The Mutual Regulatory Role of Ferroptosis and Immunotherapy in Anti-tumor Therapy.

Ferroptosis is a form of cell death that is triggered by the presence of ferrous ions and is characterized by lipid peroxidation induced by these ions. The mechanism exhibits distinct morphological characteristics compared to apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis. A notable aspect of ferroptosis is its ability to inhibit uncontrolled tumor replication and immortalization, especially in malignant, drug-resistant, and metastatic tumors. Additionally, immunotherapy, a novel therapeutic approach for tumors, has been found to have a reciprocal regulatory relationship with ferroptosis in the context of anti-tumor therapy. A comprehensive analysis of ferroptosis and immunotherapy in tumor therapy is presented in this paper, highlighting the potential for mutual adjuvant effects. Specifically, we discuss the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis and immunotherapy, emphasizing their ability to improve the tumor immune microenvironment and enhance immunotherapeutic effects. Furthermore, we investigate how immunotherapeutic factors may increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to ferroptosis. We aim to provide a prospective view of the promising value of combined ferroptosis and immunotherapy in anticancer therapy by elucidating the mutual regulatory network between each.

pH/GSH dual-responsive nanoparticle for auto-amplified tumor therapy of breast cancer.

Breast cancer remains a malignancy that poses a serious threat to human health worldwide. Chemotherapy is one of the most widely effective cancer treatments in clinical practice, but it has some drawbacks such as poor targeting, high toxicity, numerous side effects, and susceptibility to drug resistance. For auto-amplified tumor therapy, a nanoparticle designated GDTF is prepared by wrapping gambogic acid (GA)-loaded dendritic porous silica nanoparticles (DPSNs) with a tannic acid (TA)-Fe(III) coating layer. GDTF possesses the properties of near-infrared (NIR)-enhanced and pH/glutathione (GSH) dual-responsive drug release, photothermal conversion, GSH depletion and hydroxyl radical (·OH) production. When GDTF is exposed to NIR laser irradiation, it can effectively inhibit cell proliferation and tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo with limited toxicity. This may be due to the synergistic effect of enhanced tumor accumulation, and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, GSH depletion, and TrxR activity reduction. This study highlights the enormous potential of auto-amplified tumor therapy.

Mulberry fruit repairs alcoholic liver injury by modulating lipid metabolism and the expression of miR-155 and PPARα in rats.

As alcohol consumption increases, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) has become more popular and is threating our human life. In this study, we found mulberry fruit extract (MFE) repaired alcohol-caused liver diseases by regulating hepatic lipid biosynthesis pathway and oxidative singling in alcoholically liver injured (ALI) rats. MFE administration inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation and improved liver steatosis in ALI rats. MFE also enhanced the antioxidant capacity and alleviated the inflammatory response by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing the contents of interleukin (IL)-1ß and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Additionally, MFE regulated the expression of miRNA-155 and lipid metabolism-related PPARα protein in rats. Both miR-155 and PPARα play important roles in liver function. The results indicate that MFE has hepatoprotective effects against ALI in rats.

Transcriptomic analysis the mechanisms of anti-osteoporosis of desert-living Cistanche herb in ovariectomized rats of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Desert-living Cistanche herb (DC), as a traditional Chinese medicine for tonifying kidney yang, is often used to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). Total phenylethanoid glycosides are instruction ingredients for discrimination and assay according to the China pharmacopoeia for DC. This research aimed to reveal the anti-osteoporosis mechanism of total phenylethanoid glycosides of DC (PGC) by transcriptomic analysis of ovariectomized rats. Serum levels of BGP were evaluated by ELISA, the bone weight was measured, and transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the ultrastructure of osteoblasts in rats. In addition, micro-CT was used to detect the bone volume (Tb.BS/BV), bone mineral density (Tb.BMD), and bone mineral content (Tb.BMC) in trabecular bone, and the ratio of cortical bone area to total area (Ct.ar/Tt.ar), and the level of bone mineral content (Ct.BMC) in cortical bone. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) after PGC treatment were analyzed by transcriptomics. Then, a bioinformatics analysis of DEGs was carried out through GO enrichment, KEGG enrichment, and selection of the nucleus gene through the protein-protein interaction network. Through qRT-PCR analysis, the DEGs were verified. The analysis results indicated that PGC increased the secretion of osteogenic markers, and ultrastructural characterization of osteoblasts and bone morphology were improved in ovariectomized rats. A total of 269 genes were differentially expressed, including 201 genes that were downregulated and 68 genes that were upregulated between the model group and the PGC group. Bioinformation analysis results prompt the conclusion that PGC could promote the bone metabolism by muscle cell development, myofibril assembly, etc. In addition, our study also found that PGC has a good effect on osteoporosis complicated with cardiomyopathy, and it also provided evidence for the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis.

Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Quantum Dots as Electrochemiluminescence-Emitting Species for Sensitive Detection of KRAS G12C Mutation via PET-RAFT.

The levels of KRAS G12C point mutation is recognized to be closely related to the earlier diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, based on nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (NGQDs) and photo-induced electron/energy transfer reversible addition-fragment chain transfer (PET-RAFT) signal amplification strategy, we fabricated a novel electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensor for the detection of KRAS G12C mutation for the first time. NGQDs as ECL-emitting species with cathodic ECL were prepared by a simple calcination method. Firstly, KRAS G12C mutation DNA, i. e., target DNA (tDNA), was captured by specific identification with hairpin DNA (hDNA). Then, PET-RAFT was initiated by blue light, and large numbers of monomers were successfully polymerized to form controllable polymer chains. Lastly, massive NGQDs was introduced via amidation reaction with N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride (APMA), which significantly amplified the ECL signal intensity. Under optimal conditions, this biosensor achieved a good linear relationship between ECL intensity and logarithm of the levels of KRAS G12C mutation in the range from 10 fM to 10 nM. Moreover, this strategy exhibited high selectivity and excellent applicability for KRAS G12C mutation detection in the serum samples. Therefore, this biosensor has great potential in clinical diagnosis and practical application.

Escitalopram versus other antidepressive agents for major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Escitalopram is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and one of the most commonly prescribed newer antidepressants (ADs) worldwide. We aimed to explore the efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of escitalopram in comparison with other ADs in the acute-phase treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception to July 10, 2023. Trial databases of drug-approving agencies were hand-searched for published, unpublished and ongoing controlled trials. All randomized controlled trials comparing escitalopram against any other antidepressant for patients with MDD. Responders and remitters to treatment were calculated on an intention-to-treat basis. For dichotomous data, risk ratios (RRs) were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Continuous data were analyzed using standardized mean differences (with 95% CI) using the random effects model. RESULTS: A total of 30 studies were included in this meta­analysis, among which sixteen trials compared escitalopram with another SSRI and 14 compared escitalopram with a newer AD. Escitalopram was shown to be significantly more effective than citalopram in achieving acute response (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.87). Escitalopram was also more effective than citalopram in terms of remission (RR 0.53, 95% CI 0.30-0.93). CONCLUSIONS: Escitalopram was superior to other ADs for the acute phase treatment of MDD in terms of efficacy, acceptability and tolerability. However, no significant difference was found between escitalopram and other ADs in early response or follow-up response to treatment of MDD.

Nanotheranostic Trojan Horse for visualization and photo-immunotherapy of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection.

Effective diagnosis and therapy for bacterial infections, especially those caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) species, greatly challenge current antimicrobial stewardship. Monocytes, which can chemotactically migrate from the blood to infection site and elicit a robust infection infiltration, provide a golden opportunity for bacterial theranostics. Here, a nano-Trojan Horse was facilely engineered using mannose-functionalized manganese-eumelanin coordination nanoparticles (denoted as MP-MENP) for precise two-step localization and potent photothermal-immunotherapy of MDR bacterial infection. Taking advantage of the selective recognition between mannose and inflammation-associated monocytes, the MP-MENP could be passively piggybacked to infection site by circulating monocytes, and also actively target infiltrated monocytes that are already accumulated in infection microenvironment. Such dual-pronged targeting enabled an efficient imaging diagnosis of bacterial infection. Upon laser irradiation, the MP-MENP robustly produced local hyperemia to ablate bacteria, both extracellularly and intracellularly. Further combined with photothermal therapy-induced immunogenic cell death and MP-MENP-mediated macrophage reprogramming, the immunosuppressive infection microenvironment was significantly relieved, allowing an enhanced antibacterial immunity. Collectively, the proposed nanotheranostic Trojan Horse, which integrates dual-pronged targeting, precise imaging diagnosis, and high-performance photothermal immunotherapy, promises a new way for complete eradication of MDR bacterial infection.

