Clinical response to lifestyle counseling for dyslipidemia and elevated blood pressure in childhood cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND: Childhood cancer survivors (CCS) have increased risk of premature cardiovascular disease. Whether they respond similarly to lifestyle changes for elevated blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and dyslipidemia to those without history of childhood cancer is unknown. PROCEDURE: This retrospective cohort study included CCS and 3:1 age- and sex-matched controls treated at Boston Children's Hospital Preventive Cardiology (2010-2019) using lifestyle management based on National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) guidelines. Change in BMI, BP, and lipids were analyzed. RESULTS: We included 52 CCS and 162 controls with a median age of approximately 16 years. More CCS (84.3%) had elevated baseline fasting triglycerides (TG) than controls (49.4%) (p < .001). More CCS (62.5%) also had abnormal baseline high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to controls (35.2%) (p = .001). Baseline BMI, BP, total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were similar between groups. Over 15 weeks [IQR: 10.5-26], CCS had greater decrease in TG than controls (72.5 vs. 17 mg/dl decrease, p = .095). BP improved in 5% of CCS versus 38% of controls (p = .008). For both, BMI, TC, LDL-C, and HDL-C remained stable. CCS with stem cell transplantation (SCT) had a TC increase of 5% (6 mg/dl) compared to a decrease of 9% (19 mg/dl) among CCS without SCT (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: CCS demonstrated similar improvement in lipids, but impaired BP lowering in response to lifestyle management compared to controls. Further prospective studies are needed to determine if earlier pharmaceutical treatment is warranted in this higher risk population and for the long-term risk reductions of these approaches.

Improving Cardiovascular Health in a Pediatric Preventive Cardiology Practice.

Poor childhood cardiovascular health translates into poor adult cardiovascular health. We hypothesized care in a preventive cardiology clinic would improve cardiovascular health after lifestyle counseling. Over a median of 3.9 months, mean cardiovascular health score (range 0-11) improved from 5.8 ± 2.2 to 6.3 ± 2.1 (P < .001) in 767 children.

Dyslipidemia Among Adults With Congenital Heart Disease.

Background: Atherosclerotic disease is an important cause of morbidity among adults with congenital heart disease (CHD). Prevalence of dyslipidemia in this group is poorly described. Objectives: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of dyslipidemia among adults with CHD. Methods: A prospective, outpatient screening study was conducted among adults aged ≥18 years at 4 New England ambulatory congenital cardiology centers. Participants were surveyed regarding cardiovascular risk factors. Nonfasting fingerstick samples were obtained for analysis using a point-of-care lipid analyzer. Results: Lipid screening was completed on 186 participants (median age 30 [range 18-71] years, 50% female). Eighteen (10%) had simple CHD anatomy, and 63 (34%) had complex anatomy. Only 15% of 169 respondents reported history of high cholesterol. Eighty-five (46%) participants met National Cholesterol Education Program definition of dyslipidemia with 60 (32%), 62 (34%), and 37 (20%) having low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C <40 mg/dL), high non-HDL-C (≥130 mg/dL), and high total cholesterol (TC ≥200 mg/dL), respectively. TC was higher among participants with simple CHD than among those with moderate and complex lesions (mean 178.4 ± 48.7 vs 170.1 ± 35.0 vs 157.6 ± 34.5 mg/dL; P = 0.03). HDL-C was lower among participants with complex CHD than among those with simple and moderate lesions (mean 44.1 ± 13.5 vs 46.9 ± 12.5 vs 49.8 ± 15.3 mg/dL; P = 0.05). Conclusions: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent among our cohort of adults with CHD, despite <15% reporting a prior diagnosis. Low HDL-C was more common in complex CHD, and high TC was more common in simple or moderate CHD. Lipid screening should be part of preventive health maintenance for all adults with CHD.