped with H2O2, TauroPace, or taurolidine in a galenic formulation during any invasive CIED procedure at the study centre. Only CIED procedures covered by TauroPace or H2O2 from 1 January 2017 to 28 February 2022 were included for analysis. Patients who underwent >1 procedure were censored for the last treatment group and reassigned at the next procedure. The primary endpoint was major CIED infection within 3 months. The secondary endpoints were CIED infection beyond 3 months, adverse events potentially related to the antimicrobial solutions, CIED system, procedure, and death, till the end of follow-up. TauroPace covered 654 procedures on 631 patients, and H2O2 covered 551 procedures on 532 patients. The TauroPace group had more patient risk factors for infection than the H2O2 group (P = 0.0058) but similar device and procedure-specific risk factors (P = 0.17). Cardiac implantable electronic device infection occurred in 0/654 (0%) of the TauroPace group and 6/551 (1.1%) of the H2O2 group (P = 0.0075). Death occurred in 23/654 (3.5%) of the TauroPace group and 14/551 (2.5%) of the H2O2 group (P = 0.33). Non-infection related adverse events were rarer in the TauroPace (3.8%) than the H2O2 (6.0%) group (P = 0.0802). CONCLUSION: TauroPace is safe but more effective than H2O2 in reducing CIED infection. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05576194.

[ESC guidelines 2022 on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery : What is new?] / ESC-Leitlinie 2022 zum kardiovaskulären Assessment und Management von Patienten, die sich einer nichtkardiologischen Operation unterziehen : Was ist neu?

The new European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on the cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery were published in August 2022. In the preparation of the new document the previous guidelines published in 2014 were completely revised and the recommendations for action were adapted or renewed. Furthermore, the guidelines have been supplemented with some new chapters. The new and revised recommendations result in significant changes for the clinical practice. This particularly applies to the preoperative risk stratification, the perioperative risk management and the detection and management approaches in cases of perioperative and postoperative complications. Cardiovascular biomarkers play a special role in both the preoperative risk stratification and the detection of postoperative complications in combination with appropriate algorithms for action. The perioperative management of antithrombotic treatment (antiplatelet therapy or oral anticoagulation) is becoming increasingly individualized depending on the risk of ischemia or bleeding of the planned surgery. Particular attention is paid to the early detection of perioperative or postoperative myocardial infarctions based on determination of high-sensitivity (hs) cardiac troponin, not least because its association with high risk of morbidity and mortality. In patients with complex cardiovascular diseases, such as severe coronary artery disease, valvular heart diseases or those with ventricular support systems, the decision in an interdisciplinary team is highly recommended.

The year in cardiovascular medicine 2021: interventional cardiology.

Since last year's report in the European Heart Journal, we have witnessed substantial progress in all aspects of interventional cardiology. Of note, the practice of interventional cardiology took place amidst successive waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, which continues to be a major burden for all healthcare professionals around the globe. In our yearly review, we shall revisit the developments in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), structural heart interventions, and adjunctive pharmacotherapy.

Quality of life of patients with coronary heart disease treated with the bioresorbable vascular scaffold (ABSORB™): 2-year results from the GABI-R-registry.

BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have reported clinical endpoints following coronary revascularization using bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS), while information about the impact on health-related quality of life is sparse. In this analysis of the German-Austrian ABSORB RegIstRy, the 2 year results concerning quality of life development in a large cohort of patients treated with BVS were reported. METHODS: Data were collected at baseline as well as 30 days, 6 and 24 months after coronary revascularization using BVS. The EQ-5D score, EQ visual analogue scale (VAS) and Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) were determined for each time point. Patients were categorized according to the indication for coronary revascularization [acute coronary syndrome (ACS), stable angina pectoris (SAP), silent myocardial ischemia (SMI), or other]. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine factors that predict above-average scores two years after implantation. RESULTS: Data from 1317 patients in 88 centres were included. Reasons for revascularization were: ACS (n = 643), SAP (n = 443), SMI (n = 52), and other (n = 179). Mean EQ-5D was significantly increased after six months, while a value comparable to baseline was found two years after implantation. EQ VAS and four of five dimensions of SAQ were significantly improved over baseline at all follow-up surveys. Particularly strong improvements were seen in SAQ scores angina frequency and quality of life. Binary regressions showed different statistically significant predictors in the respective models. CONCLUSIONS: Following coronary revascularization with BVS strong decrease in self-reported angina frequency and increase of self-reported quality of life were observed with continuous improvements over two years of follow-up. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02066623.

Management of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a consensus document of the ESC Working Group on Thrombosis and the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI), in collaboration with the ESC Council on Valvular Heart Disease.