Cascade signal amplification electrochemical biosensor based on AgNPs and ring opening polymerization for determination of Ochratoxin A.

An ochratoxin A (OTA) electrochemical biosensor based on a cascade signal amplification strategy with Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and ring opening polymerization (ROP) was constructed. The large specific surface area of AgNPs was used to increase the loading of OTA aptamer on the electrode surface, enhancing the ability to capture OTA as a way to achieve the first signal amplification. The OTA antibody modified with polyethylenimine specifically recognizes the OTA, forming an aptamer-OTA-antibody sandwich structure. The amino group on polyethylenimine initiates the ROP reaction with α-amino acid-n-carboxylic anhydride-ferrocene (NCA-Fc) as the monomer. A large number of electrochemical signal units of ferrocene are introduced into the sensing system for a second signal amplification. By amplifying the signal twice, the sensitivity of the sensor is improved. Under the optimal conditions, the detection range of the sensor is 1 pg·mL-1 ~ 1 µg·mL-1, while the detection limit is as low as 117 fg·mL-1. Moreover, the sensor has the advantages of high sensitivity, good stability and selectivity. Standard addition recovery experiment proved that the sensing system can be successfully used for the detection of OTA in four actual samples with recoveries in the range 90.0 to 113% with RSDs of 0.6 to 5.2%, providing a new idea for the pollution assessment of mycotoxins.

Anti-IgE effect of small-molecule-compound arctigenin on food allergy in association with a distinct transcriptome profile.

BACKGROUND: Excessive production of IgE plays a major role in the pathology of food allergy. In an attempt to identify anti-IgE natural products, Arctium Lappa was one of the most effective herbs among approximately 300 screened medicinal herbs. However, little is known about its anti-IgE compounds. OBJECTIVE: To identify compounds from Arctium Lappa for targeted therapy on IgE production and explore their underlying mechanisms. METHODS: Liquid-liquid extraction and column chromatographic methods were used to purify the compounds. IgE inhibitory effects were determined on IgE-producing human myeloma U266 cells, peanut-allergic murine model and PBMCs from food-allergic patients. Genes involved in IgE inhibition in PBMCs were studied by RNA sequencing. RESULTS: The main compounds isolated were identified as arctiin and arctigenin. Both compounds significantly inhibited IgE production in U266 cells, with arctigenin the most potent (IC50=5.09µg/mL). Arctigenin (at a dose of 13 mg/kg) markedly reduced peanut-specific IgE levels, blocked hypothermia and histamine release in a peanut-allergic mouse model. Arctigenin also significantly reduced IgE production and Th2 cytokines (IL-5, IL-13) by PBMCs. We found 479 differentially expressed genes in PBMCs with arctigenin treatment (p < .001 and fold-change ≥1.5), involving 24 gene ontology terms (p < .001, FDR <0.05); cell division was the most significant. Eleven genes including UBE2C and BCL6 were validated by qPCR. CONCLUSION: Arctigenin markedly inhibited IgE production in U266 cells, peanut-allergic murine model and PBMCs from allergic patients by down-regulating cell division, cell cycle-related genes and up-regulating anti-inflammatory factors.

A small molecule compound berberine as an orally active therapeutic candidate against COVID-19 and SARS: A computational and mechanistic study.

The novel coronavirus disease, COVID-19, has grown into a global pandemic and a major public health threat since its breakout in December 2019. To date, no specific therapeutic drug or vaccine for treating COVID-19 and SARS has been FDA approved. Previous studies suggest that berberine, an isoquinoline alkaloid, has shown various biological activities that may help against COVID-19 and SARS, including antiviral, anti-allergy and inflammation, hepatoprotection against drug- and infection-induced liver injury, as well as reducing oxidative stress. In particular, berberine has a wide range of antiviral activities such as anti-influenza, anti-hepatitis C, anti-cytomegalovirus, and anti-alphavirus. As an ingredient recommended in guidelines issued by the China National Health Commission for COVID-19 to be combined with other therapy, berberine is a promising orally administered therapeutic candidate against SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. The current study comprehensively evaluates the potential therapeutic mechanisms of berberine in preventing and treating COVID-19 and SARS using computational modeling, including target mining, gene ontology enrichment, pathway analyses, protein-protein interaction analysis, and in silico molecular docking. An orally available immunotherapeutic-berberine nanomedicine, named NIT-X, has been developed by our group and has shown significantly increased oral bioavailability of berberine, increased IFN-γ production by CD8+ T cells, and inhibition of mast cell histamine release in vivo, suggesting a protective immune response. We further validated the inhibition of replication of SARS-CoV-2 in lung epithelial cells line in vitro (Calu3 cells) by berberine. Moreover, the expression of targets including ACE2, TMPRSS2, IL-1α, IL-8, IL-6, and CCL-2 in SARS-CoV-2 infected Calu3 cells were significantly suppressed by NIT-X. By supporting protective immunity while inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines; inhibiting viral infection and replication; inducing apoptosis; and protecting against tissue damage, berberine is a promising candidate in preventing and treating COVID-19 and SARS. Given the high oral bioavailability and safety of berberine nanomedicine, the current study may lead to the development of berberine as an orally, active therapeutic against COVID-19 and SARS.

