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1.
Nucleic Acids Res ; 2024 Oct 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39360631

RESUMO

Alterations in deoxyribonucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) pools have been linked to increased mutation rates and genome instability in unicellular organisms and cell cultures. However, the role of dNTP pool changes in tumor development in mammals remains unclear. In this study, we present a mouse model with a point mutation at the allosteric specificity site of ribonucleotide reductase, RRM1-Y285A. This mutation reduced ribonucleotide reductase activity, impairing the synthesis of deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) and deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP). Heterozygous Rrm1+/Y285A mice exhibited distinct alterations in dNTP pools across various organs, shorter lifespans and earlier tumor onset compared with wild-type controls. Mutational spectrum analysis of tumors revealed two distinct signatures, one resembling a signature extracted from a human cancer harboring a mutation of the same amino acid residue in ribonucleotide reductase, RRM1Y285C. Our findings suggest that mutations in enzymes involved in dNTP metabolism can serve as drivers of cancer development.

2.
J Environ Manage ; 348: 119325, 2023 Dec 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37857213

RESUMO

The endeavor to implement the 2030 Agenda of national and international stakeholders became increasingly impetuous, considering the wide range of uncertainties and risks. The new humans-centered development model built on the prominence of environmental and social values seeks to reinforce communities' resilience and mitigate environmental risks, leaving no one behind. For this to happen, solid and effective institutions, the right environmental policies, and a safe statutory labor framework are the sine qua non. In this study, we evaluated the effects of informality, institutional quality, and renewable energy consumption on ecological footprint of two groups of emerging countries from Europe and Asia from 2002 to 2018. Our results by PMG-ARDL approach highlight dissimilarities between the two groups, showing greater heterogeneity. In this sense, informality is found to have positive and significant effects on ecological footprint in the long run in emerging European countries. In contrast, the effect is negative for emerging Asian countries. In the short run, the effects are less critical in the studied countries between the two groups. Institutional quality variables impacted environmental quality differently. In this sense, it is detrimental for policymakers to consider concerted measures to decrease institutional vulnerabilities and reduce the level of the informal economy. The outcome of this study concurs with a complete awareness of the importance of informality and institutional quality to mitigate social and environmental risks conjunctively.


Assuntos
Dióxido de Carbono , Desenvolvimento Econômico , Humanos , Dióxido de Carbono/análise , Ásia , Energia Renovável , Europa (Continente)
3.
Natl Acad Sci Lett ; : 1-8, 2023 May 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37363278

RESUMO

Forecasts are valuable to countries to make informed business decisions and develop data-driven strategies. The production of pulses is an integral part of agricultural diversification initiatives because it offers promising economic opportunities to reduce rural poverty and unemployment in developing countries. Pulses are the cheapest source of protein needed for human health. India's pulses production guidelines must be based on accurate and best forecast models. Comparing classical statistical and machine learning models based on different scientific data series is the subject of high-level research today. This study focused on the forecasting behaviour of pulses production for India, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh. The data series was split into a training dataset (1950-2014) and a testing dataset (2015-2019) for model building and validation purposes, respectively. ARIMA, NNAR and hybrid models were used and compared on training and validation datasets based on goodness of fit (RMSE, MAE and MASE). This research demonstrates that due to the diverse agricultural conditions across different provinces in India, there is no single model that can accurately predict pulse production in all regions. This study's highest accuracy model is ARIMA. ARIMA outperforms NNAR, a machine learning model. Pulse production in India, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh will expand by 26.11%, 12.62%, and 0.51% from 2020 to 2030, whereas it would decline by - 6.5%, - 6.21%, and - 6.76 per cent in Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh, respectively. The current forecast results could allow policymakers to develop more aggressive food security and sustainability plans and better Indian pulses production policies in the future.

