[The view of teachers on bullying and implications for nursing]. / O olhar de professors sobre o bullying e implicações para a atuação da enfermagem.

OBJECTIVE: To understand school bullying from the perspective of teachers and reflect about the possible actions of the health area when coping with it. The guidelines of the School Health Program of the Ministries of Health and Education were used to reach that purpose. METHOD: A qualitative study carried out with teachers of a public school in Minas Gerais. Focus groups were used to collect data and the empirical material was decoded from thematic analysis of content, resulting in an analytical category: conceptions and experiences of teachers on bullying. RESULTS: Specific perceptions about the phenomenon and the use of ineffective intervention resources were identified. In the interpretive plan were problematized the health and nursing contributions with resizing the interventions and the continuing training process of teachers. CONCLUSION: The results point to the construction of intersectoral practices for coping with bullying.

Bullying and Cyberbullying in School: Rapid Review on the Roles of Gratitude, Forgiveness, and Self-Regulation.

This study aims to assist decision-making in anti-bullying interventions by highlighting the importance of positive factors such as gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation in mitigating the negative impacts of bullying/cyberbullying. The objective was to examine and synthesize available evidence on the impact of gratitude, forgiveness, and self-regulation practices in the school context regarding bullying/cyberbullying phenomena. Three databases were consulted (Web of Science, Scopus, and Scielo), and the results include 14 articles. The three character strengths were associated with psychological well-being, life and school satisfaction, improved mental health, increased likelihood of engaging in pro-social behavior, and reduced involvement in bullying/cyberbullying situations. These strengths have the potential to enhance overall well-being and decrease risk behaviors, leading to more positive outcomes in experiences of violence. These results underscore the importance of considering students' individual strengths and the possible interventions to promote healthy school environments.

Associations between bullying and risk for eating disorders in adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the associations between bullying participation profiles (victims, bullies, and bully-victims) and the risk for eating disorders in adolescents. METHODS: a cross-sectional study was conducted with 491 students, aged 10 to 18 years. Data were collected through the application of the Peer Victimization and Aggression Scale and the Eating Attitudes Test, and were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Spearman correlation. RESULTS: the risk for eating disorders was higher for the victim profile, both for boys and girls. For both sexes, physical victimization, verbal victimization, and relational victimization were significantly associated with variables related to the risk for eating disorders. For boys, there were also significant associations related to aggression. CONCLUSIONS: student victims, especially boys, are more vulnerable to the consequences of bullying in relation to the risk for eating disorders.

Bullying among Brazilian adolescents: evidence from the National Survey of School Health, Brazil, 2015 and 2019. / Bullying entre adolescentes brasileiros: evidências das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde do Escolar, Brasil, 2015 e 2019.

OBJECTIVE: to estimate the prevalence rate of indicators related to bullying among Brazilian students aged 13 to 17 years and compare its occurrence between 2015 and 2019. METHOD: this is a descriptive cross-sectional study, with data from the National Survey of School Health, carried out in all Brazilian states. The prevalence rate and confidence intervals (95%CI) of the indicators were estimated in 2019. Student's t test was used (p ≤ 0.01) to test the differences between editions. RESULTS: the prevalence rate of bullying decreased from 20.4% (95%CI: 19.2 - 21.5) in 2015 to 12.0% (95%CI: 11.6 - 12.5) in 2019. The reasons cited for being bullied were similar in both editions: bodily appearance, facial appearance, and color/race. Prevalence rates were similar between states. The state of Tocantins presented the highest number of bully-victims; states of Mato Grosso and Amapá had the highest number of adolescents being involved in cyberbullying situations, and the state of Rio de Janeiro presented the highest number of bullies. CONCLUSION: there was a reduction by half in bullying and in the report on not being treated well among Brazilian adolescents; however, the prevalence rate of being bullied and cyberbullying are high in the country. Therefore, attention should be paid to policies to reduce and confront this issue on the national scene.(1) Bullying is still significantly present among Brazilian students. (2) The occurrence among boys from private schools stands out. (3) Similar motivation in both editions: bodily and facial appearance, and color/race. (4) Evidence for the implementation of actions and policies in the national territory. (5) Contribution to the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda in the country.

