Engineered nascent living human tissues with unit programmability.

Leveraging human cells as materials precursors is a promising approach for fabricating living materials with tissue-like functionalities and cellular programmability. Here we describe a set of cellular units with metabolically engineered glycoproteins that allow cells to tether together to function as macrotissue building blocks and bioeffectors. The generated human living materials, termed as Cellgels, can be rapidly assembled in a wide variety of programmable three-dimensional configurations with physiologically relevant cell densities (up to 108 cells per cm3), tunable mechanical properties and handleability. Cellgels inherit the ability of living cells to sense and respond to their environment, showing autonomous tissue-integrative behaviour, mechanical maturation, biological self-healing, biospecific adhesion and capacity to promote wound healing. These living features also enable the modular bottom-up assembly of multiscale constructs, which are reminiscent of human tissue interfaces with heterogeneous composition. This technology can potentially be extended to any human cell type, unlocking the possibility for fabricating living materials that harness the intrinsic biofunctionalities of biological systems.

Microfluidic-based models to address the bone marrow metastatic niche complexity.

Bone marrow (BM) is a preferential metastatic site for solid cancers, contributing to higher morbidity and mortality among millions of oncologic patients worldwide. There are no current efficient therapies to minimize this health burden. Microfluidic based in vitro models emerge as powerful alternatives to animal testing, as well as promising tools for the development of personalized medicine solutions. The complexity associated with the BM metastatic niche originated a wide variety of microfluidic platforms designed to mimic this microenvironment. This review gathers the essential parameters to design an accurate in vitro microfluidic device, based on a comparative analysis of existing models created to address the different steps of the metastatic cascade.

Advances in Cell-Rich Inks for Biofabricating Living Architectures.

Advancing biofabrication toward manufacturing living constructs with well-defined architectures and increasingly biologically relevant cell densities is highly desired to mimic the biofunctionality of native human tissues. The formulation of tissue-like, cell-dense inks for biofabrication remains, however, challenging at various levels of the bioprinting process. Promising advances have been made toward this goal, achieving relatively high cell densities that surpass those found in conventional platforms, pushing the current boundaries closer to achieving tissue-like cell densities. On this focus, herein the overarching challenges in the bioprocessing of cell-rich living inks into clinically grade engineered tissues are discussed, as well as the most recent advances in cell-rich living ink formulations and their processing technologies are highlighted. Additionally, an overview of the foreseen developments in the field is provided and critically discussed.

[From the psychiatric to the psychosocial crisis: the views present in the Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers]. / Da crise psiquiátrica à crise psicossocial: noções presentes nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis.

This article aims to identify the signs of crisis present in the discourses of Child and Adolescent Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPSij) workers and managers, in the light of the current paradigms in the field, indicating possible impasses and advances in psychosocial care for children and adolescents. We present the results of three exploratory and qualitative studies, which address the theme of the crisis in the CAPSij in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We used as data collection instruments: a questionnaire, semi-structured interview scripts, and a focus group. We used the Thematic Content Analysis for data analysis, identifying two main categories: psychiatric crisis and psychosocial crisis. The notion of psychiatric crisis refers to the presence of acute symptoms and discusses how insufficient this conception is to respond to the complexity of crisis situations. The notion of a psychosocial crisis inscribes suffering as a singular and social experience revealing the importance of micro (family, school, other institutions, and community) and macro-social (social, historical, cultural, political, and economic) contexts in understanding the crisis. It is understood that the presence of both notions evidences the coexistence of psychiatric and psychosocial paradigms, revealing the process of paradigmatic transition in which these services are inserted. Finally, it is reiterated that the production of psychic suffering in children and adolescents is complex and that, to the same extent, their resources and responses should also be complex, thus protecting them from processes that produce more suffering such as institutionalization, pathologization, medicalization, and stigmatization.

Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar as noções de crise presentes nos discursos de trabalhadores e gestores de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis (CAPSij), à luz dos paradigmas vigentes no campo, indicando possíveis impasses e avanços da atenção psicossocial de crianças e adolescentes. Serão apresentados os resultados articulados de três estudos exploratórios de natureza qualitativa, que abordam o tema da crise nos CAPSij da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de coleta de dados: questionário, roteiros de entrevistas semiestruturadas e grupo focal. Para análise de dados utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo Temática, identificando duas categorias principais: crise psiquiátrica e crise psicossocial. A noção de crise psiquiátrica se refere à presença de sintomas agudos e discute-se o quanto essa concepção é insuficiente para responder à complexidade das situações de crise. A noção de crise psicossocial inscreve o sofrimento como uma experiência singular e social, revelando a importância dos contextos microssociais (família, escola, assim como outras instituições e comunidades) e macrossociais (dimensões sociais, históricas, culturais, políticas e econômicas) na compreensão da crise. A presença de ambas as noções evidencia a coexistência dos paradigmas psiquiátrico e psicossociai, além de revelar o processo de transição paradigmática em que esses serviços se encontram. Por fim, reiteramos que a produção do sofrimento psíquico em crianças e adolescentes é complexa e, na mesma medida, seus recursos e respostas também deverão ser, protegendo-os, assim, de processos que produzem mais sofrimento como a institucionalização, a patologização, a medicalização e a estigmatização.

