[Analysis of symptoms and influencing factors of low back work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in a container manufacturing factory].

Objective: To investigate the occurrence of low back work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) among workers in a container manufacturing factory, and to explore the influencing factors. Methods: In June 2022, 952 workers from a container factory were selected as the research objects by cluster random sampling. Through questionnaire survey, the incidence of low back WMSDs symptoms among workers in the past one year was collected, and the influencing factors of low back WMSDs were analyzed by logistic regression. Results: The incidence rate of low back WMSDs was 46.7% (445/952). The factors with higher exposure at work were frequent slight bending (77.0%, 733/952), frequent overtime (74.1%, 705/952), and the need to turn around while working (62.3%, 593/952). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age over 40 years old, smoking, drinking, often bending over slightly, sitting for a long time, maintaining a large bending posture for a long time, often working overtime, limited operating space, and there was always a need to complete conflicting things in the container manufacturing factory workers were the risks of increasing the low back WMSDs (OR=1.68, 1.96, 2.47, 1.49, 1.84, 2.11, 1.90, 1.82, 2.00, P<0.05). Standing at work, always friendly colleagues, and always supportive and helpful leaders were protective factors for low back WMSDs (OR=0.60, 0.32, 0.40, P<0.05) . Conclusion: The incidence of low back WMSDs symptoms in container manufacturing workers is high, and work-related factors such as frequent slight bending, long time holding large bending posture and limited operating space are the focus of ergonomic intervention in container manufacturing enterprises.

[Analysis of the diagnosis of occupational radiogenic neoplasms in three cases of leukemia].

Objective: To analyze the diagnosis of 3 cases of leukemia applying for the diagnosis of occupational radiogenic neoplasms. Methods: Retrospective analysis the occupational history, the disease history and the probability of causation (PC value) information of 3 radiological workers. Results: Two cases' PC value of 95% confidence limit of were >50%, and they were diagnosed as radiogenic neoplasms. One case was <50% and diagnosed as nonoccupational radiogenic neoplasms. Conclusion: The probability of causation analysis has important guiding significance for the diagnosis of occupational radiogenic neoplasms. Radiological workers should improve their awareness of self-protection and reduce the occurrence of occupational diseases.

[Individual dose monitoring and health status of radiation workers in some Three A hospitals of Zhejiang province].

Objective: To investigate the individual irridiateddose levelandhealth statusofoccupational externalexposureamong radiationworkers inThreeA hospitals ofZhejiangprovince,andprovideevidence for occupationalhealthmanagement. Methods: 367 different typesof radiationworkerswereexperienced thedose monitoring and health examination from January toDecember, 2015, according to the requirements of"SpecificationsofIndividualMonitoring forOccupationalExternalExposure"and"Specifications forOccupational healthsurveillance forradiationworkers".The resultsofdosemonitoring,chromosomeaberration rate, lensopacity rate,hemogramand thyroid functionwerestatisticallyanalyzed. Results: Theannualeffectivedoseamong radiation workers fromZhejiangprovince in2015was0.13mSv,98.91%of them less than1mSv,whichunder the limit standardofstate(20mSv/a).Thechromosomeaberration(dicentric)detection rateswere7.41%and4.35%, from nuclearmedicinegroupand interventionalgroup respectively,whichhigher thandiagnostic radiologygroup, the differencewasstatisticallysignificant(χ(2)=13.686,8.092,P<0.01).Besides,1caseofsuspiciouschronic radiation dermatitiswas found in the interventiongroup.Radiation lengthhadsignificanteffecton lensopacity rate(P<0.01), lensopacity increasedwith the increasing lengthof the linear trend (χ(2)trend=16.363,P<0.01),and the incidence ofabnormalthyroid function theabnormalrateof lymphocyte ratiohad significantdifferenceamong theagegroups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although, theoccupationalexternalexposureamong radiationworkersinThreeAhospitals ofZhejiangprovince issafe, long-term lowdosesofionizing radiation stillhascertainhealtheffectson the fieldof nuclearmedicineand interventionalradiologystaff,suchaseye lens,cytogenetics,nailsandskin.

Sequence characterization and phylogenetic analysis of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 gene in the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana).

