[The role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of lung cancer]. / Rol' komp'iuternoi tomografii v diagnostike raka legkogo.

The paper discusses the data on 229 cases of lung pathology including 85 with cancer. Sensitivity and specificity were 89.4 and 86% for standard X-ray procedures and 91.8 and 90.3% for computed tomography, respectively. Combined application of the methods was followed by a rise in the parameters to 94.1 and 93%, respectively. Computed tomography proved useful for early detection of lung metastases.

[Possibilities of computerized tomography in the diagnosis of gastric tumors]. / Vozmozhnosti komp'iuternoi tomografii v diagnostike opukholei zheludka.

On basis of experience in computed tomography (CT) of the stomach in 76 individuals, in 44 of whom gastric tumors were diagnosed, the possibilities of this method in the recognition of this pathological condition are discussed. The authors discuss in detail their own method of CT of the stomach, which combines elements of the classical gastroroentgenology and the specific features of CT characteristic of it as an independent method. The method is based on fractional contrasting of the gastric lumen by introducing air through a nasogastric catheter. It practically excludes the possibility of diagnostic errors associated with visualization of "pseudothickenings" of the gastric wall, and thus removes the main limiting factor of using CT in the diagnosis of gastric tumors. Appraising quite highly the CT potential in neoplastic diseases of the stomach, the authors emphasize that the method must be used in complex with the existing traditional means of examination of the stomach.

[Computed tomography and pulmonary pathology]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia i legochnaia patologiia.

By using the data on 570 cases with lung cancer, 49 with various types of tuberculosis, 13 with benign tumours, and 223 with acute and chronic inflammatory lung diseases, the authors of the paper analyze their diagnosis by using the currently available techniques X-ray computed tomography (CT). The role of CT is compared with the techniques of the so-called classical roentgenology. In the authors' opinion, CT for central lung cancer is of the greatest importance in its peribronchial malignancy while in peripheral lung cancer it provides an objective insight into the involvement of the pleura. As for a large group of pulmonary diseases which may be subsumed under the heading of inflammatory diseases, CT has proved to be also a highly effective diagnostic technique that correctly interprets some complicated cases to make an accurate diagnosis. By and large, computed tomography for pulmonary tuberculosis is more effective in the assessment of the extent of a process, in case-finding and in the definition of the characteristics of cavities, small ones in particular (as small as 3-4 mm), which are present in the consolidated infiltrates, tuberculomas and individual foci, as well as in the detection of small seeding foci. The authors consider CT to become one of the leading techniques in the diagnosis of major pulmonary disease.

[Potentialities of present day computed tomography in diagnosis of stomach cancer]. / Vozmozhnosti sovremennoi kompiutornoi tomografii v diagnostike raka zheludka.

Based on the findings of 206 examinations, the authors advance their opinion of the role of X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. The authors think that if their developed procedure for X-ray computed tomography based on the use of usual air as the only contrast agent by measuring it out in doses and administering into the gastric at CT scanning, which is called pneumoroentgenocomputered tomography (PRCT), is employed, it, preserving all the traditional, already known, advances of XRCT additionally yields highly valuable information on a direct damage to the gastric wall itself. The findings suggest that PRCT is especially effective in intramurally growing gastric cancers, the so-called squamous carcinomas, which are hardly differentiated for diagnosis and which are most common. Noteworthy is the fact that in seemingly unquestionable exophytic gastric cancer, detecting intramural tumorous infiltration adjacent to the exophyte, PRCT thus provides evidence that the exophyte revealed is the peculiar top of an iceberg, whose base shows a significant exophytic gastric carcinoma.

[Computed tomography in the diagnosis of endophytic cancer of the stomach]. / Komp'iuternaia tomografiia v diagnostike éndofitnogo raka zheludka.

The authors discuss the potentialities of CT in the diagnosis of endophytic stomach cancer. They proposed a method for CT of the stomach based on a pneumatic study of its lumen via a nasogastric probe with graded inflation and repeated CT imaging. The major CT-semiotics of endophytic stomach cancer were obtained. This method should be employed in combination with the existing routine methods of stomach cancer diagnosis, and its efficacy is in direct relation to the quality of preliminary routine x-ray and endoscopic investigations.

[Magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of gastric cancer: X-ray versus MRI anatomic findings]. / Magnitno-rezonansnaia tomografiia v diagnostike raka zheludka (po materialam rentgeno-MRT-anatomicheskikh sopostavlenii).

The paper assesses the present-day role of MRI in the diagnosis of gastric cancer. The authors consider the major prerequisites for the main aim of their study to be: 1) a dramatic incidence of diffuse (endophytic) gastric carcinoma, which requires significant correction of today's approaches to its diagnosis and 2) a rather biased and, in the authors' opinion, present-day mainly negative attitude towards MRI of the stomach as a diagnostic method for its tumor lesions. By applying the X-ray-MRI anatomic principle to the comparative study of MRI findings in 50 patients with predominantly gastric intramural carcinoma and in 25 patients without gastric tumors (controls), the authors present their methods for gastric MRI, the MRI semiotics of gastric cancer by concurrently touching upon a variety of problems that characterize the potentialities of MRI of the stomach in the diagnosis of its tumor lesions, including their differential diagnosis. As a result, the authors highly appreciate gastric MRI and consider this method to be included into the diagnostic algorithm of radiation techniques used in the diagnosis of gastric cancer, which should occupy its definite diagnostic place.

[Computed tomography in the diagnosis of gastric cancer]. / Nekotorye voprosy KT-diagnostiki raka zheludka.

The potentialities of x-ray computer-aided tomography (CAT) in the studies of intraparietal blastomatous infiltration are analyzed as shown by examinations of 134 patients with gastric cancer. The diagnostic efficacies of various modifications of CAT (filling of the stomach with liquid, pneumoscanning of the stomach with or without tubes) are assessed. Good diagnostic potentialities of tubal scanning of the stomach in the assessment of intraparietal tumor infiltration are demonstrated. CAT semeiotics of gastric cancer is presented, characterizing the tumors with predominantly intraparietal dissemination of blastomatous infiltration. The existent projection limitations of axial CAT of individual portions of the stomach and high price of the examination imply that the indications to the use of this method in gastrooncology should be clearly defined. At the same time, scrupulous adherance to methodologic requirements aimed at imaging of intraparietal changes in gastric cancer may help to solve a number of differential diagnostic difficulties, primarily those connected with predominantly submucously growing carcinomas.

[The role of x-ray computed tomography in the topical diagnosis of insulinomas of the pancreatic gland]. / Rol' rentgenovskoi comp'iuternoi tomografii v topicheskoi diagnostike insulinom podzheludochnoi zhelezy.

Pancreatic insulinomas were intraoperatively revealed in 15 patients. X-ray computed tomography (CAT) revealed the tumor in only 6 (40 %) patients. The mean size of detectable insulinomas was 2.4 cm, that of undetectable ones 1.2 cm. X-ray CAT diagnosis is facilitated in case of a superficial localization of the tumor on the body or tail of the gland .

[Current X-ray diagnosis of stomach cancer (comparison of radiologic and morphological methods of investigation)]. / Sovremennaia luchevaia diagnostika raka zheludka (sopostavlenie luchevykh i morfologicheskikh metodov issledovaniia).

By using the principles of wide comparisons of the data of radiation diagnosis (routine X-ray study, ultrasonography (USG), CT, MRI) with the morphological findings of resected gastric specimens from patients with endophytic gastric cancer (EGC) (n = 85), the authors propose some points in the problem associated with its diagnosis. They believe that by taking into account the fact that there is an obvious growth of endophytic parietally growing gastric cancer with the concurrent reduction in its intestinal forms, it is necessary to restore current radiation to its leading place, along with endoscopy, in detecting the cancer. The authors makes a highly positive assessment of USG, CT, MRI in addition to routine X-ray study and endoscopy particularly in those cases when difficulties emerge in histological verification of the existing signs of parietally growing cancer. The paper makes indications for USG, CT, MRI concrete. The authors also show how to stage gastric cancer.