Fluorescent assay of alkaline phosphatase activity via atom transfer radical polymerization.

A novel fluorescence assay is proposed through activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP) strategy for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity detection. First of all, 2-bromo-2-methylpropionic acid (BMP) was employed as the initiator to modify on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticle (Fe3O4-MNP) by amide bonding. Then, ascorbic acid (AA) produced by ALP catalyzed the phosphate group removal from L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate (AAPS), which underwent a redox reaction with Cu(II) and the product Cu(I) triggered the ARGET ATRP reaction. Finally, a strong fluorescent signal could be detected at 514 nm due to numerous fluorescent monomers being grafted to the Fe3O4-MNPs surface (Ex = 490 nm, Em = 514 nm). Under optimal experimental conditions, the linear range of this fluorometric assay for ALP activity was 1-80 mU mL-1, and the detection limit was 0.68 mU mL-1. The method exhibited excellent selectivity and satisfactory results were obtained in the inhibition rate and human serum experiments. Therefore, this ALP activity detection strategy has great potential for clinically relevant disease detection and drug screening. A novel fluorescence strategy for alkaline phosphatase activity detection based on the dephosphorylation property of alkaline phosphatase and ARGET ATRP reaction.

SnO2 quantum dots-functionalized Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets for electrochemical determination of dopamine in body fluids.

A novel SnO2 quantum dots (SnO2QDs)-functionalized Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposite was prepared via in situ synthesis method, resulting in well-regulated the nucleation and growth of SnO2QDs to evenly distribute onto MXene nanosheets. Ultra-small size SnO2QDs decorated on the surface of Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets can effectively prevent the restacking of MXene and remarkably increase the electroactive surface area of the electrode, which can further increase electrocatalytic activity toward dopamine. Then, an ultrasensitive electroanalytical method based on SnO2QDs-functionalized Ti3C2 MXene nanocomposite for dopamine monitoring was developed, and the effects of experimental condition were investigated systematically. Under optimized conditions, the prepared sensor presented a linear dependence for dopamine in the concentration range from 0.004 to 8.0 µM with the detection limit of 2.0 nM (S/N = 3). Moreover, it selectively perceived dopamine in presence of physiological interferents in urine and serum samples with excellent linearities (correlation coefficients higher than 0.9920). The relative recoveries were in the range 97.67-105.3% and 103.0-106.8%, while the limits of quantitation were 10.12 nM and 9.62 nM in urine and serum sample, respectively, demonstrating the method suitability for dopamine sensing and being envisioned as a promising candidate for neurotransmitter monitoring in biological diagnosis.

TP-CSO: A Triptolide Prodrug for Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.

Triptolide (TP) is a potential drug candidate for the treatment of cancer, but its use was hampered by its systemic toxicity and poor water solubility. Hence, a TP-CSO prodrug was synthesized by conjugating TP to chitosan oligosaccharide (CSO), and characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, DSC and XRD analyses. The TP-CSO containing about 4 wt% of TP exhibited excellent water solubility (15 mg/mL) compared to TP (0.017 mg/mL). Compared with TP, the pharmacokinetics of the conjugate after oral administration showed a three-fold increase in the half-life in the blood circulation and a 3.2-fold increase in AUC (0-∞). The orally administered TP-CSO could more effectively inhibit tumor progression but with much lower systemic toxicity compared with TP, indicating significant potential for further clinical trials. In conclusion, CSO-based conjugate systems may be useful as a platform for the oral delivery of other sparingly soluble drugs.

