Terminology focused on design and retention methods used for anterior resin-bonded fixed partial dentures in English literature: A scoping review.

Purpose: Novel terms describing several designs of resin-bonded fixed partial dentures (RBFPDs) continue to appear. Indeed, a variety of terms are used in the English scientific literature The use of a standard terminology is important for a fair and efficient understanding. This study aimed to investigate if the terminology used to describe designs and retention methods for anterior RBFPDs is standard. Methods: An electronic search in the English literature was conducted in PubMed/Medline to identify all publications reporting RBFPDs in the anterior region until August 2022. This search was completed by hand searching. Terms indicating different designs of RBFPDs were listed and then classified. Percentages of their use were calculated to determine the commonly used terms. Analysis of the use of these terms was performed based on the standards determined by the latest edition of the Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms (GPT). The impacts of the MeSH Thesaurus and GPT on the nomenclature used for RBFPDs was assessed. Results: A total of 125 articles were eligible for this review. In the retained articles, 86 terms were found. Among them, thirty-nine terms were classified into three groups. Only six terms were defined in the latest edition of GPT (GPT-9). Several classified terms that are commonly used were not identified in the GPT-9. Conversely to the GPT-9 which impact was insignificant, the MeSH Thesaurus had an important impact on the nomenclature used for RBFPDs. Conclusion: The terminology used to describe designs and retention methods for anterior RBFPDs was non-standard. The GPT-9, constituting an important reference, defined a limited number of terms related to RBFPDs and had no significant impact on the standardization of the terminology used for RBFPDs. Efforts should therefore be continued to standardize the terminology. A specialized mini-glossary grouping and defining all the terms found in this study will helpful in clarifying the terminology used for the anterior RBFPDs.

3,3'-Dicyclo-pentyl-1,1'-(1,3-phenyl-enedimethyl-ene)dibenzimidazol-1-ium bis-(hexa-fluoro-phosphate).

In the title compound, C(32)H(36)N(4) (2+)·2PF(6) (-), the cation and the anions each have crystallographic twofold rotation symmetry. The benzimidazole ring is almost planar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0161 (1) Å] and makes a dihedral angle of 5.77 (4)° with its symmetry-related component and a dihedral angle of 80.96 (5)° with the central benzene ring. The cyclo-pentyl ring adopts a half-chair conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked into a three-dimensional network through C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds. A C-H⋯π inter-action is also observed.

3,3'-Di-n-propyl-1,1'-(1,3-phenyl-ene-dimethyl-ene)di(1H-imidazol-3-ium) bis-(hexa-fluorophosphate).

In the title compound, C(20)H(28)N(4) (2+)·2PF(6) (-), the dihedral angles between the benzene ring and the imidazole rings are 70.18 (11) and 69.83 (11)°, while the imidazole rings form a dihedral angle of 40.52 (12)°. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯F inter-actions link the mol-ecules into a two-dimensional network parallel to (001). A π-π inter-action with a centroid-centroid distance of 3.601 (1) Šis also observed in the crystal structure.

3,3'-Diethyl-1,1'-(1,4-phenyl-ene-dimethyl-ene)diimidazol-3-ium bis-(hexa-fluoro-phosphate).

In the title mol-ecular salt, C(18)H(24)N(4) (2+)·2PF(6) (-), the complete dication is generated by a crystallographic inversion centre. The central benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 77.19 (9)° with each of the imidazole rings. In the crystal, C-H⋯F inter-actions link the cations and anions into layers lying parallel to the bc plane. The hexa-fluoro-phosphate anion is disordered over two sets of sites in a 0.520 (11):0.480 (11) ratio.

A rare cause of adult's epileptic crisis: Infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor.

Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a rare and benign lesion which has been recently included in World Health Organization Classification of the central nervous system tumors. Another entity of lesions would present the same radiological characteristics; however, it would be in the posterior fossa, hence its name: infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor. They are frequently characterized by the presence of cystic (or cyst-like) nodular lesions and may show cortical involvement. They mainly can be differentiated from other cystic entities, by their clustered and unchanging nature over time. We present the case of a 54-year-old patient who has consulted for epileptic seizures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed a multicystic-looking mass involving the vermis and the left cerebellar hemisphere that had no changes at follow-up in the last year suggestive of infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor.

Early bilateral pulmonary embolism in a polytrauma patient: About a case report.

