RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Twenty-seven adult patients, skin type III -V with mild to moderate acne, were recruited. IPL at wavelengths range of 420 - 600nm with triple pulses was administered every two weeks for a total of 3 sessions. Assessment of acne severity and improvement of treatment was based on Global Acne Grading System (GAGS), scoring before and after treatment for each session and patient satisfaction's using a 5-item Likert scale range at the end of session three. RESULTS: Of the 27 patients, 77.8% were female. Their ages group ranged from 18 to 35 years, and all patients had skin type III or IV. There were 14 mild acne patients and 13 moderate ones. There was a statistically significant improvement in mean acne severity score from 18.1± 4.3 at baseline to 14.3 ± 4.6 after two weeks post-IPL and 12.3 ± 4.9 after four weeks post-IPL. The result on satisfaction level of patients showed 'satisfied' in 3 patients, "very satisfied" in 5 patients; and, half of the patients (11) answered "fair" at the end of the study. Most patients tolerated well the procedure, and only 5 patients developed either post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation or skin hyperpigmentation. CONCLUSION: The IPL of wavelength of 400-600nm offers effective, safe, and well-tolerated treatment of mild to moderate acne lesions in Malaysians with skin types III-IV. The majority of subjects had a fair score on treatment satisfaction. It is recommended that reasonable expectations for clinical results be addressed with patients before hands to prevent over-expectation.
Assuntos
Acne Vulgar , Acne Vulgar/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Face , Feminino , Humanos , Pele , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Extra-adrenal /retroperitoneal paraganglioma is a rare cause of hypertension in young with increased incidence of metastasis as compared to adrenal pheochromocytoma. We present a case of a young female with history of headache, nausea/vomiting, palpitations, uncontrolled hypertension, heat intolerance and diaphoresis. The 24-hour urine catecholamine levels were elevated. Clinical diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made and further evaluation with Computed Tomography (CT) scan of the adrenals revealed extradrenal para-aortic retroperitoneal mass in keeping with paraganglioma. Gallium-68 DOTATE positron emission tomography-CT scan (PET-CT) confirmed the diagnosis without evidence of metastatic foci.
Assuntos
Hipertensão/etiologia , Paraganglioma/diagnóstico , Feocromocitoma/diagnóstico , Feminino , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Paraganglioma/complicações , Feocromocitoma/complicações , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada , Sudorese , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios XRESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: While loss of insight of cognitive deficits is a common phenomenon in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), there is a lack of consensus regarding the presence of impaired insight among patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We aim to investigate the clinical, cognitive, and behavioral associations of anosognosia in AD and MCI subjects. METHODS: A consecutive series of 87 subjects (30 healthy older patients, 21 MCI, and 36 AD) each accompanied by a caregiver, underwent clinical assessment including the evaluation of insight using the Anosognosia Questionnaire for Dementia (AQD). We also separately assessed Intellectual Function (AQD-IF) and Behavior domains of the AQD scale. Regression models were subsequently used to investigate associations of AQD scores with cognitive and other neuropsychiatric symptoms, including depression and apathy. RESULTS: Both AD and MCI groups demonstrated significant anosognosia compared with the healthy control group. In the AD group, 55.6% had "Mild Anosognosia," and 27.8% had "Severe Anosognosia." In the MCI group, 42.9% showed "Mild Anosognosia," and 9.5% had "Severe Anosognosia." Greater levels of AQD-Total and AQD-IF were associated with lower Mini-mental state examination and higher apathy scores in the AD group. In the MCI group, caregiver burden was significantly associated with AQD-Total (p = 0.016) and AQD-IF (p = 0.039). CONCLUSION: The results indicated that anosognosia is common in both AD and MCI patients and associated with cognitive dysfunction and apathy in AD. The findings of this study warrant further research to delineate the mechanisms of anosognosia as it poses a challenge to treatment outcomes.