[Analysis of animal models of chronic skin ulcers based on characteristics of clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of chronic skin ulcers in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the current animal models of skin ulcers are summarized. This article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of animal models according to the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic skin ulcers, traditional Chinese and Western medicine diagnostic criteria and observation indicators, and eva-luates the agreement between the existing animal models and the characteristics of clinical syndromes of traditional Chinese and Western medicine for chronic skin ulcers. Through analysis and comparison, it is found that most of the existing modeling methods are single-factor animal models, and there are certain gaps in the physiological and pathological characteristics of chronic skin ulcers caused by clinical multi-factors and interactions. Most of the modeling methods are guided by Western medicine. The lack of pathogenic factors of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the process of modeling. Therefore, this article proposes to establish a reasonable quantification standard for chronic skin ulcer animal models, and to establish a combination model of chronic skin ulcer disease with traditional Chinese and Western medicine as the focus of future animal model research.

[Analysis of animal models of heart failure based on characteristics of clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

The incidence of heart failure has increased year by year, with a negative impact on quality of life and life expectancy of patients. Reproduction of animal models that meet the characteristics of clinical symptoms is a prerequisite for conducting experimental studies relating to heart failure. Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of heart failure in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and Western medicine, the existing common animal models of heart failure were explored, and the clinical anastomosis of the existing animal models was analyzed based on the clinical diagnostic criteria of heart failure in TCM and Western medicine. After analysis and comparison, it can be seen that the existing modeling methods are mostly single-factor animal models, with certain gaps between the characteristics of clinical multi-factors and interactions that jointly lead to heart failure, and the modeling methods were mostly guided by Western medicine, with a lack of TCM pathogenic factors in the model process, which is different from the clinical diagnostic criteria of Chinese and Western medicine for heart failure. In terms of syndrome differentiation, heart failure is classified into heart and lung Qi deficiency syndrome, Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome, heart and kidney Yang deficiency syndrome, Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, Yang deficiency and water flooding syndrome, phlegm-drinking obstructive lung syndrome, Yin and yang exhausted syndrome. The existing animal models mostly confused them, with no effective and recognized method for modeling at present. There are major limitations in studies of Chinese medicine. Therefore, based on clinical characteristics of heart failure in Chinese and Western medicine, this article analyzed the existing animal models, defined their advantages and disadvantages and application prospects, and then suggested further improving the corresponding animal models of heart failure and standardizing the model evaluation, so as to improve the clinical coincidence between animal models and Chinese and Western medicine, make heart failure animal models better serve scientific studies, and promote relevant mechanism studies, pathological change studies and drug screening.

[Data mining of drug use rules based on traditional Chinese medicine treatment of ulcerative colitis].

To explore the drug use rules of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, and to provide some references for clinical treatment. The full-text search of "ulcerative colitis+TCM" was conducted based on CNKI. The literatures published from 2000 to 2020 were selected, and the clinical prescriptions for ulcerative colitis were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The statistical processing and association rule analysis were carried out with use of Excel 2013, Clementine 12.0 and IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 statistical software. A total of 177 prescriptions were obtained after retrieval of 3 432 relevant literatures, including 93 oral prescriptions and 84 enema prescriptions. Among them, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Aucklandiae Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba were the most frequently used drugs in oral administration, with the functions of tonifying, heat clearing and Qi regulating. The drugs with high frequency in enema included Bletillae Rhizoma, Coptidis Rhizoma, Sanguisorbae Radix, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex and Sophorae Flavescentis Radix, with the functions of heat clearing, blood stopping and tonifying. Both oral and enema means of drugs were mainly of warm, cold and slightly cold properties, and bitter and sweet flavors, involving spleen, stomach, lung and large intestine. In cluster analysis, oral and enema drugs were divi-ded into 5 groups. Accordingly, in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, tonifying medicine, heat clearing medicine and Qi regulating medicine are often used for oral administration and heat clearing medicine, hemostatic medicine and tonifying medicine are often used for enema administration. On this basis, they are combined with diuretic drugs and astringent drugs respectively.

[Characteristics analysis for Chinese patent medicine containing Jujubea Fructus based on data mining].

