Prognostic factors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy.

BACKGROUND: Definitive evaluation of surgical specimens obtained after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CRT) is important for assessing additional treatment or prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In this study, we examined the histological prognostic factors for ESCC patients treated with CRT and determined an appropriate strategy for their evaluation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The present study involved 38 consecutive ESCC patients who underwent CRT followed by curative operation. CRT consisted of 5-fluorouracil plus cisplatin and 40 Gy of radiation. We examined histological variables as follows: CRT effect on primary tumor (T-effect: T-effective/T-ineffective), tumor depth (pT), lymph node metastases (pN: pN0/N1), number of lymph node metastases (number-pN), lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the independent prognostic factors. Survivals and mode of recurrence were then evaluated according to the independent prognostic factors. RESULTS: In the univariate analyses, T-effect, pN, number-pN, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion were found to be prognostic factors with p < 0.01, and pT was a factor with p < 0.05. In the multivariate analysis, pN and T-effect were independent prognostic factors. The five-year survival rate of pN0 patients was more than 75%, even though the T-effect was poor. The 5-year survival rate of patients judged as pN1/T-effective was 50%, whereas all of the pN1/T-ineffective patients died within 2 years with relapse disease. CONCLUSION: The evaluation method using both pN status and T-effect is useful for assessing prognosis of ESCC patients treated with neoadjuvant CRT.

Interleukin-32 expression and Treg infiltration in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Interleukin-32 (IL32) has been newly-identified as a proinflammatory cytokine. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the clinical role of IL32-positive cells in esophageal squamous cell cancer (ESCC) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) infiltration in the stroma. A total of 179 patients with ESCC who underwent surgical resection from 1990 to 2004 were eligible for this study. The expression of IL32 and the degree of stromal infiltration by Tregs were examined simultaneously. The association between each factor and the clinicopathological features was analyzed. Sixty and 74 out of 179 patients with ESCC were regarded as having IL32-positive tumors and many Tregs (high-Treg group), respectively. The IL32-positive and high-Treg groups had significantly deeper tumor invasion than did the IL32-negative and low-Treg groups (p<0.05, for both groups). The multivariate analysis indicated that a combination of IL32 expression and presence of Tregs was one of the poor independent factors (p<0.05). IL32 expression and Treg infiltration in ESCC play an important synergistic role in tumor growth and invasion. The combination of IL32 positivity and degree of infiltration of Treg is a useful prognostic marker in ESCC.