Assuntos
Agnosia/etiologia , Doença de Alzheimer/complicações , Disfunção Cognitiva/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Doença de Alzheimer/psicologia , Apatia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cognição , Disfunção Cognitiva/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Escalas de Graduação PsiquiátricaRESUMO
Andrographis paniculata (AP), a popular ingredient of Oriental folk medicine, is commonly used for treating infection, inflammation, fever and diarrhoea. In this study, extracts prepared from cultivated AP and their active constituent andrographolide were evaluated for antioxidant, antioedema and analgesic activities. The results showed that the aqueous AP extract (AP-H2O) exhibited a greater antioxidant activity than the ethanol AP extract (AP-EtOH) in all model systems tested. At a concentration of 50 microg/mL, the free radical scavenging, xanthine oxidase inhibition and antilipid peroxidation activities for AP-H2O were 66.8%, 57.3% and 65.3%, respectively, and for AP-EtOH were 57.8%, 52.6% and 34.2%, respectively. At a dosage of 100 mg/kg, AP-H2O and andrographolide, but not AP-EtOH, showed antioedema and analgesic activities. In phytochemical analysis, AP-H2O showed a higher concentration of total flavanoid but a lower phenol content than AP-EtOH. In conclusion, AP-H2O was more potent than AP-EtOH in antioxidant activities. Furthermore, compared with andrographolide, AP-H2O as an extract also appears to possess potent antioedema and analgesic activities.
Assuntos
Analgésicos/farmacologia , Andrographis/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Diterpenos/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos ICR , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
Nuzhenzi, the fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait. (Oleaceae), is commonly used as tonic for kidney and liver in the traditional Chinese medicine prescription. The present study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activities of ethanol extract of Ligustrum lucidum fruits (ELL) and its effects on butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)-induced oxidative stress in rats. Results showed that ELL possesses weak antioxidant activities. Compared to the BHT (1000mg/kg)-treated group, results showed that ELL at 250, 500 and 1000mg/kg significantly reduced the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (sGPT), glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (sGOT), alkaline phosphatase (sALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), triglyceride (TG) and creatinine (Cr), as well as LDH in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). It also significantly decreased the level of lipid peroxides in liver and lung. In addition, ELL significantly enhanced the levels of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in these organs. Histopathological evaluation of the tissues revealed that ELL reduced the incidence of lung lesions, while the liver and kidney tissues were not affected by BHT administration. Taken together, the protective effect of ELL against acute BHT-induced oxidative stress in rats could be through the upregulation of antioxidant enzymes.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Rim/efeitos dos fármacos , Ligustrum , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores/sangue , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar/química , Hidroxitolueno Butilado , Catalase/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Etanol/química , Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Frutas , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Rim/metabolismo , Rim/patologia , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Fígado/patologia , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pulmão/patologia , Masculino , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Solventes/química , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Taiwan , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Xantina Oxidase/metabolismoRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of a cultured medicinal fungus--Armillariella mellea (Vahl. ex Fr.) Karst. (AM). Three antioxidant assay systems, namely cytochrome c, xanthine oxidase inhibition and FeCl2-ascorbic acid stimulated lipid peroxidation in rat tissue homogenate tests, were used. Total flavonoid and phenol contents of AM extracts were also analyzed. Results showed that both aqueous (AM-H2O) and ethanolic (AM-EtOH) extracts of solid state cultured AM showed antioxidant activities in a concentration-dependent manner. At concentrations 1-100 microg/ml, the free radical scavenging activity was 73.7-92.1% for AM-H2O, and 60.0-90.8% for AM-EtOH. These extracts also showed an inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity, but with a lesser potency (IC50 - 9.17 microg/ml for AM-H2O and 7.48 microg/ml for AM-EtOH). In general, AM-H2O showed a stronger anti-lipid peroxidation activity on different rat's tissues than AM-EtOH. However, both AM extracts displayed a weak inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation in plasma. Interestingly, the anti-lipid peroxidation activity of AM-H2O (IC50 - 6.66 microg/ml) in brain homogenate was as good as alpha-tocopherol (IC50 - 5.42 microg/ml). AM-H2O (80.0 mg/g) possessed a significant higher concentration of total flavonoids than AM-EtOH (30.0 mg/g), whereas no difference was noted in the total phenol content between these two extracts. These results conclude that AM extracts possess potent free radical scavenging and anti-lipid peroxidation activities, especially the AM-H20 in the brain homogenate.