Experience-Based Perception of Vulnerability Factors to Child Sexual Abuse by Health Care Professionals in Nigeria: A Qualitative Approach.

Child sexual abuse (CSA) remains a major public health concern worldwide. In Africa, particularly, Nigeria, CSA is a silent, but lethal public health menace with prevalence reaching as high as 56% for different child sexual violence. Understanding the vulnerability factors of CSA promotes the creation of strategies toward prevention of CSA. Due to social stigmatization of victims and their families in Nigeria, it is difficult for researchers and policymakers to have access to firsthand information about predisposing factors to CSA, which negatively impacts efforts toward prevention of CSA. Health care professionals are sources of experience-based, anonymous information about various public health issues. This study aims to understand qualitatively health care professionals' perception of vulnerability factors of CSA. The study presents a thematic content analysis of a semi-structured interview of 14 health care professionals working with sexually abused children in Nigeria, on their perception of vulnerability factors of CSA, while aligning the factors with known models of violence. Participants in the study reported several interrelated vulnerability factors involving the individual, sexual abuse perpetrator, family, environment, socioeconomic situations, and the lack or nonimplementation of policies against CSA. The study concludes that identifying these factors can assist health care professionals, parents, and family to better respond to child sexual violence cases and policymakers to create new strategies of preventing CSA, thereby improving the health and safety of children in Nigeria.

Dating violence among adolescents from a region of high social vulnerability.

OBJECTIVE: to know and analyze the perceptions of adolescents with high social vulnerability regarding the establishment of dating violence. METHOD: a qualitative research study carried out with 19 adolescents from a central municipality São Paulo, Brazil. Data collection took place by means of focus groups and field diaries, with the data being analyzed thematically. RESULTS: two categories emerged: "A new female posture in a context of traditional gender norms" and "Violence in intimate relationships: the (non)perception of adolescents". Traditional gender norms still occupy a significant place in the design of dating violence among adolescents. Such behaviors are more visible in these relationships, when commitment and exclusivity are seen as the main characteristics, authorizing possession and control. Jealousy emerges as the main trigger for violence and the technologies appear as contemporary resources to reinforce it. CONCLUSION: the need for early interventions with adolescents is reiterated, with a focus on actions that promote gender equality.

"Health does not discuss trans bodies": Oral History of transsexuals and transvestites.

OBJECTIVES: to understand the life stories and itineraries of transvestites and transsexuals in health services. METHODS: study with a qualitative approach, anchored in the methodological framework of Oral History. Interviews were conducted and thematically analyzed. RESULTS: two themes emerged: 1) gender and sexuality in life stories; and 2) the trajectories in health services. These revealed the challenges in the process of recognizing gender identity before the family and society. The reports show the dilemmas that transsexuals and transvestites face in health care, which ends up generating the removal of this population from services. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it has been demonstrated that Oral History can increase knowledge, especially about life histories and trajectories in the health services of transvestites and transsexuals; in addition, information was offered that can assist managers and health professionals in making decisions or caring for these people.

"I don´t have it, I didn´t have it": experiences of families involved in violence against children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: to characterize and analyze the experiences of families involved in domestic violence against children and adolescents, based on the Paradigm of Complexity. METHODS: qualitative research, in which data of 15 families was collected through documentary research, open interviews and field diary. The data were analyzed through thematic analysis. RESULTS: two categories "I don't have it" and "I didn't have it" emerged, revealing the historicity that marks the violence experienced in the present. They include social vulnerability, maternal burden, associated with urban violence to which families are exposed. At the same time, stories of violence by the intimate partner, as well as intergenerational violence and drug abuse have impacted the current moment. Final Considerations: nursing can contribute to attribute new meaning to violent stories woven by families, as well as to the interdisciplinary construction of perspectives and interventions that consider the multiple violence and adversities to which such a population is exposed.

Adolescents' health in times of COVID-19: a scoping review. / A saúde do adolescente em tempos da COVID-19: scoping review.

COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus), emerged in China in December 2019 and spread quickly throughout the world. In this scenario, the current study aimed to identify the impact or effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' health. This is a scoping literature review based on the following databases: Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SciELO, and PUBCOVID19. The study adopted the stages proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for scoping reviews, and the question orienting the procedures consisted of the acronym PCC (population; concept; context). Eleven articles were included in the review. Clinically, adolescents present the same COVID-19 symptoms as adults. The pandemic and the health measures taken to control transmission were found to be associated with mental health problems in adolescents. Specifically, adolescents have a negative experience with social distancing measures and closing of schools. These measures can also favor situations of violence or aggressive behaviors in the home environment. Healthcare services that treat the adolescent population had to reorient their practices, adopting a virtual model to replace face-to-face care, and even research projects involving adolescence had to be rethought. This scoping review addressed an emerging theme in relation to a population that has received little attention in studies on COVID-19. The results suggest that the pandemic can be considered a determinant that affects different dimensions of adolescents' lives.

Prevalence of practice of bullying reported by Brazilian students: data from the National School Health Survey, 2015. / Prevalência da prática de bullying referida por estudantes brasileiros: dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2015.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the practice of bullying reported by Brazilian students, according to sex, age and geographical location. METHODS: this was a cross-sectional study based on two national samples from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE), 2015; a total of 102,301 students participated in the study forming a nationally representative sample; data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: bullying prevalence was 19.8% (95%CI - 19.2;20.3), with higher prevalence in the Southeast region of the country (22.2% - 95%CI 21.1;23.4), and in the State of São Paulo (24.2% - 95%CI 22.3;26.2), however the city with the highest prevalence was Boa Vista (25.5% - 95%CI 22.9;28.1), capital of the State of Roraima; boys (24.2% - 95%CI 23.4;25.0) practiced more bullying than girls (15.6% - 95%CI 14.9;16.2), as did younger students aged 13 to 15 years (22.0% - 95%CI 20.4;23.6). CONCLUSION: higher rates of reported bullying practices were found among adolescents from the Southeast region, among male and younger students.

Men's Perceptions of Domestic Violence Against Women: A Qualitative Study / Percepções de Homens Sobre Violência Doméstica Contra Mulheres: Estudo Qualitativo / Percepciones de los Hombres Sobre Violencia Doméstica Contra la Mujer: Un Estudio Cualitativo

Abstract Domestic violence against women is a serious social problem that requires male's perspective understanding to be prevented. This study aimed to understand the perceptions of adult men, with higher education degree or higher education students, on this type of violence. Using Bandura's social learning theory, a qualitative study was developed with 13 men. The data were collected using remote semi-structured interviews. The analytical process used thematic analysis presuppositions. It was found that men do not agree with sexist ideals that can increase the rates of violence against women. However, participants oscillate between understanding women as victim and as guilty. The data may be a reflection of the current greater debate on issues related to gender equality. We conclude that it is important to invest in the multidimensional training of men to break with hegemonic masculinity, which can foster the struggle against gender-based violence.

Resumo A violência doméstica contra mulheres é grave problema psicossocial que, para ser prevenido, requer compreender como homens o explicam. Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as percepções de homens adultos escolarizados sobre esse tipo de violência. Utilizando o referencial teórico da aprendizagem social, foi desenvolvido um estudo qualitativo que contou com a participação de 13 homens. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas remotamente na coleta de dados. O processo analítico seguiu os pressupostos da análise temática. Verificou-se que os homens não concordam com ideais machistas que podem aumentar os índices de violência contra as mulheres. Contudo, os participantes oscilam entre entender as mulheres como vítimas e também culpadas. Os dados podem ser reflexo do maior debate na atualidade sobre questões relacionadas à igualdade de gênero. Conclui-se ser importante investir na formação multidimensional dos homens para romper com a masculinidade hegemônica, o que pode ser salutar no enfrentamento da violência contra mulheres.