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is effective in older patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, while the indication has recently broadened to younger patients at lower risk. Although thromboembolic and bleeding complications after TAVI have decreased over time, such adverse events are still common. The recommendations of the latest 2017 ESC/EACTS Guidelines for the management of valvular heart disease on antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing TAVI are mostly based on expert opinion. Based on recent studies and randomized controlled trials, this viewpoint document provides updated therapeutic insights in antithrombotic treatment during and after TAVI.

Procedural myocardial injury, infarction and mortality in patients undergoing elective PCI: a pooled analysis of patient-level data.

AIMS: The prognostic importance of cardiac procedural myocardial injury and myocardial infarction (MI) in chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is still debated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analysed individual data of 9081 patients undergoing elective PCI with normal pre-PCI baseline cardiac troponin (cTn) levels. Multivariate models evaluated the association between post-PCI elevations in cTn and 1-year mortality, while an interval analysis evaluated the impact of the size of the myocardial injury on mortality. Our analysis was performed in the overall population and also according to the type of cTn used [52.0% had high-sensitivity cTn (hs-cTn)]. Procedural myocardial injury, as defined by the Fourth Universal Definition of MI (UDMI) [post-PCI cTn elevation ≥1 × 99th percentile upper reference limit (URL)], occurred in 52.8% of patients and was not associated with 1-year mortality [adj odds ratio (OR), 1.35, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.84-1.77), P = 0.21]. The association between post-PCI cTn elevation and 1-year mortality was significant starting ≥3 × 99th percentile URL. Major myocardial injury defined by post-PCI ≥5 × 99th percentile URL occurred in 18.2% of patients and was associated with a two-fold increase in the adjusted odds of 1-year mortality [2.29, 95% CI (1.32-3.97), P = 0.004]. In the subset of patients for whom periprocedural evidence of ischaemia was collected (n = 2316), Type 4a MI defined by the Fourth UDMI occurred in 12.7% of patients and was strongly associated with 1-year mortality [adj OR 3.21, 95% CI (1.42-7.27), P = 0.005]. We also present our results according to the type of troponin used (hs-cTn or conventional troponin). CONCLUSION: Our analysis has demonstrated that in CCS patients with normal baseline cTn levels, the post-PCI cTn elevation of ≥5 × 99th percentile URL used to define Type 4a MI is associated with 1-year mortality and could be used to detect 'major' procedural myocardial injury in the absence of procedural complications or evidence of new myocardial ischaemia.

Hybrid Surgery for Severe Mitral Valve Calcification: Limitations and Caveats for an Open Transcatheter Approach.

Background and Objectives: Mitral stenosis with extensive mitral annular calcification (MAC) remains surgically challenging in respect to clinical outcome. Prolonged surgery time with imminent ventricular rupture and systolic anterior motion can be considered as a complex of causal factors. The aim of our alternative hybrid approach was to reduce the risk of annual rupture and paravalvular leaks and to avoid obstruction of the outflow tract. A review of the current literature was also carried out. Materials and Methods: Six female patients (mean age 76 ± 9 years) with severe mitral valve stenosis and severely calcified annulus underwent an open implantation of an Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis on cardiopulmonary bypass. Our hybrid approach involved resection of the anterior mitral leaflet, placement of anchor sutures and the deployment of a balloon expanded prosthesis under visual control. Concomitant procedures were carried out in three patients. Results: The mean duration of cross-clamping was 95 ± 31 min and cardiopulmonary bypass was 137 ± 60 min. The perioperative TEE showed in three patients an inconspicuous, heart valve-typical gradient on all implanted prostheses and a clinically irrelevant paravalvular leakage occurred in the anterior annulus. In the left ventricular outflow tract, mild to moderately elevated gradients were recorded. No adverse cerebrovascular events and pacemaker implantations were observed. All but one patient survived to discharge. Survival at one year was 83.3%. Conclusions: This "off label" implantation of the Edwards Sapien 3 prosthesis may be considered as a suitable bail-out approach for patients at high-risk for mitral valve surgery or deemed inoperable due to extensive MAC.

Predictors of scaffold failure and impact of optimized scaffold implantation technique on outcome: Results from the German-Austrian ABSORB RegIstRy.