4.
J Biol Chem ; 294(34): 12708-12716, 2019 08 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31266802

RESUMO

Deoxyribonucleotides are DNA building blocks and are produced de novo by reduction of ribose to deoxyribose. This reduction is catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), a heterodimeric tetramer enzyme in mammalian cells, having one of two free radical-containing subunits called R2 and p53R2. R2 is S-phase specific and used for DNA replication, whereas p53R2 functions in DNA repair and mitochondrial DNA synthesis. The larger RNR subunit, R1, has catalytically active cysteine thiols in its buried active site and a C-terminal swinging arm, with a Cys-Leu-Met-Cys sequence suggested to act as a shuttle dithiol/disulfide for electron transport. After each catalytic cycle the active site contains a disulfide, which has to be reduced for turnover. Thioredoxin (Trx) and glutaredoxin (Grx) systems have been implicated as electron donors for the RNR disulfide reduction via the swinging arm. Using mouse R1-R2 and R1-p53R2 complexes, we found here that the catalytic efficiency of the GSH-Grx system is 4-6 times higher than that of the Trx1 system. For both complexes, the Vmax values for Grx are strongly depended on GSH concentrations. The GSH disulfide resulting from the Grx reaction was reduced by NADPH and GSH reductase and this enzyme was essential because reaction with GSH alone yielded only little activity. These results indicate that C-terminal shuttle dithiols of mammalian R1 have a crucial catalytic role and that the GSH-Grx system favors the R1-p53R2 enzyme for DNA replication in hypoxic conditions, mitochondrial DNA synthesis, and in DNA repair outside the S-phase.


Assuntos
Elétrons , Glutarredoxinas/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Ribonucleotídeo Redutases/metabolismo , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , Animais , Camundongos , Modelos Moleculares , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/química , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética
5.
Biotechnol Lett ; 42(10): 1799-1827, 2020 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32648189

RESUMO

Agro-industrial residues and by-products are a crescent environmental problem since they are often discarded without proper treatment, and still have growing production. These residues are rich from a nutritional point of view and contain various industrial relevant compounds, such as phenolic compounds, fibers, vitamins, sugars and others. The crescent worrying about environmental issues has led researchers and industries to focus on "eco-friendly" solutions for everyday problems. In this sense, the use of enzymes for the valorization of agro-industrial residues is a safe and green alternative technology. Hence, this review aims to show the enzyme potential for the use and valorization of several agro-industrial residues, focusing on the most produced residues worldwide, such as fruits, grains and lignocellulosic residues, as well as a brief explanation of microbial enzymes, its production and optimization, altogether with tools to identify producing microorganisms.


Assuntos
Biomassa , Produtos Agrícolas , Enzimas , Resíduos Industriais , Eliminação de Resíduos , Biotecnologia , Frutas , Lignina
6.
Exp Brain Res ; 237(1): 181-190, 2019 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30374782

RESUMO

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether age would disrupt fear retention and extinction memory in rats pre-exposed to maternal separation and isolation stress; these rats are called MS rats. MS stress was induced by exposing rat pups into maternal separation followed by isolation stress from peer groups (MS) daily/6 h during stress hyporesponsive period, while controls rats that were undisturbed during this period are called NMS rats. 5, 8, 15 and 52 weeks later, these animals were exposed to classical fear conditioning test by pairing auditory stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS+) with electric footshock. 24 h later, conditioned freezing response to CS+ was measured during fear retention, extinction and extinction recall trials. The normal ageing per se did not affect the formation of fear memory, retention and fear extinction memory. MS stress, on the other hand, disrupted fear memory at young adulthood age exhibiting increased freezing response to CS+ during retention test and reduced during fear extinction memory test when compared to NMS groups. On the other hand, rats at adolescence age exhibited reduced freezing during fear retention and enhanced freezing response to CS+ during extinction recall test. However, MS-induced changes in freezing response during fear retention and extinction tests were not seen in adulthood and 1-year-old age groups. These data demonstrate the young adulthood age is highly vulnerable to fear memory and extinction processes. The differences in freezing response to CS+ during fear conditioning from adolescence to old age, thus, appear to be related to the maturation of the limbic circuit.


