Effects of various types of vagotomy on gastrin release and gastric secretion in dogs.

Changes of serum gastrin and acid secretory responses to histamine, feeding and insulin stimulation before and after various types of vagotomy (TV, SV, SPV and SAV) were investigated in Heidenhain pouch dogs. The following results were obtained: (1) The acid secretory response to histamine slightly decreased after various types of vagotomy. (2) The responses of serum gastrin and acid secretion to feeding were elevated after various types of vagotomy. (3) The serum gastrin response to insulin was highly increased after SPV and TV, whereas the response was slightly increased and decreased after SV and SAV, respectively. The acid secretion in response to insulin was increased only after SPV, while it was decreased after the other types of vagotomy. These results led to the condition that there might be no correlation between serum gastrin and acid secretory responses to feeding and insulin after various types of vagotomy.

Cytogenetic approaches to the clarification of pathogenesis in lymphoid malignancies: clinicopathologic characterization of 14q+ marker-positive non-T-cell malignancies.

The clinicopathologic features of 53 patients with various types of non-T-cell malignancies were compared with the karyotypic findings. Although all chromosomes underwent numerical and structural rearrangements, a 14q+ marker chromosome (14q32 translocation), which was found in 31 patients, was the single most common abnormality. In terms of survival, no significant difference was noted between the 14q+ positive and negative patients. Donor chromosomes of a 14q32 translocation, which were identified in 27 patients, were quite variable. However, certain chromosomes were predisposed to act as donor chromosomes in the 14q32 translocation. An 8;14 translocation [t(8;14) (q24;q32)] was found in six patients with diffuse non-Burkitt's lymphoma and in four patients with Burkitt's lymphoma-leukemia; in all these patients a stem line or the subline with a t(8;14) had partial trisomy for 1q. An 11;14 translocation [t(11;14) (q13;q32)] was observed in one patient each with diffuse or follicular lymphoma and in two with myeloma; three of the four patients had also structural rearrangements of chromosome 1 in the same cells. A 14;18 translocation [t(14;18) (q32;q21)] was found in six patients with follicular lymphoma and in one with diffuse lymphoma; however, no common involvement of other chromosomes was detected among clones of these abnormal cells with a t(14;18). The median survival was 8 months for patients with a t(8;14) and 39 months for patients with a t(11;14). The difference between the two survival curves was of borderline significance [p = 0.06]. In contrast, patients with a t(14;18) survived significantly longer than those with a t(8;14) [p less than 0.001] or those with a t(11;14) [p = 0.03]. These findings revealed that in non-T-cell malignancies, the clinicopathologic features of the patients with a 14q+ marker depend upon the precise 14q32 translocation and the subsequent karyotypic evolution, although the translocation was not always correlated with a particular type of lymphoid malignancy.

Karyotype evolution in B-cell lymphoid malignancy with an 8;14 translocation.

To evaluate the significance of karyotypic evolution of tumor cells with an 8;14 translocation [t(8;14)(q24;q32)], we examined the clinicopathologic features and immunologic phenotypes of nine Japanese patients with various types of B-cell malignancy with the translocation. All these patients had structural rearrangements of the long arm of chromosome No. I (Iq) in a stem line or the subline of tumor cells with a t(8;14). The rearrangements were composed of a translocation involving Iq with other chromosomes and a tandem duplication of Iq, and they were exclusively associated with a partial trisomy for Iq. Two patients with diffuse large-cell lymphoma, whose tumor cells did not express surface immunoglobulins (s-Ig), had the Iq translocation in their highly complex karyotypes. Tumor cells from the other seven patients expressed s-Ig and the karyotypes were relatively simple. Among these patients, the Iq translocation was found in two patients with Burkitt's lymphoma, and the Iq duplication were observed in a stem line or the sublines from four patients with Burkitt's lymphoma-leukemia and one each with small non-cleaved-cell or diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Except for one patient in the stage of IE, these patients had a poor prognosis because of the clinical conversion of extranodal metastases in the earlier disease phase. These findings are compatible with those of Western patients with a t(8;14). Therefore, tumor cells marked primarily with a t(8;14) could have "major routes" in the karyotypic evolution, for which potentials should be recognized as clinical risk factors, and the morphologic presentation and the expression of surface immunoglobulins may be associated with the process of karyotypic evolution.