Assuntos
Agaricales/metabolismo , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Fenol/metabolismo , Animais , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Citocromos c/metabolismo , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Técnicas In Vitro , Peroxidação de Lipídeos , Fígado/metabolismo , Ratos , Extratos de Tecidos , Xantina Oxidase/antagonistas & inibidores , Xantina Oxidase/metabolismoRESUMO
A study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs)-producing Escherichia coli from fecal samples of healthy food animals in Hong Kong. Rectal or cloacal swabs were obtained from cattle, pigs, chicken, ducks, geese, and pigeons in slaughterhouses or wholesale markets over a 5- month period in 2002. Antibiotic-containing medium was used for selective isolation of potentially ESBL-producing E. coli. Of 734 samples analyzed, six (2%) from pigs, three (3.1%) from cattle, and one (3%) from pigeons had E. coli strains with the ESBL phenotype. The ESBL content for the 10 isolates include CTXM- 3 (n = 4), CTX-M-13 (n = 3), CTX-M-14 (n = 2), and CTX-M-24 (n = 1). In five isolates, the bla (CTX-M) gene was encoded on transferable plasmids (60 or 90 kb), and the gene was found to transfer to E. coli (J53 or JP995) with frequencies of 10(7) to 10(3) per donor cells. The ten isolates had five distinct pulsotypes with some clonal spread. However, the isolates from the different kinds of animals were not clonally related. These findings imply that bacteria of animal origins may serve as reservoirs of some ESBL genes.
Assuntos
Animais Domésticos/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Microbiologia de Alimentos , beta-Lactamases/genética , Animais , Bovinos , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Genes Bacterianos , Hong Kong/epidemiologia , Aves Domésticas , Suínos , beta-Lactamases/biossínteseRESUMO
Physalis peruviana L. (PP) is a medicinal herb widely used in folk medicine. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2) method was employed to obtain three different PP extracts, namely SCEPP-0, SCEPP-4 and SCEPP-5. The total flavonoid and phenol concentrations, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of these extracts were analyzed and compared with aqueous and ethanolic PP extracts. Among all the extracts tested, SCEPP-5 demonstrated the highest total flavonoid (234.63+/-9.61 mg/g) and phenol (90.80+/-2.21 mg/g) contents. At concentrations 0.1-30 microg/ml, SCEPP-5 also demonstrated the strongest superoxide anion scavenging activity and xanthine oxidase inhibitory effect. At 30 microg/ml, SCEPP-5 significantly prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 1 microg/ml)-induced cell cytotoxicity in murine macrophage (Raw 264.7) cells. At 10-50 microg/ml, it also significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO release and PGE2 formation in a dose-dependent pattern. SCEPP-5 at 30 microg/ml remarkably blocked the LPS induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Taken together, these results suggest that SCEPP-5, an extract of SFE-CO2, displayed the strongest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities as compared to other extracts. Its protection against LPS-induced inflammation could be through the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Dióxido de Carbono/química , Physalis/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/isolamento & purificação , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/isolamento & purificação , Western Blotting , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Ativação Enzimática/efeitos dos fármacos , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Sequestradores de Radicais Livres/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/farmacologia , Macrófagos/citologia , Macrófagos/efeitos dos fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Fenol/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/isolamento & purificação , Xantina Oxidase/metabolismoRESUMO
The effects of buffers and osmolality of the suspending medium on the pH-dependent anion uniport across the inner membrane of isolated rat liver mitochondria have been studied using the light scattering technique to measure passive osmotic swelling. In contrast to some other transport processes the rates of entry of chloride and other anions via the anion-conducting channel decreased steeply with increasing solute concentration. This effect appears to be a result of increased osmolality or decreased matrix volume rather than inhibition by the anion since it was also produced by increasing the osmolality by addition of non-penetrant solutes. The effects of some pH buffers on the mitochondrial anion-conducting channel were also investigated. Some zwitterionic buffers had little effect other than that produced by increasing osmolality but Tricine, Popso and Caps produced marked additional inhibition of anion uniport and several other zwitterionic buffers were also inhibitory. The correlation between increased anion conductivity and increased matrix volume supports the proposal that this channel functions in regulation of the volume of the mitochondrial matrix.