Assuntos
Extinção Psicológica/fisiologia , Medo , Privação Materna , Rememoração Mental/fisiologia , Retenção Psicológica/fisiologia , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Fatores Etários , Análise de Variância , Animais , Condicionamento Clássico , Reação de Congelamento Cataléptica , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
7.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(20)2019 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31618903

RESUMO

Biofilms are the cause of major bacteriological infections in patients. The complex architecture of Escherichia coli (E. coli) biofilm attached to the surface of catheters has been studied and found to depend on the biomaterial's surface properties. The SEM micrographs and water contact angle analysis have revealed that the nature of the surface affects the growth and extent of E. coli biofilm formation. In vitro studies have revealed that the Gram-negative E. coli adherence to implanted biomaterials takes place in accordance with hydrophobicity, i.e., latex > silicone > polyurethane > stainless steel. Permanent removal of E. coli biofilm requires 50 to 200 times more gentamicin sulfate (G-S) than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to remove 90% of E. coli biofilm (MBIC90). Here, in vitro eradication of biofilm-associated infection on biomaterials has been done by Eudragit RL100 encapsulated gentamicin sulfate (E-G-S) nanoparticle of range 140 nm. It is 10-20 times more effective against E. coli biofilm-associated infections eradication than normal unentrapped G-S. Thus, Eudragit RL100 mediated drug delivery system provides a promising way to reduce the cost of treatment with a higher drug therapeutic index.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Biofilmes/efeitos dos fármacos , Catéteres/microbiologia , Nanopartículas/química , Antibacterianos/química , Liberação Controlada de Fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/fisiologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Nanopartículas/ultraestrutura
8.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 32(3): 1025-1032, 2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31278716

RESUMO

In the current study, a series of 5-(4-substituted phenyl) - 1, 3, 4-oxadiazole-2-thiols (4a-h) were prepared from 4-substituted benzoic acid hydrazides (3a-h). The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated by IR, 13CNMR, Mass spectral techniques and nitrogen (%) analyses. All these synthesized compounds were investigated for their antibacterial activities against bacterial strains i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus substilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans were also examined for antifungal screening. The zone of inhibition was measured and percentage inhibition was calculated by comparing with standard drug. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of potent synthesized compounds were determined. Then, all the synthesized compounds were computed to assess the drug-like properties through Lipinski's rule of five. The results of in-vitro assay showed that the compounds 4(a), 4(b) and 4(d) possess significant antibacterial activity whereas 4(a), 4(g) and 4(h) possess significant antifungal activity. The predicted drug likeness score of all these compounds were also meritorious among 1, 3, 4-oxadiazoles. The results recommended that these compounds might be used in future to generate derivatives for emergent antimicrobial agents with improved pharmacokinetic profile.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/química , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Oxidiazóis/química , Anti-Infecciosos/síntese química , Aspergillus niger/efeitos dos fármacos , Candida albicans/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Estrutura Molecular , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/efeitos dos fármacos
9.
Med Chem Res ; 27(5): 1309-1344, 2018.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32214770

RESUMO

Isoxazole, constituting an important family of five-membered heterocycles with one oxygen atom and one nitrogen atom at adjacent positions is of immense importance because of its wide spectrum of biological activities and therapeutic potential. It is, therefore, of prime importance that the development of new synthetic strategies and designing of new isoxazole derivatives should be based on the most recent knowledge emerging from the latest research. This review is an endeavor to highlight the progress in the chemistry and biological activity of isoxazole derivatives which could provide a low-height flying bird's eye view of isoxazole derivatives to the medicinal chemists for the development of clinically viable drugs using this information.

10.
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol ; 66(4): 235-243, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28677378

RESUMO

Aim of the study is to find out demographic profile, clinical characteristics and analysis of poison in clinical set up. The study carried out in Sri Aurobindo Medical College and PG Institute Indore, Madhya Pradesh. Total 75 cases of poisoning were studied for demographic profile, vitals (BP, pulse, heart rate, pupils, etc.), clinical features (such as vomiting, salivation, consciousness, etc.), type of poison and its analysis. Results: Poisoning was more common in cases between 15 and 25 years of age, in males than in females and in Hindu religion. Poisoning cases were predominantly from rural areas and in married people. Majority of cases were discharged after proper treatment and counseling. Altered vitals and clinical features were found in most of the cases. Organophosphate and aluminum phosphide compound were evaluated in most of the cases. Conclusions: Preventive measures should be applied through educating people, proper counseling, promoting poison information centers, and introducing separate toxicological units in hospitals.