Resumen La violencia doméstica contra la mujer es un grave problema psicosocial que requiere de la perspectiva masculina para ser prevenida. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las percepciones de hombres adultos con formación en torno a este tipo de violencia. Utilizando el marco teórico del aprendizaje social, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo con la participación de 13 hombres. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas remotas para la recolección de datos. El proceso analítico siguió los presupuestos del análisis temático. Los hombres no están de acuerdo con los ideales machistas que pueden aumentar los índices de violencia contra las mujeres. Los participantes oscilan entre entender a las mujeres como víctimas y también como culpables. Los datos pueden ser un reflejo del gran debate actual sobre la igualdad de género. Se concluye que es importante invertir en la formación multidimensional de los hombres para romper con la masculinidad hegemónica, lo que puede ser beneficioso para combatir la violencia contra las mujeres.

Affective-sexual relations: conceptions and representations of middle class young university students / Relações afetivo-sexuais: concepções e representações de jovens universitários de classes médias / Relaciones afectivo-sexuales: concepciones y representaciones de jóvenes universitarios de clase media

This study aimed to analyze the conceptions and representations of young university students of both sexes, belonging to the middle classes and of different sexual orientations, regarding their affective-sexual relationships. Twenty-four young people, students from a public university, participated in this study, whose ages ranged from 18 to 30 years, 13 men and 11 women. The data collection consisted of the application of socioeconomic questionnaires and the realization of five audio-recorded sessions of the focus group. The material was organized according to the Thematic Analysis, from which the following categories emerged: close relationship and open relationship. For most participants, representations about close and open relationships proved to be plural and flexible, as agreed by the couple. Affective-sexual relationships would not only be under the aegis of institutionalized rites (dating, engagement, marriage), but would be built gradually according to satisfactory agreements

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as concepções e representações de jovens universitários de ambos os sexos, pertencentes às classes médias e de diferentes orientações sexuais, a respeito de suas relações afetivo-sexuais. Participaram 24 jovens, estudantes de universidade pública, cujas idades variaram de 18 a 30 anos, sendo 13 homens e 11 mulheres. A coleta de dados consistiu na aplicação de questionários socioeconômicos e na realização de cinco sessões áudio-gravadas de grupo focal. O material foi organizado conforme a Análise Temática da qual emergiram as seguintes categorias: relacionamento fechado e relacionamento aberto. Para a maioria dos participantes, as representações sobre relacionamento fechado e aberto revelaram-se plurais e flexíveis conforme acordado pela dupla/casal. Os relacionamentos afetivo-sexuais não estariam apenas sob a égide de ritos institucionalizados (namoro, noivado, casamento), mas seriam construídos paulatinamente conforme acordos satisfatórios

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las concepciones y representaciones de jóvenes universitarios de ambos sexos, pertenecientes a las clases medias y de diferentes orientaciones sexuales, en cuanto a sus relaciones afectivo-sexuales. Participaron 24 jóvenes, estudiantes de una universidad pú-blica, cuyas edades variaban de 18 a 30 años, siendo 13 hombres y 11 mujeres. La recogida de datos consistió en la aplicación de cuestionarios socioeconómi- cos y la realización de cinco sesiones de focus groupgrabadas en audio. El material se organizó según el Análisis Temático del cual surgieron las siguientes categorías: relación cerrada y relación abierta. Para la mayoría de los participantes, las representaciones sobre las relaciones cerradas y abiertas resultaron ser plurales y flexibles según lo acordado por la pareja. Las relaciones afectivo-sexuales no sólo estarían bajo la égida de ritos institucionalizados (relación, noviazgo, matrimonio), sino que se construirían gradualmente según acuerdos satisfactorios

Potentialities and Barriers of Online Psychotherapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review / Potencialidades e Barreiras da Psicoterapia On-line na Pandemia de COVID-19: Scoping Review

Abstract The pandemic of COVID-19 demanded unprecedented efforts from psychologists to adapt to technology-mediated care. This study aimed to analyze the scientific production concerning the perception of Brazilian psychologists on online psychotherapy during the pandemic through a scoping review. We consulted four databases, while the reviewed corpus comprehended 29 studies. Psychologists identified both benefits and barriers in the transition to online psychotherapy practice, but the perception that the sparing use of this resource is valid and beneficial predominated. There is a strong perception that information and communication technologies will definitely integrate the repertoire of resources used by psychotherapists, as another relevant alternative, posing the need for further studies.