In this study, the complete coding region sequence of an innate immune-related TLR4 gene was obtained from the Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana) genome via PCR and direct sequencing. The sequence had a total length of 2481 bp, contained 3 complete exons, and encoded 826 amino acids (AAs); its isoelectric point was 5.703, and the molecular weight was 94.72 kDa. The high structure prediction showed that the protein was comprised of one extracellular region, one transmembrane region, and one intracellular region. There were 48 potential functional sites in the protein, including glycosylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation sites. A homology analysis among 9 primate species, including the Tibetan macaque, human, chimpanzee, gibbon, rhesus macaque, cynomolgus monkey, pig-tailed monkey, squirrel monkey, and small-eared galago, showed that the homology of the nucleotide and AA sequences ranged from 60.9-99.5% and 51.4- 99.0%, respectively. Higher variability was identified in the extracellular region of the TLR4 protein, and its variable sites accounted for 88.79% (AA) of the total variable sites. Additionally, the number of AAs at the 3' end of the intracellular region was notably different among the primate lineages. The phylogenetic tree based on TLR4 gene exons of 9 primate species showed that the Tibetan macaque clustered with the rhesus macaque, cynomolgus monkey, and pig-tailed monkey; it was most distant from the small-eared galago. This study will provide an important basis for further study on the expression, regulation, and polymorphism of the TLR4 gene and the relationship between polymorphisms and host disease susceptibility.

Uneven evolutionary rate of the melatonin-related receptor gene (GPR50) in primates.

The melatonin-related receptor GPR50 plays an important role in mammalian adaptive thermogenesis in response to calorie intake. The evolutionary history of the GPR50 gene is poorly understood in primates; however, it has been reported that GPR50 is the mammalian ortholog of Mel1c, which has been well characterized. In this study, the complete coding sequences of the GPR50 gene in the Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus roxellana) and Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana) were sequenced, and the orthologous nucleotide acid sequences of the GPR50 gene in 11 other primate species were downloaded from GenBank. Thirteen species representing 6 major primate lineages (human, great ape, lesser ape, Old World monkey, New World monkey, and prosimian monkey) were subjected to statistical analyses. A selective test showed that the entire GPR50 gene sequence is under strong purifying selection in these primates but has a significantly different evolutionary rate among the 6 major primate lineages. Notably, both the Homo and Pan branches exhibited an ω ratio >1, indicating accelerated evolution of the two lineages. Further analysis of different domains revealed that the acceleration trend was more significant in the C-terminal domain (CTD). Interestingly, in the alignment of 13 primate GPR50 nucleotide acid sequences, numerous insertions or deletions were only found in the CTD region, implying that this region may play a key role in the process of primate GPR50 evolution. The results provide deeper insight into the functional evolution of GPR50 in mammals at the molecular level.

Quality of life of nasopharyngeal cancer survivors in China.

PURPOSE: We assessed the quality of life (qol) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (npc) survivors with a survival time of more than 2 years in Fujian, China, and we analyzed factors influencing qol. METHODS: We calculated the prevalence of psychological distress and radiotherapy (rt)-induced symptoms in 216 npc survivors who participated in a cross-sectional survey. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (version 3.0) was used to assess the qol of npc survivors. Multiple linear regression was applied to analyze the factors influencing qol. RESULTS: The prevalence rates of rt-induced symptoms and psychological problems were 11.58% (95% ci: 7.21% to 15.58%) for difficulty in swallowing, 17.59% (95% ci: 12.51% to 22.67%) for mouth dryness or sores, 13.89% (95% ci: 9.28% to 18.50%) for nasal dryness or congestion, 18.52% (95% ci: 13.34% to 23.70%) for fatigue, 11.11% (95% ci: 6.92% to 15.30%) for frequent dizziness, 18.06% (95% ci: 12.93% to 23.19%) for decline in hearing, 14.81% (95% ci: 10.07% to 19.55%) for poor sleep quality, 18.52% (95% ci: 13.34% to 23.70%) for worry about disease recurrence, 18.98% (95% ci: 13.75% to 24.21%) for anxiety, and 25.00% (95% ci: 19.23% to 30.77%) for depression. Mean survival times were 4.32 ± 2.63 years in patients with mouth dryness or sores, 4.26 ± 2.90 years in patients with fatigue, and 5.60 ± 2.94 years in patients with a decline in hearing. The mean global qol score was 74.21 (95% ci: 72.22 to 76.20). At a significance level of α = 0.05, the factors influencing qol were age (p = 0.032), education level (p = 0.001), anxiety score (p < 0.001), depression score (p < 0.001), mouth dryness or sores (p < 0.001), fatigue (p = 0.027), and disease stage (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rates of mouth dryness or sores, fatigue, decline in hearing, depression, and anxiety were high in npc survivors with a survival time of more than 2 years. These rt-induced symptoms and psychological problems can last for many years after rt. The qol of the npc survivors was good. Factors influencing qol were age, education level, anxiety, depression, mouth dryness or sores, fatigue, and disease stage. Our results suggest that during clinical treatment, doctors should minimize the radiation dose to the ears of patients. In addition, our results emphasize the importance of providing oral and ear nursing and psychological care to npc survivors.