Assuntos
Praguicidas/intoxicação , Intoxicação/diagnóstico , Intoxicação/terapia , Suicídio/estatística & dados numéricos , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto , Antídotos/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Índia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Venenos/classificação , Adulto Jovem
11.
Environ Monit Assess ; 187(4): 170, 2015 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25750067

RESUMO

Multivariate statistical techniques were employed for monitoring of ground-surface water interactions in rivers. The river Varuna is situated in the Indo-Gangetic plain and is a small tributary of river Ganga. The study area was monitored at seven sampling sites for 3 years (2010-12), and eight physio-chemical parameters were taken into account for this study. The data obtained were analysed by multivariate statistical techniques so as to reveal the underlying implicit information regarding proposed interactions for the relevant area. The principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), and the results of correlations were also studied for all parameters monitored at every site. Methods used in this study are essentially multivariate statistical in nature and facilitate the interpretation of data so as to extract meaningful information from the datasets. The PCA technique was able to compress the data from eight to three parameters and captured about 78.5% of the total variance by performing varimax rotation over the principal components. The varifactors, as yielded from PCA, were treated by CA which grouped them convincingly into three groups having similar characteristics and source of contamination. Moreover, the loading of variables on significant PCs showed correlations between various ground water and surface water (GW-SW) parameters. The correlation coefficients calculated for various physiochemical parameters for ground and surface water established the correlations between them. Thus, this study presents the utility of multivariate statistical techniques for evaluation of the proposed interactions and effective future monitoring of potential sites.


Assuntos
Monitoramento Ambiental , Água Subterrânea/química , Rios/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Poluição Química da Água/estatística & dados numéricos , Análise por Conglomerados , Índia , Análise Multivariada , Análise de Componente Principal , Qualidade da Água/normas
12.
FEMS Yeast Res ; 14(7): 1080-9, 2014 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25195938

RESUMO

Ubiquitin is a eukaryotic protein with 96% sequence conservation from yeast to human. Ubiquitin plays a central role in protein homeostasis and regulation of protein function. We have reported on the generation of variants of ubiquitin by in vitro evolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to advance our understanding of the role of the invariant amino acid residues of ubiquitin in relation to its function. One of the mutants generated, namely UbEP42, was a dosage-dependent lethal form of the ubiquitin gene, causing lethality to UBI4-deficient cells but not to ubiquitin wild-type cells. In the present study we investigated the functional reasons for the observed lethality. Expression of UbEP42 in a UBI4-deleted stress-sensitive strain resulted in an increased generation time due to a delayed S phase caused by decreased levels of Cdc28 protein kinase. Cells expressing UbEP42 displayed heightened sensitivity towards heat stress and exposure to cycloheximide. Furthermore, its expression had a negative effect on the degradation of substrates of the ubiquitin fusion degradation pathway. However, UbEP42 is incorporated into polyubiquitin chains. Collectively, our results establish that the effects seen with the mutant ubiquitin protein UbEP42 are not due to malfunction at the stage of polyubiquitination.


Assuntos
Viabilidade Microbiana , Mutação , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/fisiologia , Ubiquitina/genética , Ubiquitina/metabolismo , Antifúngicos/toxicidade , Ciclo Celular , Cicloeximida/toxicidade , Evolução Molecular Direcionada , Temperatura Alta , Proteínas Mutantes/genética , Proteínas Mutantes/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crescimento & desenvolvimento
13.
Indian J Crit Care Med ; 18(7): 476-8, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25097365

RESUMO

Seriously ill patients presenting with purpura fulminans, sepsis and multi-organ failure often require extensive diagnostic workup for proper diagnosis and management. Host of common infections prevalent in the tropics, e.g. malaria, dengue; other septicemic infections e.g. meningococcemia, typhoid, leptospirosis, toxic shock syndrome, scarlet fever, viral exanthems like measles, infectious mononucleosis, collagen vascular diseases (Kawasaki disease, other vasculitis) diseases, and adverse drug reactions are often kept in mind, and the index of suspicion for rickettsial illness is quite low. We present a case of Indian tick typhus presenting with purpura fulminans (retiform purpura all over the body), sepsis and multiorgan failure without lymphadenopathy and eschar, successfully treated with doxycycline and discharged home. Hence, a high index clinical suspicion and prompt administration of a simple therapy has led to successful recovery of the patient.