AIMS: We aimed to investigate predictors of scaffold failure and the potential impact of an optimized scaffold implantation technique by means of a learning curve on long-term clinical outcome after bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) implantation and to evaluate predictors of scaffold failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 3326 patients were included in this prospective, observational, multi-center study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02066623) of consecutive patients undergoing BRS implantation between November 2013 and January 2016. The 3144 patients completed follow-up after 24 months, 3265 patients were eligible for time-to-event-analysis. Clinical endpoints were major adverse cardiac events-a composite endpoint of death, target vessel revascularization and myocardial infarction, and scaffold thrombosis (ScT). Patients were grouped according to treatment before or since 2015. During follow-up MACE rate improved from 2.52% after 30 days, 5.45% after 6 months and 12.67% after 24 months to 1.52%, 3.44%, and 10.52%, respectively. A total of 75 ScT occurred. In multiple regression analysis, treatment of bifurcations, long lesions, and procedures performed earlier than 2014 were identified as predictors for the occurrence of ScT. CONCLUSION: Treatment of bifurcation lesions is the strongest predictor of ScT following BRS implantation. A significantly lower incidence of ScT and 24-month target lesion revascularization in patients recruited after 2014 into our observational registry suggests the influence of a learning curve.

Prevalence, predictors, and outcomes of patient prosthesis mismatch in women undergoing TAVI for severe aortic stenosis: Insights from the WIN-TAVI registry.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, predictors and outcomes of female patients with patient-prosthesis mismatch (PPM) following transcatheter aortic valve intervention (TAVI) for severe aortic stenosis (AS). BACKGROUND: Female AS TAVI recipients have a significantly lower mortality than surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) recipients, which could be attributed to the potentially lower PPM rates. TAVI has been associated with lower rates of PPM compared to SAVR. PPM in females post TAVI has not been investigated to date. METHODS: The WIN-TAVI (Women's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation) registry is a multicenter registry of women undergoing TAVR for severe symptomatic AS. Two hundred and fifty patients with detailed periprocedural and follow-up echocardiographic investigations were included in the WIN-TAVI echocardiographic sub-study. PPM was defined as per European guidelines stratified by the presence of obesity. RESULTS: The incidence of PPM in our population was 32.8%. Patients with PPM had significantly higher BMI (27.4 ± 6.1 vs. 25.2 ± 5.0, p = .002), smaller sized valves implanted (percentage of TAVI ≤23 mm 61% vs. 29.2%, PPM vs. no PPM, p < .001) and were more often treated with balloon expandable valves (48.3 vs. 32.5%, p < .001) rather than self expanding ones (26.3 vs. 52.8%, <.001). BMI (OR = 1.08; 95%CI 1.02-1.14, p = .011) and valve size ≤23 mm (OR = 3.00 95%CI 1.14-7.94, p = .027) were the only independent predictors of PPM. There was no significant interaction between valve size and valve type (p = .203). No significant differences were observed in 1-year mortality or major adverse cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: PPM in females undergoing TAVI occurs in one third of patients. BMI and valve size ≤23 mm are independent predictors. Larger registries are required to determine the impact of PPM on future clinical outcomes.

Incidence, predictors and clinical impact of permanent pacemaker insertion in women following transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Insights from a prospective multinational registry.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the incidence, predictors, and clinical impact of permanent pacemaker insertion (PPI) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in women. BACKGROUND: Data on pacemaker insertion complicating TAVR in women are scarce. METHODS: The Women's International Transcatheter Aortic Valve implantation (WIN-TAVI) is a prospective registry evaluating the safety and efficacy of TAVR in women. We included patients without preprocedural pacemakers and divided them into two groups: (1) PPI and (2) no-PPI. We identified PPI predictors using logistic regression and studied its clinical impact on the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-2 efficacy and safety endpoints. RESULTS: Out of 1019 patients, 922 were included in the analysis. Post-TAVR PPI occurred in 132 (14.3%) patients. Clinical and procedural characteristics were similar in both groups. Pre-existing right bundle branch block (RBBB) was associated with a high risk of post-TAVR PPI (OR 3.62, 95% CI 1.85-7.06, p < 0.001), while implantation of balloon-expandable prosthesis was associated with a lower risk (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.74, p < 0.001). Post-TAVR PPI prolonged in-hospital stay by a median of 2 days (11 [9-16] days in PPI vs. 9 [7-14] days in no-PPI, p = 0.005), yet risks of VARC-2 efficacy and safety endpoints at 1 year were similar in both groups (adj HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.60-1.52, p = 0.84 and adj HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.83-1.79, p = 0.31, respectively). CONCLUSION: Pacemaker implantation following TAVR is frequent among women and is associated with pre-existing RBBB and valve type. PPI prolongs hospital stay, albeit without any significant impact on 1-year outcomes.