Chinese patent medicine prescriptions containing Jujubea Fructus in 2015 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the Composition Principles of Chinese Patent Drug were collected, and the characteristics of Chinese patent medicine containing Jujubea Fructus were analyzed by using data mining technology. Statistical software Excel 2019, Clementine 12.0 and SPSS 21.0 were used to conduct statistical analysis of conforming Chinese patent medicine prescriptions by means of frequency statistics, association rule analysis and cluster analysis. Finally, a total of 185 Chinese patent medicine prescriptions containing Jujubea Fructus were included in this study, involving 402 Chinese medicines and 28 kinds of high frequency Chinese medicines, with Jujubea Fructus, Poria, Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, and Codonopsis Radix as the top five. The deficiency-nourishing drugs were in the most common efficacy classification, mainly sweet, bitter and pungent, with most medicine properties of warm and gentle, main meridians of spleen lung and stomach, dosage forms of pills, granules and tablets, and main indications of splenic diseases. Fifteen drug combinations were obtained in association rule analysis. Eleven drug combinations were obtained by association rule analysis of Chinese patent medicine containing Jujubea Fructus in the treatment of splenic diseases, and the drugs were divided into two categories by cluster analysis. According to the above analysis, it is found that the Chinese patent medicine prescriptions containing Jujubea Fructus are mainly composed of deficiency-nourishing drugs, mostly compatible with drugs of sweet, bitter and pungent flavors, warm and gentle properties, and spleen, lung, and stomach meridians in the treatment of splenic diseases, with Sijunzi Decoction as the main drug. This study provides guidance for modern clinical application and development of Jujubea Fructus.

[Analysis of animal models of ulcerative colitis based on characteristics of clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese and Wes-tern medicine].

This article aims to provide a good experimental method for the study of drug treatment of ulcerative colitis. According to the characteristics of ulcerative colitis's clinical symptoms, common ulcerative colitis animal models were analyzed. Based on the characteristics of clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine for ulcerative colitis disease, the existing commonly used animal models of ulcerative colitis were analyzed to summarize the current matching degree, advantages and disadvantages of the exi-sting animal models of ulcerative colitis and clinical symptoms. At present, studies on ulcerative colitis mainly adopt four types of induction modeling methods, such as immunization, chemical stimulation, compound method and gene model. There are many reported methods of colitis modeling, but no model can reflect the characteristics of clinical symptoms of ulcerative colitis treated with Western or Chinese medicine. This article summarizes the characteristics, clinically relevant symptoms and applicable scope of immunization, chemical stimulation, compound method, and gene model, so as to provide a reliable animal model for subsequent studies of prevention and treatment of colitis.

[Analysis of animal models of chronic atrophic gastritis based on characteristics of clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

Based on the clinical characteristics of chronic atrophic gastritis in traditional Chinese and Western medicine, the domestic and foreign relevant literature reports and animal models of chronic atrophic as well as the clinical diagnostic indicators of traditional Chinese and western medicine, chronic atrophic gastritis evaluation standard was summarized to evaluate and analyze the coincidence degree of clinical symptoms of the existing chronic atrophic gastritis animal models. The statistical results found that modeling methods with a higher coincidence degree with the existing chronic atrophic gastritis animal models are disease and syndrome combination mode-ling, surgical modeling, multifactor comprehensive modeling and MNNG modeling. Although the animal models were reproduced by such methods as etiology, pathogenesis and disease and syndrome combination similar to those of human beings, there is still a big gap with the natural disease state. Further in-depth studies and improvement shall be made in clinical practice in the hope to provide refe-rence for clinical practice and experimental studies of chronic atrophic gastritis.

[Analysis of animal model of atopic dermatitis based on characteristics of clinical symptoms traditional Chinese and Western medicine].

Based on the clinical characteristics of atopic dermatitis( AD) in traditional Chinese medicine( TCM) and Western medicine,the existing animal models were analyzed,and the coincidence degree,advantages and disadvantages between the models and the clinical manifestations of AD were evaluated,so as to provide reference for establishing a rational animal model. After consulting relevant literatures in recent years and summarizing the existing modeling methods,it is found that spontaneous,transgenic/gene knockout models were highly consistent,but with high breeding conditions and expensive prices. The hapten-induced model was low in cost and fast in modeling. It revealed the corresponding mechanism of AD to a certain extent,but did not fully reflect the state of the entire process of AD. The modeling method was guided by Western medicine,but with a lack of pathogenic factors of traditional Chinese medicine,and so has certain limitations in TCM research. Therefore,it is necessary to combine the etiology,pathogenesis and clinical mani-festations of AD with traditional Chinese and Western medicine,so as to improve the coincidence degree between the model and the characteristics of clinical symptoms and lay the foundation for in-depth studies on AD.