14.
Pak J Pharm Sci ; 27(4): 917-23, 2014 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25015460

RESUMO

Gastrosparing novel prodrugs (MAM and MAT) synthesized consisted of mefenamic acid (MA) with menthol (M) and thymol (T). Structural characterizations of synthesized esters were done by Infra red spectroscopy (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR), mass spectroscopy. After evaluation of pharmacological i.e. anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic activities, the preformulation studies were undertaken. Based on these a few formulation (suspensions) were designed and prepared. The formulated suspensions were evaluated for content uniformity, sedimentation volume, recovery studies, redispersibility, viscosity, pH, particle size, zeta potential, effect of temperature and in-vitro dissolution rate. All the above parameters were found to be within the limit these indicated that the synthesized esters are good candidate for liquid dosage form. Thus it can be concluded synthesized prodrugs can be formulated in suspension form.


Assuntos
Ácido Mefenâmico/química , Pró-Fármacos/química , Química Farmacêutica , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Solubilidade , Suspensões
15.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int ; 31(23): 34550-34557, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38710847

RESUMO

In this study, the thermal and drying characteristics of a thin layer food sample were investigated. An indirect type, simple, efficient, and economically feasible solar dryer was fabricated and used for food preservation. However, a dynamic model of a fabricated solar dryer was also presented to gain a better insight into the drying and thermal actions. This model consists of thermal modeling of the drying chamber, solar collector, and solar-dried food sample. The law of conservation of energy was applied to evaluate the temperature at different sections of the solar dryer with respect to drying time. All listed model equations were solved in the MATLAB environment. This study helps to examine the influence of solar radiation on the collector plate temperature, drying chamber temperature, food sample temperature, and performance parameters such as thermal efficiency with respect to drying time. Model data was found in good agreement with experimental data within a 4% error. It is concluded that the drying of food material is affected by air temperature, the collector temperature, mode of heat transfer, and material characteristics such as dimension and mass of the food sample.


Assuntos
Temperatura , Luz Solar , Conservação de Alimentos , Dessecação , Energia Solar
16.
Acta Pol Pharm ; 70(5): 905-11, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24147370

RESUMO

A novel mutual prodrug (MA-P) consisting of mefenamic acid (MA) and paracetamol (P) has been synthesized as a gastrosparing NSAID, devoid of ulcerogenic side effects. The structure of synthesized drug was confirmed by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.The kinetics of ester hydrolysis was studied by HPLC at pH 2, pH 7.4 as well as in human plasma. The pharmacological activities (anti-inflammatory, analgesic and ulcerogenic) were evaluated for the synthesized drug. The ulcerogenic reduction in terms of gastric wall mucosa, hexosamine and total proteins were also measured in glandular stomach of rats. The results indicated that MA-P ester has better ulcer index than the parent drug.


Assuntos
Acetaminofen/química , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Ácido Mefenâmico/síntese química , Ácido Mefenâmico/farmacologia , Pró-Fármacos/síntese química , Pró-Fármacos/farmacologia , Acetaminofen/farmacologia , Analgésicos não Narcóticos/farmacologia , Animais , Carragenina , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrólise , Técnicas In Vitro , Indicadores e Reagentes , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Ácido Mefenâmico/sangue , Camundongos , Medição da Dor/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Solubilidade , Espectrofotometria Infravermelho , Espectrofotometria Ultravioleta , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente
17.
Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess ; 37(1): 345-359, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36217358

RESUMO

Machine learning (ML) has proved to be a prominent study field while solving complex real-world problems. The whole globe has suffered and continues suffering from Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and its projections need to be forecasted. In this article, we propose and derive an autoregressive modeling framework based on ML and statistical methods to predict confirmed cases of COVID-19 in the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) countries. Automatic forecasting models based on autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and Prophet time series structures, as well as extreme gradient boosting, generalized linear model elastic net (GLMNet), and random forest ML techniques, are introduced and applied to COVID-19 data from the SAARC countries. Different forecasting models are compared by means of selection criteria. By using evaluation metrics, the best and suitable models are selected. Results prove that the ARIMA model is found to be suitable and ideal for forecasting confirmed infected cases of COVID-19 in these countries. For the confirmed cases in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, and Sri Lanka, the ARIMA model is superior to the other models. In Bhutan, the Prophet time series model is appropriate for predicting such cases. The GLMNet model is more accurate than other time-series models for Nepal and Pakistan. The random forest model is excluded from forecasting because of its poor fit.