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar las nociones de crisis presentes en los discursos de los trabajadores y gestores de los Centros de Atención Psicosocial Infantil y Juvenil (CAPSij), a la luz de los paradigmas actuales en el campo, indicando posibles impasses y avances de la atención psicosocial de niños y adolescentes. Se presentan los resultados articulados de tres estudios exploratorios y de naturaleza cualitativa que abordan el tema de la crisis en los CAPSij de la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Se utilizaron como instrumentos de recogida de datos: cuestionario, guiones de entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupo de discusión. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido Temático, identificando dos categorías principales: crisis psiquiátrica y crisis psicosocial. La noción de crisis psiquiátrica se refiere a la presencia de síntomas agudos y se discute cómo este concepto es insuficiente para responder a la complejidad de las situaciones de crisis. La noción de crisis psicosocial inscribe el sufrimiento como una experiencia singular y social, revelando la importancia de los contextos microsocial (familia, escuela, otras instituciones y comunidad) y macrosocial (dimensiones sociales, históricas, culturales, políticas y económicas) en la comprensión de la crisis. Se entiende que la presencia de ambas nociones pone de manifiesto la coexistencia de los paradigmas psiquiátrico y psicosocial, revelando el proceso de transición paradigmática en el que se encuentran estos servicios. Finalmente, se reitera que la producción de sufrimiento psicológico en los niños y adolescentes es compleja y que, en la misma medida, sus recursos y respuestas deben ser también complejos, protegiéndolos de procesos que producen más sufrimiento como la institucionalización, la patologización, la medicalización y la estigmatización.

Paramagnetic Ionic Liquid/Metal Organic Framework Composites for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 Separations.

Global warming is arguably the biggest scientific challenge of the twenty-first century and its environmental consequences are already noticeable. To mitigate the emissions of greenhouse gases, particularly of CO2, there is an urgent need to design materials with improved adsorbent properties. Five different magnetic ionic liquids were impregnated into the metal-organic framework ZIF-8. The composites were produced by a direct-contact method, and their performance as sorbents for gas separation applications was studied. The impact of the ionic liquid anion on the sorption capacity and ideal CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 selectivities were studied, focusing on understanding the influence of metal atom and ligand on the adsorbent properties. Reproducible methodology, along with rigorous characterization, were established to assess the impact of the ionic liquid on the performance of the composite materials. Results show that the ionic liquid was well-impregnated, and the ZIF-8 structure was maintained after ionic liquid impregnation. The produced composites were of microporous nature and were thermally stable. CO2, CH4, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms were obtained at 303 K and between 0 and 16 bar. The adsorption-desorption data of the composites were compared with that obtained for original ZIF-8. The general trend in composites is that the increased gas uptake per available pore volume compensates the pore volume loss. Adsorption data per unit mass showed that composites have reversible sorption, but inferior gas uptake at all pressure ranges. This is due to the observed total pore volume loss by the ionic liquid pore occupation/blockage. In most cases, composites showed superior selectivity performance at all pressure range. In particular, the composite [C4MIM]2[MnCl4]@ZIF-8 shows a different low-pressure selectivity trend from the original MOF, with a 33% increase in the CO2/N2 selectivity at 1 bar and 19% increase in the CO2/CH4 selectivity at 10 bar. This material shows potential for use in a post-combustion CO2 capture application that can contribute to greenhouse gas mitigation.

Atenção à crise de crianças e adolescentes: estratégias de cuidado dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis sob a ótica de gestores e familiares / Attention to the crisis of children and adolescents: care strategies of Psychosocial Care Centers for Children and Adolescents from the perspective of managers and family members

Resumo Este estudo objetivou compreender a atenção à crise de crianças e adolescentes nos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial Infantojuvenis (CAPSij), sob a ótica de gestores e familiares, e identificar as estratégias de cuidado utilizadas pelos serviços nas situações de crise. Trata-se de estudo de abordagem qualitativa do qual participaram seis gestores e 12 familiares vinculados a seis CAPSij da cidade de São Paulo. Para a análise de dados, foram utilizados os métodos Análise de Conteúdo e Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Os resultados apontam que as estratégias de cuidado se pautam no acolhimento imediato, cuidado intensivo, intervenção em equipe e articulação da rede, indicando alinhamento às diretrizes da atenção psicossocial. Os principais equipamentos acionados pelas equipes são o CAPSij III e os Hospitais Gerais. A indicação de ações médico-centradas pode revelar o processo de transição paradigmática vivenciado por esses serviços. Reflete-se que a condição peculiar de pessoa em desenvolvimento, em que crianças e adolescentes se encontram, sinaliza especificidades que devem estar presentes na atenção às situações de crise, como a intensa inclusão das famílias e dos outros atores da rede no processo de cuidado, o respeito aos direitos e a luta contra toda e qualquer forma de institucionalização.