Assuntos
Soluções Tampão , Transporte de Íons/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Alcanossulfonatos , Animais , Ânions , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Membranas Intracelulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais Iônicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Concentração Osmolar , Permeabilidade/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
A low molecular weight thermostable cytoplasmic fraction isolated from rat liver homogenate when pre-incubated with mitochondria increases the rate at which anions enter mitochondria via the pH-dependent anion-conducting channel in the inner membrane. The crude fraction obtained by centrifuging and heating the liver homogenate was purified by gel filtration and chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The resulting factor is stable to heating at 100 degrees C, freeze-drying and extremes of pH. Inorganic phosphate co-purified with activity and activity was lost when the phosphate was removed by barium salt precipitation. A pure sample of KH2PO4 produced stimulation of anion conductivity. These results show that the major portion of the activity which stimulates anion uniport can be accounted for by the presence of phosphate in the crude and purified fractions. Mersalyl blocks stimulation when added before, but not when added after, incubation with phosphate which shows that the stimulation is produced by phosphate in the mitochondrial matrix. The proposed role of this factor in thyroid hormone action is discussed in the light of its identification as inorganic phosphate.
Assuntos
Transporte de Íons , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Fosfatos/análise , Extratos de Tecidos/farmacologia , Animais , Canais Iônicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mersalil , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Extratos de Tecidos/química , Extratos de Tecidos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Zinc is a potent reversible inhibitor of the pH-dependent anion-conducting channel in the mitochondrial inner membrane, 50% inhibition was produced by 1.5 microM added Zn2+ at which point free Zn2+ was < or = 10(-8) M. Inhibition by Zn2+ is rapid but can be prevented or rapidly reversed by excess EDTA. Concentrations of Zn2+ higher than 4 microM caused reversal of inhibition to a variable extent depending on the anion. Under these conditions Zn2+ did not inhibit ribose entry, the phosphate transporter, or the pH-insensitive component of the NO3- uniport.
Assuntos
Membranas Intracelulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais Iônicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/farmacologia , Animais , Ânions , Transporte Biológico , Cálcio/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Técnicas In Vitro , Membranas Intracelulares/metabolismo , Magnésio/farmacologia , Masculino , Mitocôndrias Hepáticas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Ribose/metabolismoRESUMO
Plantago major L., a popular traditional Chinese medicine, has long been used for treating various diseases varying from cold to viral hepatitis. The aim of present study was to examine the antiviral activity of aqueous extract and pure compounds of P. major. Studies were conducted on a series of viruses, namely herpesviruses (HSV-1, HSV-2) and adenoviruses (ADV-3, ADV-8, ADV-11). The antiviral activity of EC50 was defined as the concentration achieved 50% cyto-protection against virus infection and the selectivity index (SI) was determined by the ratio of CC50 (concentration of 50% cellular cytotoxicity) to EC50. Results showed that aqueous extract of P. major possessed only a slight anti-herpes virus activity. In contrast, certain pure compounds belonging to the five different classes of chemicals found in extracts of this plant exhibited potent antiviral activity. Among them, caffeic acid exhibited the strongest activity against HSV-1 (EC50=15.3 microg/ml, SI=671), HSV-2 (EC50=87.3 microg/ml, SI=118) and ADV-3 (EC50=14.2 microg/ml, SI=727), whereas chlorogenic acid possessed the strongest anti-ADV-11 (EC50=13.3 microg/ml, SI=301) activity. The present study concludes that pure compounds of P. major, which possess antiviral activities are mainly derived from the phenolic compounds, especially caffeic acid. Its mode of action against HSV-2 and ADV-3 was found to be at multiplication stages (postinfection of HSV-1: 0-12 h; ADV-3: 0-2 h), and with SI values greater than 400, suggesting the potential use of this compound for treatment of the infection by these two viruses.
