The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders Among Japanese Children: A Pilot Study.

At present, there is no established cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for treating emotional disorders in Japanese children. Therefore, we introduced the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children (UP-C) in Japan and adapted it to the Japanese context. We then examined its feasibility and preliminary efficacy using a single-arm pretest, posttest, follow-up design. Seventeen Japanese children aged between 8 and 12 years (female n = 11; male n = 6; M = 10.06 ± 0.97 years) with a principal diagnosis of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, or depressive disorders, and their parents were enrolled in the study. The primary outcome was the overall severity of emotional disorders as assessed by psychiatrists using the Clinical Global Impression-Severity Scale. Secondary outcomes included child- and parent-reported anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and functional status. No severe adverse events were observed. The feasibility was confirmed by the low dropout proportion (11.76%), high attendance proportion (children: 95.6%; parents: 94.6%), and sufficient participant satisfaction. Linear mixed models (LMMs) showed that the overall severity of emotional disorders and child- and parent-reported anxiety symptoms improved from pre-treatment to post-treatment, and that these treatment effects were maintained during the 3-month follow-up period. Additionally, child- and parent-reported functional status improved from pre-treatment to the 3-month follow-up. In contrast, child-reported depressive symptoms improved from pre-treatment to follow-up, but there was no significant change in parent-reported depressive symptoms between pre-treatment and other time points. These findings demonstrate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the Japanese version of the UP-C, suggesting that future randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are warranted (Clinical trial registration: UMIN000026911).

Temporal occurrence of immature skeletal muscle fibers in the sciatic nerve matrix regenerating within the silicone chamber after nerve transection in the normal rat.

We examined by light and electron microscopy the immature skeletal muscle fibers in the rat sciatic nerve regenerating within the silicone chamber 14 days after nerve transection. Small myelinated and nonmyelinated nerve fibers associated with Schwann cells from the proximal stump began to approach the midportion of the interstump zone. In the middle segment, fibroblasts or fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells and macrophages were observed everywhere in the newly formed matrix filled with exuded erythrocytes and fibrin clots. In addition to some fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells were closely apposed to each other. However, the proximal and distal segments contained immature muscle fibers with various amount of myofilaments and one or plural centrally located nuclei, thus indicating various phases of the early differentiation of skeletal muscle fibers similar to those observed during an early stage of developing muscle fibers. However, the precise origin of these skeletal muscle fibers remains to be determined.

Osteochondral autograft transfer for post-traumatic osteochondral defects of the anterolateral surface of the distal tibial plafond.

Post-traumatic osteochondral defects of the distal tibial plafond may be a more common cause of pain and osteoarthritis than previously recognized. However, the literature on the surgical treatment of osteochondral defects of the distal tibial plafond is significantly limited. This case report presents the operative technique and clinical outcome of osteochondral autograft transfer for an osteochondral defect on the anterolateral surface of the distal tibial plafond. A case of transfer of osteochondral autograft plugs to repair the anterolateral surface of the distal tibial plafond and prevent progression of forward displacement of the talus in a 25-year-old man who presented with pain in his right ankle, following a history of trauma.