Abstract This study aimed to understand crisis care for children and adolescents in Children and Youth Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPSij), from the perspective of managers and family members, and to identify the care strategies used by services in crisis situations. This is a study with a qualitative approach in which six managers and 12 family members linked to six CAPSij in the city of São Paulo participated. For data analysis, Content Analysis and Collective Subject Discourse were used. The results show that the care strategies are based on immediate care, intensive care, team intervention and network articulation, indicating alignment with psychosocial care guidelines. The main equipment used by the teams are the CAPSij III and general hospitals. The indication of doctor-centered actions can reveal the process of paradigm transition experienced by these services. It is reflected that the peculiar condition of the developing person, in which children and adolescents find themselves, points to specificities that must be present in the care of crisis situations, such as the intense inclusion of families and other actors in the network in the care process, respect for rights and the fight against any form of institutionalization.

Reconstrução nasal: análise de série de casos / Nasal reconstruction: an analysis of a series of cases

INTRODUÇÃO: A reconstrução nasal é desafiadora devido à posição central e proeminente do nariz na face. Pequenos defeitos nessa região tornam-se óbvios. Análise retrospectiva das 146 cirurgias de reconstrução nasal nos Serviços Integrados de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Ipiranga - SICPHI, avaliando a incidência dos defeitos nasais, assim como as principais técnicas cirúrgicas realizadas de acordo com cada região nasal. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo pela revisão de 109 prontuários e arquivos fotográficos, dos pacientes atendidos nos Serviços Integrados de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital Ipiranga, em São Paulo, SP, no período compreendido entre janeiro de 2011 a junho de 2014. RESULTADOS: Foram realizadas 146 cirurgias. A faixa etária média foi de 67 anos. Em relação ao tipo de tumores malignos encontrados, 104 (73%) eram carcinoma basocelular e três (2%) carcinoma espinocelular. As 36 (25%) lesões restantes eram de características benignas. As regiões nasais mais acometidas foram: asa nasal, 55 (38%); dorso, 36 (25%); ponta, 26 (18%); lateral, 12 (8%); não especificada, sete (5%); comprometimento total do nariz, cinco (3%); e columela, dois (1%). Observou-se a preferência ao fechamento primário dos defeitos. No caso de impossibilidade do mesmo, realizaram-se retalhos locais, concordando com a literatura. CONCLUSÃO: As subunidades estéticas nasais podem ser reconstruídas por uma variabilidade de técnicas cirúrgicas. O cirurgião deve buscar um adequado resultado estético e funcional.

INTRODUCTION: Nasal reconstruction is challenging because of the central position and role of the nose in the face. Minor defects in this region become obvious. A retrospective analysis of 146 nasal reconstruction surgeries in the Integrated Plastic Surgery Services of the Ipiranga Hospital (SICP-HI) was performed, evaluating the incidence of nasal defects, as well as the main surgical techniques performed in accordance with each nasal region. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study through a review of 109 medical records and photograph archives of patients treated in SICP-HI, São Paulo, SP, from January 2011 to June 2014. RESULTS: A total of 146 surgeries were performed. The mean patient age was 67 years. Regarding the type of malignant tumors found, 104 (73%) were basal cell carcinoma and 3 (2%) were squamous cell carcinoma. The remaining 36 (25%) lesions were benign. The most affected nasal regions were as follows: nasal wing, 55 (38%); the dorsum, 36 (25%); tip, 26 (18%); sidewalls, 12 (8%); unspecified, 7 (5%); total involvement of the nose, 5 (3%); and the columella, 2 (1%). There was a preference for primary closure of the defect. However, if this was infeasible, local flaps were used, in agreement with the literature. CONCLUSION: The nasal aesthetic subunits can be reconstructed using a variety of surgical techniques. The surgeon should seek an appropriate aesthetic and functional outcome.

Farmácia: a porta de entrada para o acesso a medicamentos para idosos residentes em Santos / Pharmacy: a gateway to access to medicines for elderly individuals living in the city of Santos

Este estudo teve como objetivos conhecer o perfil dos medicamentos utilizados pelos idosos, com ênfase na associação entre aqueles de uso contínuo mais utilizados e outros fármacos sem indicação médica e avaliar a função social do farmacêutico nas farmácias privadas. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa qualitativa de natureza compreensiva e explicativa, realizada no município de Santos, em 2008, em bairros com maior concentração de idosos (IBGE,2000). Nesses bairros, foram identificadas três farmácias privadas, que autorizaram a realização da pesquisa por um período de uma semana, quando foram realizadas as entrevistas, a partir de um roteiro estruturado.Os resultados evidenciaram um maior consumo dos idosos para as classes farmacológicas dos medicamentos de uso contínuo (os anti-hipertensivos, antidiabéticos, diuréticos e o antiagregante plaquetário). Dentre os medicamentos adquiridos sem prescrição médica, destacaram-se a compra de: analgésicos/antitérmicos, antigripais, antiinflamatórios e fitoterápicos. Alguns dos que compõem esse conjunto são tarjados e exigiriam a apresentação do receituário. As evidências obtidas apontam para o fato de que o consumo autoindicado, associado ao uso de medicamentos de uso contínuo, é uma prática rotineira entre os idosos.