18.
J Biotechnol ; 361: 74-79, 2023 Jan 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36470313

RESUMO

Development of low-cost and economic cellulase production is among the key challenges due to its broad industrial applications. One of the main topics of research pertaining to sustainable biomass waste based biorefinaries is the development of economic cellulase production strategies. The main cause of the increase in cellulase production costs is the use of commercial substrates; as a result, the cost of any cellulase-based bioprocess can be decreased by employing a productive, low-cost substrate. The goal of the current study is to develop low-cost cellulase using the carbohydrate-rich, renewable, and widely accessible cyanobacteria algae Oscillatoria obscura as the production substrate. Maximum cellulase was produced utilising the fungus Rhizopus oryzae at substrate concentration of 7.0 g among various tested concentrations of algal biomass. Maximum production rates of 22 IU/gds FP, 105 IU/gds BGL, and 116 IU/gds EG in 72 h were possible under optimal conditions and substrate concentration. Further investigations on the crude enzyme's stability in the presence of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) revealed that it was thermally stable at 60 °C for up to 8 h. Additionally, the crude enzyme demonstrated pH stability by maintaining its complete activity at pH 6.0 for 8 h in the presence of the optimal dose of 15 mg IONPs. The outcomes of this research may be used to investigate the possibility of producing such enzymes in large quantities at low cost for industrial use.


Assuntos
Celulase , Oscillatoria , Biomassa , Celulase/metabolismo , Estabilidade Enzimática , Fermentação , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro , Oscillatoria/metabolismo , Plantas/metabolismo
19.
Phys Chem Chem Phys ; 14(37): 12844-53, 2012 Oct 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22890196

RESUMO

TiO(2) nanoparticles of different phases play a key role in property alteration of nanocomposite fibers. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/TiO(2) composite fibers were prepared using the electrospinning method. Pure anatase and rutile phases were synthesized using the sol-gel route for nanocomposite synthesis. The Effect of nanoparticle phases on crystallinity of fibers and interaction with polymer molecules have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, morphology through SEM, surface properties using BET method and wetting property of fibers commencing from contact angle measurement. Biocompatibility and biodegradation of hybrid materials have been studied in simulated body fluid (SBF) and phosphate buffer (PBS), respectively. The anatase phase with smaller particle dimensions exhibited significant improvement of most of the properties as compared to composites made of the rutile phase. Better interaction between polymer chain and anatase particle PCL-A nanocomposite fibers leads to better mechanical property and biocompatibility vis-à-vis PCL-R and pristine PCL fibers. Biocompatibility of PCL nanocomposite has been testified through proliferation of fibroblast cell and its adhesion; MTT (3-(4,5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay demonstrates good proliferation rate for cells on PCL-A nanocomposite fibres.


Assuntos
Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Poliésteres/química , Titânio/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Nanofibras/química , Nanofibras/toxicidade
20.
Int J Pharm Pract ; 30(6): 576-579, 2022 Dec 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35994393

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To identify the preferred terminologies, nature of services, perceived benefits and barriers to medication therapy-related pharmacist services in the Western Pacific region to facilitate the development of a framework for medication therapy management. METHOD: A survey was completed by hospital and community pharmacists purposively selected by the national pharmacist associations. KEY FINDINGS: Pharmaceutical care was the preferred term with services predominantly related to medication safety and public health. The perceived barriers included lack of appropriate facility, time and funding. CONCLUSION: A broader pharmaceutical care framework is a preferred approach to delivery of Good Pharmacy Practice in the region.


Assuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Farmácia , Farmacêuticos , Humanos , Conduta do Tratamento Medicamentoso , Inquéritos e Questionários , Hospitais
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