Identification and characterization of the major histocompatibility complex class II DQB (MhcMath-DQB1) alleles in Tibetan macaques (Macaca thibetana).

Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana), an endangered primate species endemic to China, have been used as experimental animal model for various human diseases. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes play a crucial role in the susceptibility and/or resistance to many human diseases, but little is known about Tibetan macaques. To gain an insight into the MHC background and to facilitate the experimental use of Tibetan macaques, the second exon of Mhc-DQB1 gene was sequenced in a cohort of wild Tibetan macaques living in the Sichuan province of China. A total of 23 MhcMath-DQB1 alleles were identified for the first time, illustrating a marked allelic polymorphism at the DQB1 locus for these macaques. Most of the sequences (74%) observed in this study belong to DQB1*06 (9 alleles) and DQB1*18 (8 alleles) lineages, and the rest (26%) belong to DQB1*15 (3 alleles) and DQB1*17 (3 alleles) lineages. The most frequent alleles detected among these macaques were MhcMath-DQB1*15:02:02 (17.9%), followed by Math-DQB1*06:06, 17:03 and 18:01, which were detected in 9 (16.1%) of the monkeys, respectively. Non-synonymous substitutions occurred at a significantly higher frequency than synonymous substitutions in the peptide-binding region, suggesting balancing selection for maintaining polymorphisms at the MHC class II DQB1 locus. Phylogenetic analyses confirms the trans-species model of evolution of the Mhc-DQB1 genes in non-human primates, and in particular, the extensive allele sharing is observed between Tibetan and other macaque species.

Evolutionary analysis of the short-type peptidoglycan-recognition protein gene (PGLYRP1) in primates.

Short-type peptidoglycan (PGN)-recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), an innate immunity protein that directly breaks down the structure of microbial cell wall PGNs, plays an important role both in antibacterial defenses and several inflammatory diseases. To explore the adaptive evolution of the PGLYRP1 gene in primates and provide insight into the function of this antibacterial protein, we sequenced the entire PGLYRP1 gene from Macaca thibetana and Rhinopithecus roxellana, identified the corresponding sequences from the draft genome of 8 other primates, including humans, and conducted related statistical analyses. Homology analysis showed that the identity of nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of PGLYRP1 among 10 primates ranged from 82.0 to 99.0% and 74.5 to 98.5%, respectively. The R value (transition/transversion) and disparity index per site also presented relatively low-base composition biases. Selective pressure analysis for the PGLYRP1 sequences among major primates revealed that both the whole gene and the substructure of PGLYRP1 are under strong purifying selection at similar levels of selective pressure among 6 major primate lineages (human, great ape, lesser ape, Old World monkey, New World monkey, and prosimian monkey). Using the Bayes empirical Bayes procedure, we also detected 2 positively selected codons (121L and 141T sites) that are independent of PGN-binding and PGLYRP-specific regions, implying 2 potential key sites for the functional effect of the PGLYRP1 protein. These results demonstrated that PGLYRP1 was highly conserved at the molecular level and subjected to strong functional constraints during primate evolution.

Ten novel MHC-DPB1 alleles identified in Tibetan macaque (Macaca thibetana).

Ten novel MHC-DPB1 alleles of Tibetan macaque, were identified by cloning and sequencing.