Preprocedural anemia in females undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation: Insights from the WIN-TAVI registry.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of anemia on clinical outcomes in female patients enrolled in the Women's InterNational transcatheter aortic valve implantation (WIN-TAVI) registry. BACKGROUND: Anemia is highly prevalent among females who constitute half of TAVI candidates, yet, its clinical significance remains poorly investigated. METHODS: Patients were divided into three groups according to preprocedural hemoglobin (Hb) level: (1) no anemia (Hb ≥12 g/dl), (2) mild-to-moderate anemia (10 ≤ Hb <12 g/dl), and (3) severe anemia (Hb <10 g/dl). The primary outcome was the occurrence of Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-2 efficacy endpoint, a composite of mortality, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), hospitalization for valve-related symptoms or heart failure or valve-related dysfunction at 1-year follow-up. RESULTS: Hemoglobin level was available in 877 (86.1%) patients: 412 (47.0%) had no anemia, 363 (41.4%) had mild-to-moderate anemia, and 102 (11.6%) had severe anemia. The latter group had a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Compared with patients without anemia, severe anemia was associated with a greater risk of VARC-2 efficacy endpoint (adj HR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.02-2.87, p = .04), all-cause death (adj HR 2.36, 95% CI: 1.31-4.26, p = .004) and a composite of death, MI or stroke (adj HR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.10-3.22, p = .02) at 1 year. Moreover, an increased risk of late mortality (adj HR 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02-1.30, p = .03) was observed with every 1 g/dl decrease in hemoglobin level. CONCLUSION: Severe anemia in females undergoing TAVI was independently associated with increased rates of VARC-2 efficacy endpoint and mortality at 1 year.

The impact of chronic kidney disease in women undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: Analysis from the Women's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (WIN-TAVI) registry.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and aortic stenosis (AS) increase with age. Although baseline CKD is frequent in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), its significance among women is largely unknown. METHODS: Women's INternational Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (WIN-TAVI) is a multinational, prospective registry of women undergoing TAVR for severe AS. We included patients with available baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and completed 1-year follow-up. Patients were categorized into three groups based on their eGFR: No CKD (normal kidney function to stage 2 CKD: eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 ); (b) mild CKD (stage 3a CKD: eGFR = 45-59 ml/min/1.73 m2 ); and (c) moderate/severe CKD (stage ≥3b CKD: eGFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 ). All events were adjudicated according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium (VARC)-2 criteria. RESULT: Out of 852 women undergoing TAVR, 326 (38.3%) had no CKD, 225 (26.4%) had mild CKD, and 301 (35.3%) had moderate/severe CKD. Women with higher stage of CKD at baseline were more likely to have a history of hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation, anemia, chronic lung disease, hemodialysis, prior percutaneous coronary intervention, and pacemaker implantation. After multivariate adjustment, moderate/severe CKD was associated with a greater risk of 1-year VARC-2 safety endpoints [hazard ratio (HR) 1.68, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10-2.60], all-cause death (HR 2.00, 95% CI: 1.03-3.90), and composite of death, myocardial infarction, stroke or life-threatening bleeding (HR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.04-2.76). There were no differences in 30-day and 1-year VARC-2 efficacy and 30-day VARC-2 safety outcomes. CONCLUSION: CKD is associated with substantial and independent risk for mortality and morbidity at 1-year follow-up in women undergoing TAVR.

Edwards Sapien 3 transcatheter aortic valve implantation for management of severe aortic regurgitation in a teenage patient with corrected atrioventricular septal defect and progressive left ventricular dysfunction.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement is mostly performed in elderly patients with severely calcified aortic valves. There are few reports about its use for pure aortic regurgitation, few reports about its use in adolescent patients and to the best of our knowledge no report about the use of an Edwards Sapien valve in the aortic position in an underage patient after surgically corrected congenital heart disease (CHD). Decompensation of a complex CHD can be difficult to manage and may require unusual solutions. We report a case of a teenage patient presenting with progressive aortic regurgitation and deterioration of left ventricular function after multiple surgical procedures for an atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD). As "bridge-to-transplant," we performed a transcatheter aortic valve implantation using a balloon-expandable Sapien 3 prosthesis. At 6 month follow-up, the patient remained clinically stable with no rehospitalization due to heart failure.

Hybrid-stenting with metallic and bioresorbable drug-eluting stents 2-year clinical outcomes in KUM ABSORB registry.

