RESUMO
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a recently developed molecular method that has been successfully implemented in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in clinical specimens. LAMP has several advantages, such as rapidity, high sensitivity, ease of application and cost-effectiveness. As a result, it is anticipated that its use for the detection of M. tuberculosis is likely to become widespread, especially in low-resource countries. The present review aimed to present this method and all of the available information on its implementation in the detection of M. tuberculosis in clinical specimens.
Assuntos
Técnicas Bacteriológicas/métodos , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Humanos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/genéticaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Due to its increased non-susceptibility rates, Klebsiella pneumoniae has emerged as one of the most problematic pathogens. METHODS: The level of resistance to 25 antimicrobials of K. pneumoniae isolates from a teaching hospital in Greece and the evolution trends during 2 decades were examined. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in non-susceptibility rates was found for almost all antimicrobials examined. During 2008, the isolates presented non-susceptibility rates to aminoglycosides >50% and to quinolones >60%. Nowadays, 1 out of 10 isolates is non-susceptible to colistin. Moreover, the isolates non-susceptible to imipenem were almost doubled between 2007 (29%) and 2008 (50%). Among the imipenem-resistant isolates, 1 out of 4 was also resistant to colistin. CONCLUSION: The effectiveness of carbapenems has been compromised and the increase in resistance to colistin is rapid and steep.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Carbapenêmicos/farmacologia , Colistina/farmacologia , Infecções por Klebsiella/microbiologia , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/isolamento & purificação , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Carbapenêmicos/uso terapêutico , Colistina/uso terapêutico , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/fisiologia , Grécia/epidemiologia , Hospitais Universitários , Humanos , Infecções por Klebsiella/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Klebsiella/epidemiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade MicrobianaRESUMO
Mycobacterium arupense is a novel mycobacterium species. It was first identified from clinical specimens in 2006 and since then there have been only two reports of its recovery from clinical samples. In the present case M. arupense was isolated from the sputum of a 62-year-old man with a malignant mass in his left kidney, who presented with a one-month history of recurrent fever, dyspnea and haemoptysis. M. arupense was identified with sequencing of hsp65 and 16S rRNA genes. In the present study, its biochemical profile along with its resistance status and hsp65 RFLP analysis is presented.
Assuntos
Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Impressões Digitais de DNA , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Infecções por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Chaperonina 60/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Mycobacterium/genética , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Infecções por Mycobacterium/patologia , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Escarro/microbiologiaRESUMO
Mycobacterium thermoresistibile is a non-tuberculous mycobacterium strongly associated with human infections. Since 1966, there have only been six reports of its isolation from clinical samples. We report on the first case from Europe and review all the previous cases. Identification was achieved with sequencing of the 16S rRNA and hsp65 genes. This study presents its phenotypic and biochemical profile, susceptibilities to selected antibiotics and hsp65 polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism profile with BsteII and Hae III .
Assuntos
Infecções por Mycobacterium/diagnóstico , Mycobacterium/classificação , Mycobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Chaperonina 60 , Chaperoninas/genética , Análise por Conglomerados , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , DNA Ribossômico/química , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Europa (Continente) , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Infecções por Mycobacterium/microbiologia , Filogenia , Polimorfismo de Fragmento de Restrição , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNARESUMO
Mycobacterium malmoense was isolated from a broncho-alveolar lavage sample of a 73-year-old cancer (small cell lung carcinoma) patient in Crete, representing the first reported case of this pathogen in Greece. The isolate was considered to be a colonizer and the patient did not receive any antimycobacterial treatment while he received chemotherapy to which he responded favourably. No signs of pulmonary infection were noted during the course of his disease. This case provides evidence of the ubiquitous nature of this mycobacterial species, believed until recently to favour cooler climates. We, therefore, propose that the index of suspicion for this pathogen should be raised particularly in patients with underlying immunodeficiency, cancer and chronic lung disease, irrespective of the geographic location.