Introduction: and importance: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a well-known complication in polytrauma patients, associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity. Generally pulmonary embolism (PE) is most common between the fifth and seventh days following a significant trauma, and it is uncommon before the fourth day. Their management remains a challenge to physicians given the nature and risk of blood loss from the accompanying injuries must be considered while using anticoagulant therapy. Case presentation: Here we present a case of acute pulmonary embolism in a previously healthy young woman that developed two days after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) and varying degrees of additional blunt thoracic trauma. An angio CT scan was used to make the diagnosis, and the patient was given anticoagulant medication with close monitoring and satisfactory outcomes. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that early after trauma, a considerable number of trauma patients are hypercoagulable. In patients with unexplained dyspnea/hypoxia, clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion and explore PE early after injury. In the case of traumatic brain injury patients with cerebral contusions, intraparenchymal haemorrhages, or subdural/extradural haemorrhages, the existence of post-traumatic PE adds to the problems.

3,3'-Di-n-propyl-1,1'-[p-phenyl-enebis(methyl-ene)]diimidazolium dibromide.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(20)H(28)N(4) (2+)·2Br(-), consists of half a 3,3'-di-n-propyl-1,1'-[p-phenyl-enenis(methyl-ene)]diimidazolium cation and a bromide anion. The cation is located on an inversion center and adopts an ⋯AAA⋯ trans conformation. In the crystal, the cation is linked to the anions via weak C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds.

Surgical and anesthetic management of paraganglioma diagnosed in a 2nd trimester parturient: Case report.

INTRODUCTION: Neuroendocrine tumors represent a rare entity whose diagnosis is based on clinical, biological and radiological arguments. When they are secreting, they expose the patient to serious complications that can be much more severe during pregnancy and engage the vital prognosis of both the mother and the fetus, which requires multidisciplinary management: anesthesiologist resuscitator - obstetrician - endocrinologist. CASE PRESENTATION: In our article, we report the case of a patient with an estimated pregnancy at 25 weeks of amenorrhea (WA) with a history of 3 miscarriages related to atypical gravid hypertension.The treatment consisted of preoperative medical preparation followed by removal of the paraganglioma and postoperative monitoring. The maternal-fetal evolution was favorable. CONCLUSION: The non-negligible morbi-mortality of this type of tumors require a multidisciplinary management.

3,3'-Di-n-butyl-1,1'-(p-phenyl-ene-dimethyl-ene)diimidazolium bis-(hexa-fluoro-phosphate).

The asymmetric unit of the title N-heterocyclic carbene compound, C(22)H(32)N(4) (2+)·2PF(6) (-), consists of one half of the N-heterocyclic carbene dication and one hexa-fluoro-phosphate anion. The dication lies across a crystallographic inversion center. The imidazole ring is twisted away from the central benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 76.23 (6)°. The hexa-fluoro-phosphate anions link the cations into a three-dimensional network via inter-molecular C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds. A weak C-H⋯π inter-action further stabilizes the crystal structure.

Slow proliferation as a biological feature of colorectal cancer metastasis.

BACKGROUND: We have recently reported an inverse relationship between colon cancer progression and tumour proliferative activity. Here, we extend our findings by evaluating the proliferative activity of liver metastatic lesions and primary colorectal cancers (CRC) that differ in their metastatic potential. METHODS: Using an earlier established multi-gene proliferation signature (GPS), proliferative levels were analysed in 73 primary CRCs and 27 liver metastases. RESULTS: Compared with primary CRCs, we observed a significantly lower expression of the GPS in liver metastases and confirmed their lower proliferative levels by quantitative RT-PCR and Ki-67 immunostaining. No difference could be detected in apoptotic indices as assessed by M30 immunostaining, indicating that the net growth rate is lower in metastases relative to primary tumours. Notably, relapsed primaries or those with established metastases had significantly lower proliferative activity than CRCs that were non-metastatic and did not relapse. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that slow proliferation is a biological characteristic of both liver metastases and those primary tumours with the ability to metastasise. The delineation of the mechanisms underlying the inverse association between proliferation and CRC aggressiveness may be important for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