AIM AND OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate and compare outcomes 2 years after Hybrid-stenting with bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) and contemporary metallic drug-eluting stents (DES) within the same coronary lesion versus BVS alone. METHODS: Between 11/2012 and 7/2015 at our institution, 134 (33.2%) were treated with Hybrid-stenting for complex or long coronary lesions, 270 patients were treated by BVS alone. The primary outcome of interest was target lesion failure (TLF) at 2-years of follow-up. RESULTS: Patients treated by Hybrid-stenting were more frequently men (80% vs. 70%, p = 0.04) had extensive multivessel disease (84% vs. 71%, p < 0.01) including more complex (89% vs. 52%, p < 0.01) and longer lesions (28.9 mm vs 16.4 ± mm, p < 0.01) resulting in longer treated segments (47.3 mm vs 21.5 mm, p < 0.01) and more residual in-segment stenosis (12.3% vs 8.5%, p < 0.01) compared to BVS alone patients. At 2 years, cumulative incidence of TLF was 9.7% of Hybrid-stenting patients and 11.5% of BVS alone patients (p = 0.62), myocardial infarction (3.0% vs 4.1%, p = 0.59) and mortality (1.5% vs 4.1%, p = 0.17), respectively. Target lesion revascularization occurred in 9 Hybrid-stenting patients (2 located in DES) and in 20 BVS alone patients, cumulative incidence 6.7% vs. 7.4% (p = 0.80). Chronic kidney disease and residual in-segment stenosis >30% were identified as independent predictors of TLF at 2-years. CONCLUSION: Despite differences in clinical and angiographic profile, Hybrid-stenting performed similar to BVS alone at 2 years after percutaneous coronary intervention.

Impact of prosthesis-iteration evolution and sizing practice on the incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the impact of the introduction of the next generation self-expanding (SE) and balloon-expandable (BE) transcatheter heart valves (THVs) on the incidence of prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). BACKGROUND: PPM is a risk factor for accelerated degeneration of bioprosthetic aortic valves. Data on PPM after TAVR are derived mainly from studies of older generation THVs. METHODS: PPM was assessed at 30 days post-TAVR with the older generation (Medtronic CoreValve, n = 120 and Edwards Sapien XT, n = 121) and the next generation THVs (Medtronic Evolut R/Pro, n = 136 and Edwards Sapien 3, n = 363). RESULTS: The incidence of any and severe PPM was 15.1% and 0.0% for the older generation THVs, and 42.8% and 12.1% for the next generation THVs. The incidence of moderate and severe PPM was 23.3% and 3.5% in patients who received an Evolut R/Pro vs. 33.1% and 14.7% in those who received a Sapien 3 (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, TAVR with the Sapien 3 THV was not associated with PPM, while left ventricular ejection fraction (0.97 [0.95-0.99], P = 0.002), history of myocardial infarction (2.09 [1.00-4.34], P = 0.049), annulus maximum diameter (0.84 [0.77-0.92], P < 0.001), and THV oversizing (0.90 [0.87-0.94], P < 0.001) were independently associated with PPM. In Sapien 3, the risk of any and severe PPM was higher in those with no oversizing (odds ratio: 3.25 [1.23-8.53], P = 0.017 and 5.79[2.33-14.36], P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PPM in contemporary TAVR is significant, especially with the next generation BE THV without adequate oversizing.

Impact of coronary artery disease and percutaneous coronary intervention in women undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: From the WIN-TAVI registry.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of coronary artery disease (CAD) with or without recent (≤ 30 days) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in women undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). BACKGROUND: Although women display a specific risk-profile for both PCI and TAVR, the impact of CAD and PCI in the setting of TAVR in women is unclear. METHODS: The multinational Women's International Transcatheter Aortic Valve implantation registry enrolled consecutive female patients undergoing contemporary TAVR in 19 centers between 2013 and 2015. Patients with available coronary angiography or CT scan in the pre-operative assessment of TAVR were categorized as without CAD, with CAD but no recent PCI and CAD and recent PCI (≤30 days). All events were adjudicated according to the VARC-2 criteria. RESULTS: A total of 787 patients were included in this analysis, among whom 459 (58.3%) had no CAD, 247 (31.4%) had CAD without recent PCI and 81 (10.3%) underwent recent PCI (≤ 30 days before TAVR). After multivariable adjustment, both groups of CAD patients, without and with recent PCI, presented with higher risk of death, myocardial infarction or stroke, compared with patients without CAD (adj HR 1.56, 95%CI 1.03-2.39, P = 0.038 and adj HR 1.96, 95% CI 1.1-3.5, P = .021, respectively). Patients with recent PCI had increased risk of all-cause death (adj HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.0-3.5, P = 0.04) and stroke (adj HR 3.7, 95% CI 1.0-13.5, P = 0.046) compared with patients without CAD. CONCLUSION: The presence of CAD in women undergoing TAVR, with or without recent PCI, was associated with long-term poorer outcomes.