Assuntos
Adenoviridae/efeitos dos fármacos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 2/efeitos dos fármacos , Plantago , Adenoviridae/fisiologia , Ácidos Cafeicos/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular , Ácido Clorogênico/farmacologia , Efeito Citopatogênico Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 2/fisiologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Synapses of retinal afferents (optic synapses) in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) were morphometrically compared between hooded and albino rats. Optic synapses from albino rats show larger boutons with larger mitochondria, synaptic appositions with less postsynaptic density material, relatively more symmetric (presumably inhibitory) contacts, and relatively less asymmetric (presumably excitatory) contacts, compared with hooded rats. There are no differences in the numbers of clear and dense core vesicles, the size of synaptic appositions, and their numerical density in area of micrograph. Possible differences in activity and/or metabolism between optic synapses from hooded and albino rats are discussed.
Assuntos
Retina/ultraestrutura , Núcleo Supraquiasmático/ultraestrutura , Sinapses/ultraestrutura , Albinismo Oculocutâneo/patologia , Animais , Masculino , Mitocôndrias/ultraestrutura , Neurônios Aferentes/ultraestrutura , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
A survey of plants used in Malaysia for treating female diseases was made by consulting books, journals and traditional healers. In this report on the survey, forty-four plants are described. Information on plant parts used, methods of preparation and administration, and other usages of plants are given for each species.
Assuntos
Plantas Medicinais , Saúde da Mulher , Feminino , Humanos , MalásiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The ability to categorise mammographic features according to their likelihood of malignancy would be valuable in the management of women with abnormal mammograms. The aim of our study was to correlate abnormal mammographic features in a screened population with their histology to identify those features which are predictive of malignancy. The study also examined the spectrum of mammographic features in an Asian population. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This prospective study involved 28,231 women who were randomly selected from a population registry and underwent two-view screening mammography without physical examination. Women with suspicious lesions were recalled for further mammographic views or to a joint assessment clinic prior to biopsy. Mammographic abnormalities and their corresponding histology were assessed. RESULTS: The spectrum of mammographic abnormalities was similar to that in Caucasian populations. The positive predictive value for malignancy was 44.1% of all biopsied cases. Mammographic features could be broadly classified into low-, moderate- and high-risk categories for malignancy. Those features which correspond to high malignancy rates (9.8% to 16.0%) include multiple abnormalities or parenchymal lesions with microcalcifications. The presence of microcalcifications was a good predictor of ductal carcinoma-in-situ (DCIS): 46% of lesions in which the microcalcifications were the sole abnormality were DCIS only. Further, 71% of cancers with any microcalcification on the mammogram had a focus of DCIS on histology. CONCLUSION: Mammographic abnormalities can be segregated into three risk groups for malignancy, and this in turn can improve the selection criteria for breast biopsy, hence reducing unnecessary intervention. Furthermore, the presence of microcalcifications denotes the presence of DCIS, and would be an important determinant of the extent of surgical excision.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico por imagem , Mamografia/normas , Programas de Rastreamento/normas , Povo Asiático , Biópsia , Doenças Mamárias/complicações , Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias da Mama/classificação , Neoplasias da Mama/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Mama/etiologia , Calcinose/complicações , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Humanos , Mamografia/métodos , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Seleção de Pacientes , Vigilância da População , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Singapura/epidemiologiaRESUMO
The free amino acids of the plasma and pectoral muscle, liver and brain cytosolic S105 supernatant obtained from 2- and 3-week-old fasted chicks, were analyzed by HPLC after deproteinization by ultrafiltration. Protein-bound amino acids were analyzed in parallel studies. A clear relationship between the free and bound tissue amino acids was apparent. Only for the gluconeogenic amino acids a close correlation was evident between the plasma and the muscle free amino acids. A relatively steady composition of the free amino acids is established early in the tissues, but in the plasma it changes significantly with age.