[Active drug monitoring of adverse drug reactions in pediatric emergency department]. / Recueil systématique et actif des évènements indésirables médicamenteux chez les enfants admis aux urgences pédiatriques.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children consulting at the pediatric emergency unit during a 6-month period. METHOD: The regional pharmacovigilance center (CRPV) and the department of clinical pharmacology prospectively and systematically recorded all potential ADRs among patients younger than 18 years of age in the pediatric emergency unit reported at the daily staff meetings. All cases were then screened and validated by the CRPV. For validated cases, preventability, seriousness, and off-label use were evaluated. RESULTS: During the study period, from 1 March to 1 September 2005, 90 children presented potential adverse drug events. ADRs were confirmed in 43 patients, 19 females and 24 males. Thirty-four patients (79%) were under the age of 5. According to the European definition, 14 patients (33%) had serious ADRs. One anaphylactic shock after amoxicillin injection; antimalarial prophylaxis misuse leading to convulsive status epilepticus, convulsion, and coma after hepatitis B and MMR vaccines were deemed life-threatening. Three ADRs were considered avoidable. Antibiotics and vaccines were the most common possible cause of ADRs (76%). Skin reactions (n=27), fever (n=8), and gastric disorders (n=5) were the most common clinical manifestations. CONCLUSIONS: Because ADRs were reported by clinicians on a voluntary basis, serious ADRs were probably reported more systematically. Compared to a similar period without active monitoring, active drug monitoring of ADRs doubled the number of confirmed cases 43 vs 17, p<0.001. Close collaboration between the pharmacovigilance center, pharmacologists, and clinicians is necessary and seems feasible for improving the monitoring of ADRs in children.

Antidiarrheal effect of sodium hydrosulfide in diabetic rats: In vitro and in vivo studies.

BACKGROUND: The inhibitory effects of H2 S on spontaneous contractions of smooth muscles of small, and large intestines well-established but its role in the pathophysiology of diarrhea has not been identified. Therefore, this study evaluated the role of exogenous H2 S (NaHS) on diabetic-induced diarrhea and determined mRNA expression of cystathionine ß-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine γ-synthase (CBS) in diabetic rats. METHODS: In order to evaluate antidiarrheal effect of H2 S, normal and diabetic rats received NaHS and L-Cysteine and the total number of fecal pellets (FP) determined. The effect of NaHS on intestinal transit ratio (ITR) was also evaluated in diabetic rats. The level of mRNA expressions of CBS and CSE determined in smooth muscles of jejunum, ileum, and colon in normal, and diabetic rats. The effect of NaHS on frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of smooth muscle strips of colon, ileum, and jejunum were investigated. KEY RESULTS: NaHS decreased ITR, total number of FP, frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of colon, ileum, and jejunum muscle strips in diabetic rats. The level of mRNA expression of CSE and CBS in diabetic rats were lower than in normal rats. NaHS, and L-Cysteine decreased the number of FP in normal rats. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES: These findings showed NaHS effectively controlled diarrhea in diabetic rats through decreasing the frequency, and tension of spontaneous contraction of smooth muscles of large, and small intestines. The increased frequency and tension of spontaneous contractions of smooth muscles in diabetic rats may be due to down-regulation of H2 S biosynthesis enzymes.

Effects of Teratogenic Drugs on CYP1A1 Activity in Differentiating Rat Embryo Cells.

CYP1A1, a P450 isoenzyme, is involved in the phase I xenobiotic metabolism including teratogen drugs. In the present study, the ability of teratogens to elevate the embryonic expression of CYP1A1 was examined. Micromass cell cultures prepared from day 13 rat embryo limb buds (LB). LB cells were cultivated and exposed for 5 days to retinoic acid (RA), hydrocortisone (HC), caffeine (CA) and quinine (QN). CYP1A1 protein expression and activity were measured using immunofluorescence staining and ethoxyresorufin O-deethylation (EROD) assay, respectively. The EROD activity increased significantly following LB cells exposure to RA and HC (p<0.05) but the expression of CYP1A1 protein was reduced by these drugs, whereas the expression of CYP1A1 protein and EROD activity decreased significantly following the addition of CA and QN (p<0.05, p<0.01). Our findings show that studied teratogens have potency to increase CYP1A1 activity.

Malignant melanoma of cervical and parotid lymph nodes with an unknown primary site.

Forty-six patients with malignant melanoma metastatic to cervical or parotid lymph nodes with an unknown primary site were treated at UCLA Medical Center from 1964 through 1991. Treatment consisted of parotidectomy and/or neck dissection with or without adjuvant therapy. The initial presentation was a cervical mass in 74% and a parotid mass in 26% of patients. Metastasis distal to the head and neck nodal basins developed in 22% of patients. Involvement of more than four cervical or parotid nodes resulted in a significant increase in distant metastasis (P < .01). Adjuvant therapy was found to have no significant effect on survival rates. However, age at the time of diagnosis influenced the survival rates. The significance of the improved survival of these patients as compared to those with a known primary melanoma is discussed.

Transpharyngeal approach to base of tongue tumors: a comparative study.