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 exigiu esforços sem precedentes das/os psicólogas/os para adaptação ao atendimento mediado por tecnologia. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a produção científica acerca da percepção de psicólogas/os brasileiras/o sobre psicoterapia on-line durante a pandemia por meio de uma scoping review. Foram consultadas quatro bases de dados e o corpus revisado foi composto por 29 estudos. Psicólogas/os identificaram tanto benefícios como barreiras na transição para prática da psicoterapia on-line, porém predominou a percepção de que o uso parcimonioso deste recurso é válido e benéfico. Há forte percepção de que tecnologias da informação e comunicação integrarão, em definitivo, o repertório de recursos utilizados por psicoterapeutas, como mais uma alternativa relevante, o que coloca a necessidade de novos estudos.

Professor training in health postgraduate studies: analysis of an experience.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze a professor training experience for higher education. METHOD: This is a descriptive case report on the professor training process in the postgraduate course of the College of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo. An evaluative activity was performed to capture the perceptions and experiences of 21 graduate students who were interns of an educational improvement program. The data were analyzed following the thematic content analysis guidelines. RESULTS: Three thematic categories were identified: 1) knowledge necessary for teaching practice; 2) teaching routines and practices; 3) the essentiality of mentoring. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: This article provides a critical approach on the formative process of human resources for higher education in health, identifying potentials and challenges. Its innovative character resides in understanding pedagogical work articulated with graduate research training.

Intervention in social skills and bullying.

OBJECTIVE: to verify if the improvement of social and emotional skills reduces bullying victimization in 6th grade students 12 months after the end of the intervention. METHOD: Quasi-experimental study with 78 students who were bullying victims. A cognitive behavioral intervention based on social skills was conducted with the intervention group. The eight sessions addressed politeness, making friendships, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness and solution of interpersonal problems. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with random effect. RESULTS: Quasi-experimental study with 78 students who were bullying victims. A cognitive behavioral intervention based on social skills was conducted with the intervention group. The eight sessions addressed politeness, making friendships, self-control, emotional expressiveness, empathy, assertiveness and solution of interpersonal problems. Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with random effect. CONCLUSION: Social skills are important in anti-bullying interventions and can be the basis for intersectoral interventions in the health area, aimed at favoring the empowerment of victims by improving their social interactions and quality of life in school.

Family violence against gay and lesbian adolescents and young people: a qualitative study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the experiences of gay and lesbian adolescents and young people in the process of revealing sexual orientation to their families. METHOD: A qualitative study carried out in a city in the state of São Paulo. Twelve gay and lesbian adolescents and youngsters participated. For the data collection, the semi-structured interview was used and data analysis was performed using the method of interpretation of the senses. RESULTS: The family reactions in the process of "coming out of the closet" of the participants were violent, with persecution and even expulsion from home, in addition to the repression of expressions of homoerotic experiences, which impacted on their health and quality of life. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The family is an essential component of the support network, but also a space that can generate and reproduce forms of violence in the name of heteronormativity. Health services should develop care practices and care for the family and adolescent and homosexual youth victim of violence.

Ways to explain bullying: dimensional analysis of the conceptions held by adolescents. / Modos de explicar o bullying: análise dimensional das concepções de adolescentes.

This study unveils the meaning attributed by students to bullying and contributes to the approach of student health. The objective was to identify the dimensions of the conceptions of students regarding bullying. A total of 55 students from 11 public schools participated by answering semi-structured interviews. Dimensional analysis was used to treat data and a matrix was constructed with the dimensions identified. The Grounded Theory was adopted as the methodological and theoretical framework. The adolescents were aware of the main dimensions of bullying but explained it descriptively and from individual perspectives. The following dimensions were identified: type, nature, examples, motivation and consequences. The type of violence was a dimension with greater explanatory power in relation to the remaining dimensions. Verbal violence and its different manifestations stood out. Aspects of the literature that define bullying were identified, indicating how the topic is diffused, its occurrence and how it is understood by students. The innovative nature of this study is its focus on the identification of the dimensions of bullying present in the narrative of Brazilian students. It is an approach that contributes to the organization of healthcare programs and interventions in different fields.