Assuntos
Aminoácidos/metabolismo , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Aminoácidos/sangue , Animais , Galinhas , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , Citosol/metabolismo , UltrafiltraçãoRESUMO
Two groups of chicks were fed, until they were 3 weeks old, diets supplemented with either DL-methionine (MET) or DL-2-hydroxy-4-methylthiobutanoic acid (HMB). Oxidation to CO2 and uric catabolism of intraperitoneally injected L-[1-14C]MET and DL-[1-14C]HMB were studied comparatively for 8 h. HMB supplementation spares available MET from both oxidative and uric catabolism.
Assuntos
Galinhas/metabolismo , Dieta , Metionina/análogos & derivados , Metionina/metabolismo , Animais , Radioisótopos de Carbono , Cinética , Metionina/administração & dosagem , Metionina/farmacocinética , Metionina/farmacologia , Ácido Úrico/metabolismoRESUMO
The effects of route of administration of tryptophan and tyrosine on food intake and diet selection and on plasma and brain tryptophan or tyrosine concentrations were studied. Tryptophan and tyrosine given intraperitoneally at 100 mg/kg body wt suppressed food intake by 33-45% over a 2-h feeding period beginning 30 min after injections. No preferential effect was shown for either the high carbohydrate or high protein diet choice. When given intragastrically at this dose, neither tryptophan nor tyrosine affected food intake. Tryptophan, but not tyrosine, at 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg body wt given intragastrically reduced food intake and carbohydrate diet intake by an average of 20 and 25%, respectively, in the first 2 h of feeding. Plasma and brain tryptophan were higher for 30 min following intraperitoneal tryptophan injections than after tryptophan given intragastrically at 100 mg/kg body wt. However, intraperitoneal tyrosine (100 mg/kg body wt) resulted in higher plasma tyrosine levels at 5-10 min but lower levels at 30 min than when tyrosine was given intragastrically. Brain tyrosine was higher after intraperitoneal treatment only at 10 min and was similar to intragastric treatment at other times. When these amino acids were given intragastrically at 400 mg/kg body wt, higher plasma tryptophan, plasma tyrosine and brain tyrosine were found than following intraperitoneal injection of the behaviorally effective dose (100 mg/kg body wt) at 30 min. Thus the reduced effect on food intake of tryptophan or tyrosine given intragastrically compared with intraperitoneally is not readily explained by their lower concentrations in plasma and brain preceding and at the time that the rats had access to food.
Assuntos
Química Encefálica , Ingestão de Alimentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Triptofano/farmacologia , Tirosina/farmacologia , Administração Oral , Análise de Variância , Animais , Preferências Alimentares/efeitos dos fármacos , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Masculino , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Triptofano/administração & dosagem , Triptofano/análise , Tirosina/administração & dosagem , Tirosina/análiseRESUMO
A simple method was developed for determination of tryptophan in proteins. Hydrolysis is achieved under reducing conditions, in 6 N hydrochloric acid containing 0.4% beta-mercaptoethanol, at 110 degrees C for 24 h. The phenylthiocarbamyl derivatives of the amino acids are separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, without any by-product interference. The recovery of tryptophan is complete. However, the method does not allow the determination of tryptophan in carbohydrate-rich biological samples.
Assuntos
Ácido Clorídrico , Proteínas , Triptofano/análise , Aminoácidos , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão , HidróliseRESUMO
A single dose of [1-14C] or [U-14C]glycine or L-[1-14C] or [U-14C]valine was injected intraperitoneally into 1- and 3-week-old chicks. Continuous automatic determination of respiratory 14CO2 and determination of 14C in excreta and uric acid were carried out for 8 h. Computer-aided analysis of the kinetics of respiratory 14CO2 demonstrated two exponentially decreasing components, 'fast 14CO2' and slow 14CO2'. Fast 14CO2 production represents the immediate oxidation and/or decarboxylation of the 14C-labeled amino acid. The half-lives differed according to the nature of the 14C-labeled amino acid but not to the age of the chick. The size of the acetyl-CoA pool labeled by [14C]glycine was between 10 and 15 mmol/100 g of chick. Metabolic partition of a circulating plasma free amino acid between oxidation and retention could be quantified by an isotopic index.