[Evaluation of the usefulness of enzymatic determination of estriol in urine and placental lactogen in serum of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor]. / Ocena przydatnosci oznaczania poziomu estriolu w moczu i laktogenu lozyskowego w surowicy krwi u ciezarnych z porodem przedwczesnym zagrazajacym.

The authors studied 60 pregnant women in the pregnancy period from 29-37 weeks with threatened preterm labor. The control group formed 40 healthy pregnant women in the same pregnancy period. In all pregnant women the values of oestriol in 24-hour urine and placental lactogen in the serum was measured. Statistically significantly lower values of placental lactogen were found in the serum of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor. The values of oestriol in 24-hour urine were also lower, but the differences were not statistically significant. In 40 pregnant women in the pregnancy period from 16 to 28 weeks with threatened in the serum is a useful method of monitoring of pregnancy with threatened preterm labor. Determination of oestriol was without any greater diagnostic significance in the case threatened preterm labor.

[Evaluation of usefulness of enzymatically determining estriol in urine and placental lactogen in serum of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor]. / Ocena przydatnosci oznaczania poziomu estriolu w moczu i laktogenu lozyskowego w surowicy krwi u ciezarnych z porodem niewczesnym zagrazajacym.

In 40 pregnant women in the pregnancy period from 16 to 28 weeks with threatened preterm labor diagnosed after clinical investigations and recording of cardiotocogram the values of oestriol in 24-hour urine and placental lactogen in the serum was measured. These values were compared to analogous determinations in a group 40 healthy women with similar duration of pregnancy. Statistically significantly lower values of placental lactogen were found in the serum of pregnant women with threatened preterm labor. The values of oestriol in 24-hour urine were also lower, but the differences were not statistically significant. In conclusion the authors state that enzymatically determined placental lactogen in the serum is a useful method of monitoring of pregnancy with threatened preterm labor. Determination of oestriol was without any greater diagnostic significance in the case of threatened preterm labor.

[Transanal ultrasonography for diagnosis of obstetric anal sphincter trauma]. / Mozliwosci ultrasonografii przezodbytniczej w diagnostyce uszkodzen polozniczych zwieraczy odbytu.

Fecal incontinence affects up to 2% of the general population. The major cause of it is related to the birth trauma of the anal sphincters. In this paper the possibilities of transanal endosonography in the assessment of the anal canal muscles defects after deliveries were presented. Anal canal sonographic anatomy together with the technique of the examination with the use of rotating endoprobe were presented. Transanal rotating endoprobe was compared with exoanal probes for visualization of the anal canal. Ultrasonic images of internal and external anal sphincters defects were shown with specific patterns of defects allowing differentiation between morphological and neurological damages of the sphincters. Anal endosonography was compared with clinical examination, electromyography and manometry in the assessment of the integrity of the anal sphincters.