Este estudo apreendeu o significado do bullying para estudantes e contribui com a abordagem da saúde do escolar. Objetivou-se conhecer as dimensões de concepções de estudantes sobre o bullying. Participaram 55 adolescentes de 11 escolas públicas, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise dimensional foi utilizada no tratamento dos dados e se construiu uma matriz com as dimensões identificadas. A Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados foi adotada como referencial metodológico e teórico. Os adolescentes conhecem as principais dimensões do bullying, mas o explicam de forma descritiva e numa perspectiva individual. As dimensões identificadas foram: tipo, natureza, exemplos, motivação e consequências. O tipo de violência foi a dimensão com maior poder explicativo em relação às demais, sobressaindo-se o tipo verbal e suas diferentes formas de manifestação. Aspectos da literatura que definem o bullying foram identificados no conjunto, indicando a difusão do tema, sua ocorrência e apreensão pelos estudantes. O caráter inovador do estudo se centra na identificação das dimensões presentes nas narrativas dos estudantes brasileiros sobre o bullying, abordagem que contribui com a organização dos programas de cuidado e intervenção em diferentes áreas.

Bullying e interações familiares: comparações entre meninos e meninas por meio da triangulação metodológica / Bullying and family interactions: comparisons between boys and girls through of the methodological triangulation / Acoso y interacciones familiares: comparaciones entre niños y niñas a través de la triangulación metodológica

O bullying afeta o desenvolvimento dos adolescentes. Este estudo objetivou comparar experiências de bullying e variáveis das interações familiares entre meninos e meninas. A amostra foi composta por 2.354 estudantes brasileiros (50,7% meninas; M = 14,5 anos, DP = 2,0) que responderam a duas escalas sobre bullying e interações familiares. 55 adolescentes participaram de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio do teste t de Student e o índice d de Cohen. A análise das entrevistas foi desenvolvida no software Atlas.TI. Identificou-se que os meninos eram mais agressores e vítimas-agressoras. Os resultados mistos indicaram poucas diferenças entre meninos e meninas no que se refere às variáveis analisadas. A comunicação positiva foi fator protetivo para as meninas, ao passo que o clima conjugal negativo e a punição física foram fatores que aumentam a vulnerabilidade para bullying ou vitimização para ambos os sexos. Além disso, são discutidas implicações práticas para o enfrentamento do bullying

Bullying aff ects the development of adolescents. This study aimed to compare bullying experiences and variables of family interactions between boys and girls. The sample consisted of 2,354 Brazilian Students (50.7% girls; M = 14.5 years, SD = 2.0) who answered two scales on bullying and family interactions. 55 adolescents participate of the semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using Student's t-test and Cohen's d-index. The qualitative analysis of the interviews was developed in the Atlas.TI software. We identifi ed that boys were more aggressors and victim-aggressors. The mixed results indicated that bullying and victimization manifested with few diff erences between boys and girls regarding the quality of family interactions. Positive communication in the family was a protective factor for girls, while negative marital climate and physical punishment increased vulnerability to bullying or victimization for both sexes. Practical implications for coping with bullying are discussed

El acoso escolar afecta el desarrollo de los adolescentes. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar experiencias de acoso y variables de interacciones familiares entre niños y niñas. La muestra consistió en 2,354 estudiantes brasileños (50.7% niñas; M = 14.5 años, SD = 2.0) que respondieron dos escalas sobre el acoso escolar y las interacciones familiares. 55 adolescentes participan de las entrevistas semiestructuradas. Los datos cuantitativos se analizaron mediante la prueba t de Student y el índice d de Cohen. El análisis cualitativo de las entrevistas se desarrolló en el software Atlas.TI. Identifi camos que los niños eran más agresores y agresores de víctimas. Los resultados mixtos indicaron que el acoso y la victimización se manifestaron con pocas diferencias entre niños y niñas con respecto a la calidad de las interacciones familiares. La comunicación positiva en la familia fue un factor protector para las niñas, mientras que el clima marital negativo y el castigo físico aumentaron la vulnerabilidad al acoso escolar o la victimización para ambos sexos. Se discuten las implicaciones prácticas para hacer frente al acoso escolar