Tumors of the tongue base have been traditionally removed by resecting the mandible or using a translabial transmandibular approach. These procedures involve significant morbidity including lip and chin scars, malocclusion, compromised deglutition, chronic aspiration, and altered speech articulation. Therefore alternative techniques have been described to minimize the morbidity associated with transmandibular tongue resection. A retrospective analysis of patients with base of tongue tumors treated at the University of California, Los Angeles, Medical Center between 1981 and 1994 was undertaken. Thirteen patients were treated using a transpharyngeal approach compared with 18 patients who underwent a transmandibular resection. There was no difference in terms of survival or tumor-free margins. However, there was a significant difference in function (P < .05). Patients who underwent transpharyngeal resection had significantly better speech and swallowing and less aspiration compared with those who underwent transmandibular resection of tumors.

Treatment of vocal fold granuloma using botulinum toxin type A.

Contact granuloma of the vocal folds has been associated with abnormal use of the voice, and acid reflux may exacerbate the inflammatory process. Treatments have included voice therapy and antireflux measures. Surgical excision is considered in patients who do not respond to medical management. Localized injections of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX) have been effective in patients with disorders of muscular control in the head and neck. In this study, granulomas resolved in six patients who underwent injection of the affected vocal folds. Botulinum toxin type A is probably successful because it prevents forceful closure of the arytenoids during phonation and coughing. Localized injection of this neurotoxin is promising both as an initial treatment and as an alternative treatment in patients who do not respond to standard therapy or who are poor surgical candidates.

Effects of arytenoid adduction on laryngeal function following ansa cervicalis nerve transfer for vocal fold paralysis in an in vivo canine model.

Laryngeal reinnervation with the ansa cervicalis has been proposed as a treatment for human unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). This study tested the assumption that results from reinnervation could be improved if combined with medialization surgery. Six canine subjects underwent recurrent laryngeal nerve section and reinnervation with a branch of the ansa cervicalis. After reinnervation, vocal function was assessed before and after arytenoid adduction. Although laryngeal function improved significantly following reinnervation, results were significantly enhanced by the addition of medialization surgery. The implications for the treatment of human unilateral vocal fold paralysis are discussed.

Measurement of adductory force of individual laryngeal muscles in an in vivo canine model.

In this experiment, the adductory properties of three intrinsic laryngeal muscles (the thyroarytenoid [TA], lateral cricoarytenoid [LCA], and interarytenoid [IA]) were studied and quantified. Using an in vivo canine laryngeal model, a recently developed "tensionometer" was used to measure the adductory force produced by each of these muscles at the vocal process of the arytenoid. Isolated muscle activation was obtained by stimulating selective terminal branches of the anterior division of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Results indicate that the LCA is the strongest adductory muscle, followed by the TA and the IA. Videolaryngoscopy revealed that LCA contraction causes adduction of the vocal fold and vocal process, with the predominant effect on the process. TA stimulation leads primarily to adduction of vocal fold, and the IA adducts mainly the vocal process. Implications of these findings are discussed.

Relation of recurrent laryngeal nerve compound action potential to laryngeal biomechanics.

This study was designed to investigate the compound action potential (CAP) of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and to correlate this electrophysiologic signal to laryngeal biomechanics and phonatory function. Four adult mongrel canines were anesthetized. The RLN was isolated and stimulated, and recording electrodes were applied. The electromyographic (EMG) electrode was placed in the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle. The RLN CAP and the EMG of the TA muscle were recorded and compared to the stimulation intensity, subglottic pressure (Psub), and each other. The CAP peak-to-peak and EMG peak-to-peak amplitudes demonstrated a sigmoidal relation to stimulus intensity and a linear relation to Psub and to each other. On the basis of these findings, the RLN CAP appears to be a reliable physiologic measure of laryngeal function.

Characteristics of an in vivo canine model of phonation with a constant air pressure source.

Many previous studies of laryngeal biomechanics using in vivo models have employed a constant air How source. Several authors have recently suggested that the lung-thorax system functions as a constant pressure source during phonation. This study describes an in vivo canine system designed to maintain a constant peak subglottic pressure (Psub) using a pressure-controlling mechanism. Increasing levels of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) stimulation resulted in a significant rise in resistance followed by a plateau. For a given Psub, flow decreased significantly and precipitously with increasing stimulation and then quickly plateaued. Vocal intensity increased with increasing RLN stimulation until a peak was reached. After this peak, intensity dropped until a plateau was reached, corresponding to the flow minimum. At a given Psub, increasing levels of RLN stimulation resulted in a normal distribution of vocal efficiencies.