The safety and efficacy of electroanatomical mapping (EAM)-guided device implantation.

BACKGROUND: The conventional method of device implantation requires fluoroscopic guidance. With the guidance of three-dimensional (3-D) navigation systems, devices can be implanted with minimal use of fluoroscopy. To date, this technique has been reported in several case reports in young, pregnant patients. However, this technique has not been widely utilized by electrophysiologists, despite offering several benefits, including reduced radiation exposure for the patient and the operator. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated 18 patients who successfully underwent device implantation with limited use of fluoroscopy under the guidance of the EnSite Precision 3-D mapping navigation system (Abbott, St. Paul, MN, USA). In most of the patients, the total fluoroscopy time was 1 s, accounted by a single postprocedural frame to insure appropriate lead placement. RESULTS: A total of 19 leads were implanted in 18 patients (14 male, four female) using the electroanatomical mapping (EAM)-guided technique. A total of 19 leads were implanted in 15 patients (10 male, five female) using the conventional method. The average length of stay was 1.20 days in the EAM group compared to 1.47 days in the conventional group (P = .10). Majority of the devices implanted in both groups were single-chamber implantable cardiac defibrillators (VVI ICD, Abbott) implanted for cardiomyopathy with left ventricular ejection fraction persistently below 35%, including 88% (16/18) in the EAM group compared to 73% (11/15) in the conventional group. No periprocedural or immediate postprocedure complications were reported in either group. Device parameters, including impedance, capture time, and capture voltage, showed no significant difference in either group. Total radiation time and radiation dose were markedly lower in the EAM-guided implantation group. CONCLUSIONS: In patients who meet appropriate criteria for device implantation, the use of EAM system offers a safe, practical, efficacious alternative method to device implantation, with significant reduction in radiation time and dose.

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Used to Determine a Rare Etiology of a Layered Left Ventricular Apical Thrombus.

Eosinophilic myocarditis (EM) is a rare disease, often associated with hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). Historically, the diagnostic gold standard was endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). We present a unique case of a 58-year-old female who presents after a syncopal episode and was found to have a layered left ventricular (LV) thrombus. Using laboratory studies and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we were able to delineate the etiology, avoiding any invasive testing.

Assessing the Impact of Intensified Hypertension (HTN) Treatment Guidelines: A Single Center Experience.

INTRODUCTION:  Hypertension (HTN) is an independent risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and premature death. In 2017 there was a shift in the definition of HTN by the American College of Cardiology (ACC), as well as the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), resulting in lower blood pressure (BP) readings meeting criteria for diagnosis. Our study aimed to explore the impact the change had on a single cardiology practice's management of patients with HTN. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of a single cardiology practice. We separated the time into two categories: 12 months before and 12 months after the reclassification of HTN categories in November 2017. A paired t-test analysis was done comparing averaged blood pressures (BPs) in each of the two time periods, as well as the number of medications in each time period and several subgroup analyses. RESULTS: A total of 441 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients were prescribed an average of 2.61 ± 1.20 medications at baseline, and 2.74 ± 1.22 medications post-reclassification (p < 0.0001). There was an average of 0.82 ± 1.28 medication changes per patient. The overall average BP was 133.7 ± 14.1/76.4 ± 9.5 at baseline, and 131.3 ± 13.1/76.7 ± 7.7 after the recategorization [Δ -2.41 (95% CI 1.18-3.63)/0.269 (95% CI -0.29 to 0.459); p<0.0001 for systolic blood pressure (SBP), p=0.467 for diastolic blood pressure (DBP)]. CONCLUSION: The change in definition of HTN significantly impacted this single cardiology practice. There was a statistically significant increase in antihypertensive medications prescribed with an expected decrease in BP observed in this study.

Characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolated from swine in three Michigan counties.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci are a major cause of nosocomial infections but are rarely found in humans in the community and have not been identified in food animals in the United States. We evaluated a total of 360 fecal specimens from humans and their animals being raised for exhibit at three county fairs in Michigan. Fecal samples from 158 humans, 55 swine, 50 cattle, 25 horses, 57 sheep, 14 goats, and 1 llama were obtained and plated onto Enterococcosel agar containing 16 µg/ml of vancomycin. Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREF) was isolated from six pigs but not from humans or any animal other than pigs. All six VREF isolates had a MIC to vancomycin of ≥256 µg/ml and contained the vanA gene. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of the six VREF isolates were ≥80% similar. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed sequence type 5 (ST5) (n = 2), ST6 (n = 3), and ST185 (n = 1), which are E. faecium sequence types belonging to clonal complex 5 (CC5). These findings show the dissemination of VREF strains among pigs in three Michigan counties. This is the first report of VRE found in food animals in the United States.

CardioMems® device implantation reduces repeat hospitalizations in heart failure patients: A single center experience.

INTRODUCTION: Hospital readmission for congestive heart failure remains one of the most important economic burdens on healthcare cost. The implantation of a wireless pressure monitoring device (CardioMEMS®) had led to nearly 40% reduction in readmission rates in the landmark CHAMPION trial. We aim to study the effectiveness of this wireless device in reducing heart failure admissions in a real-world setting. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart review of patients with recurrent admissions for heart failure implanted with the wireless pressure monitoring system (CardioMEMS®) at our institution. We studied the total number of all-cause hospital admissions as well as heart failure-related admissions pre- and post-implantation. RESULTS: A total of 27 patients were followed for 6-18 months. The total number of all-cause hospital admissions prior to device implantation was 61 admissions for all study patients, while the total number for the post-implantation period was 19, correlating with 2.26 + 1.06 admissions/person-year prior to device implantation versus 0.70 + 0.95 admissions/person-year post-implantation (p-value < 0.001). For heart failure-related admissions, the total number prior to device implantation was 46 compared to 9 admissions post device implantations, correlating with 1.70 + 1.07 admissions/person-years pre-implantation versus 0.33 + 0.62 admissions/person-years post-implantation (p-value < 0.001). This translates to 80.4% and 68.9% reduction in heart failure and all-cause admissions, respectively. CONCLUSION: In a real-world setting, the implantation of a wireless heart failure monitoring system in patients with heart failure and class III symptoms has resulted in 80.4% reduction in heart failure admissions and 69% reduction in all-cause admissions.

Streptococcus constellatus Causing Septic Thrombophlebitis of the Right Ovarian Vein with Extension into the Inferior Vena Cava.

Introduction. Streptococcus constellatus collectively with Streptococcus anginosus and Streptococcus intermedius constitute the Streptococcus anginosus (formerly Streptococcus milleri) group. Though they are commonly associated with abscesses, bacteremia with subsequent septic thrombophlebitis is extremely rare, and resulting mortality is infrequent. Case Presentation. We report a case of a previously healthy 60-year-old African American female who presented with Streptococcus constellatus bacteremia associated with septic thrombophlebitis to the right ovarian vein extending into the inferior vena cava. She was urgently treated with antibiotics and anticoagulation. Conclusion. Septic thrombophlebitis has a clinical presentation that is often misleading. Therefore, a high clinical index of suspicion and the use of appropriate imaging modalities (computed tomography) are essential in recognizing and confirming this diagnosis. Prompt treatment is warranted. Surgical thrombectomies have been successfully replaced by a combination of antibiotics and anticoagulation therapy.