Revisão sobre características de meninos e meninas que praticam bullying escolar / Revisión sobre características de niños y niñas que practican acoso escolar / Review on characteristics of boys and girls who are bully school

Bullying at school affects the health and development of children and adolescents. This study aimed to describe evidence about the characteristics of boys and girls identified as bullies in bullying situations. This is a review with publications from 2015 to 2020, operationalized in SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers and submitted to methodological quality assessment. The corpus was composed of 27 primary studies. It was found that boys do more bullying and are more engaged in physical aggression. Girls engage more in verbal or psychological type violence. Social/cultural issues are factors consistently associated with such differences. Regarding the consequences of the aggression perpetrated, bullies, regardless of gender, may also have mental health problems. This study gathers quantitative evidence on characteristics of boys and girls who engage in bullying at school. Differences/similarities should be considered in anti-bullying intervention programs.

El acoso afecta a la salud y el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes. Este estudio tenía como objetivo describir las características de los chicos y chicas identificados como agresores. Se trata de una revisión desarrollada entre 2015-2020 en las bases SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science y PsycINFO. Dos revisores extrajeron los datos y los sometieron a una evaluación de la calidad metodológica. La revisión incluyó 27 estudios primarios. Se descubrió que los chicos practican más el acoso y se dedican más a la agresión física. Las chicas ejercen más violencia de tipo verbal o psicológico. Las cuestiones sociales/culturales son factores que se asocian sistemáticamente a estas diferencias. En cuanto a las consecuencias de la agresión perpetrada, los agresores, independientemente del sexo, también pueden presentar problemas de salud mental. Este estudio reúne pruebas cuantitativas sobre las características de los chicos y chicas agresores. Los datos deben tenerse en cuenta en los programas de intervención.

O bullying escolar afeta a saúde e desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes. Este estudo objetivou descrever evidências sobre as características de meninos e meninas identificados como agressores(as) em situações de bullying. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura que abarcou publicações entre 2015 e 2020, operacionalizada nas bases SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science e PsycINFO. Os dados foram extraídos de forma independente por dois revisores e submetidos à avaliação de qualidade metodológica. O corpus foi composto por 27 estudos primários. Verificou-se que meninos praticam mais bullying e estão mais engajados em agressões físicas. Meninas envolvem-se mais em violência do tipo verbal ou psicológica. Questões sociais/culturais são fatores consistentemente associados a tais diferenças. Sobre as consequências das agressões praticadas, agressores, independentemente do sexo, também podem apresentar problemas de saúde mental. Este estudo reúne evidências quantitativas sobre características de meninos e meninas que praticam bullying na escola. Diferenças/semelhanças devem ser consideradas em programas de intervenção antibullying.

Uso excessivo de internet e smartphone e problemas emocionais em estudantes de psicologia e psicólogos / Excessive Internet and smartphone use and emotional problems in students of psychology and psychologists

Objetivo Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência de dependência de internet, seus principais preditores e a associação com problemas emocionais em estudantes de psicologia (n = 1.916) e psicólogos (n = 4.359). Método Os indivíduos preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico e outros instrumentos específicos. Observou-se que 9,3% dos estudantes e 4,0% dos psicólogos foram detectados com uso excessivo de internet. Resultados Todos os participantes com uso excessivo de internet apresentaram uma frequência significativamente maior de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, e estes problemas foram preditores para a dependência de internet somente entre os psicólogos. Conclusão Compreender o padrão de dependência de internet pode ajudar no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas específicas para esses indivíduos.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Internet Addiction, its main predictors, and associations with psychological problems in psychology students (n = 1,916) and psychologists (n = 4,359). Method Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and measures of interest. It was observed that 9.3% of the students and 4.0% of the psychologists screened positive for internet addiction. Results All participants with internet addiction presented a significantly higher frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, however, these problems were predictors for internet addiction only among the professionals. Conclusion Understanding the pattern of internet addiction can help to support the development of specific public policies for these individuals.