[Current evidences in shockwave treatment. SETOC (Spanish Society of Shockwave Treatment) recommendations]. / Ondas de choque. Evidencias y recomendaciones SETOC (Sociedad Española de Tratamientos con Ondas de Choque).

This SETOC consensus document shows the scientific evidence of the technology in shockwaves (SW) and radial pressure waves (RPW) in a variety of spasticity disorders, musculoskeletal, skin, urological diseases, etc. SW and RPW, without anesthesia, are an effective, safe, non-invasive, cost-effective treatment, which reduces the need for surgery, lower risk of complications, faster recovery and greater acceptability to patients than surgery. Consequently, SW and RPW should be the first therapeutic option in the aforementioned chronic pathologies, when conservative alternatives have failed. SETOC advises to follow the recommendations given in this article, including the ones given by SW scientific societies and best evidence for each technology as well.

Oxidative stress in Alzheimer patients in different stages of the disease.

Increasing evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress causes damage to cell function with aging and is involved in a number of age-related disorders including atherosclerosis, arthritis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Cellular changes show that oxidative stress is a condition that precedes the appearance of the hallmark pathologies of the disease, neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques. The aim of this article is to analyze the different biomarkers of oxidative stress in Alzheimer patients, in different stages of the illness, and compare the results with a control group. A nutritional evaluation was carried out, including anthropometric and biological measures and a 3 day dietary record. The concentration of substances which react to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) was measured as a marker of the degree of peroxidation using the HPLC method. The oxidation of proteins was analyzed by measuring the carbonyl groups in plasma. In addition, measurements were made of the total antioxidant activity in plasma and the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as gluthatione peroxidase, gluthatione reductase and superoxide dismutase. The total antioxidant plasmatic status of the patients with Alzheimer both in light-moderate phase and in advanced phase was lower than in the control. No significant differences were observed between the different stages of the disease in protein oxidation levels. Peroxidation was higher in patients in the advanced stage of the disease than in the control group. However, no significant differences were observed between the different stages of the disease. In this preliminary study, it was observed that Alzheimer patients in the light-moderate stage already present oxidative stress levels above those of the control group.

Lipoproteins in preterm and small-for-gestational-age infants during the first week of life.

Plasma lipoprotein levels and composition have been determined in preterm and small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants, and compared to full-term infants, during the first week of life. Significantly lower levels of HDL and higher levels of VLDL were found in both preterm and SGA infants in comparison to full-term healthy infants. These results suggest a low capacity to metabolize VLDL. Preterm infants showed a behaviour similar to full-term infants with regard to the changes in lipoprotein composition. Small-for-gestational-age infants showed a higher lipoprotein lipid content than preterm infants. A low ratio of cholesteryl ester to free cholesterol (CE/FC) was found in both preterm and SGA infants suggesting a reduced lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) activity. In preterm infants we observed no changes in the CE/FC ratio during the first week of life, whereas in SGA infants this ratio increased after birth.