RESUMO
AIM: To investigate the role of nitric oxide (NO)-induced autophagy in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway. METHODOLOGY: The MTT assay was used to determine the cytotoxic effect of the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in HDPCs. Apoptosis was detected by means of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and apoptosis- or autophagy-related signal molecules were observed by Western blot analysis. Acidic autophagolysosomal vacuoles were stained with acridine orange to detect autophagy in the presence of 3-methyladenine (3MA) used to inhibit autophagy. To explore the mechanism underlying autophagy and its protective role against apoptosis, compound C, the chemical AMPK inhibitor, was used. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test or analysis of variance (anova) followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: SNP decreased viability of the HDPCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Exposing the HDPCs to SNP increased the levels of p62 and LC3-II, the typical markers of autophagy, and increased the number of acidic autophagolysosomal vacuoles, indicating the appearance of autophagy as detected by acridine orange staining (P < 0.05). Pre-treatment with 3MA decreased cell viability but increased cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3, apoptosis indicators, in the SNP-treated HDPCs (P < 0.05). SNP activated AMPK/ULK signalling, whilst the inhibition of AMPK by compound C enhanced apoptotic cell death induced by SNP in the HDPCs (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: NO induced autophagy with AMPK activation, which plays a role in the survival of HDPCs against NO-induced apoptosis.
Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Ativadas por AMP/metabolismo , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Autofagia/efeitos dos fármacos , Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/farmacologia , Autofagia/fisiologia , Células Cultivadas , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Humanos , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/metabolismoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Evodiamine (evo) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and anticancer effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of evo alone and in combination with rosiglitazone (rosi) on in vitro adipocyte differentiation and in vivo obesity related to diabetes. METHODS: Adipocyte differentiation was investigated in vitro using 3T3-L1 and C3H10T1/2 cells. To determine the degree of differentiation, Oil Red O staining and reverse transcription-PCR were carried out. Four groups of db/db mice were treated intraperitoneally once per day with vehicle, evo, rosi and evo+rosi. The mice were killed after 14 days and the blood, liver and adipose tissue were analyzed. RESULTS: The presence of evo or evo combined with rosi during adipogenic induction has been shown to inhibit adipocyte differentiation to a significant degree, particularly at the commitment and early induction stages. The evo and evo+rosi groups of db/db mice evidenced significant reductions in body weight gain. The ratio of epididymal white adipocyte tissue weight to body weight of the evo group was also significantly reduced. It is important to note that in the evo+rosi treatment, blood glucose levels were reduced to a degree similar to that of the rosi group, and plasma insulin levels were reduced significantly better than that of rosi group. Furthermore, hepatic lesions associated with fat and glycogen deposition were morphologically improved in the evo and evo+rosi groups. CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that evo exerts an inhibitory effect on in vitro adipocyte differentiation and in vivo obesity, and also an improvement effect on insulin resistance. These desirable effects of evo were noted even in the presence of rosi. These results indicate that evo improves the undesirable effects of rosi, including adipogenesis, body weight gain and hepatotoxicity, while preserving its desirable blood-glucose-lowering effect.
Assuntos
Adipócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Obesidade/metabolismo , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Quinazolinas/farmacologia , Tiazolidinedionas/farmacologia , Adipócitos/metabolismo , Adiponectina , Tecido Adiposo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Glicemia/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Gorduras na Dieta , Quimioterapia Combinada , Hipoglicemiantes/administração & dosagem , Insulina/sangue , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacos , Fígado/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Extratos Vegetais/administração & dosagem , Quinazolinas/administração & dosagem , Rosiglitazona , Tiazolidinedionas/administração & dosagem , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flow-diverter treatment for previously stented aneurysms has been reported to be less effective and prone to complications. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness and safety of flow diverters for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who underwent flow-diverter placement for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling between March 2015 and March 2019 were recruited. Clinical and radiographic characteristics and clinical and angiographic outcomes were retrospectively evaluated. RESULTS: Among 133 patients who underwent flow-diverter insertion, 17 (male/female ratio = 5:12; mean age, 53.8 years) were treated for recurrent aneurysms after stent placement with (n = 16) or without (n = 1) coiling. Eight patients initially presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage; 7, with headache; and 2, with visual field defects. Angiographic morphology included large/giant saccular in 12 patients, dissecting in 2, fusiform in 1, traumatic pseudoaneurysm in 1, and ruptured blood blister-like aneurysm in 1. The duration between the first treatment and flow-diverter placement ranged from 2 weeks to 15 months (median, 6 months). Flow-diverter placement was successful in all cases without any complications. All patients had favorable outcomes (mRS, 0-2), without any newly appearing symptoms. Aneurysms were followed up with conventional angiography at least once in 6-18 months. Sixteen aneurysms showed complete occlusion, and 1 aneurysm was enlarged. CONCLUSIONS: Results from this case series investigating flow-diverter placement for recurrent aneurysms after stent-assisted coiling suggested that the procedure is safe and effective. Further study in a larger population may be warranted.
Assuntos
Prótese Vascular , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Aneurisma Intracraniano/terapia , Reoperação/instrumentação , Adulto , Idoso , Embolização Terapêutica/instrumentação , Procedimentos Endovasculares/métodos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Stents , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (BFT) has been associated with mucosal inflammation and diarrhoeal diseases. In this study, the anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of 5,7-dihydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxyflavone (eupatilin) was characterized in an HT-29 intestinal epithelial cell line stimulated with BFT. Pre-treatment of HT-29 cells with eupatilin decreased the production significantly of both interleukin (IL)-8 and prostaglandin E(2) induced by BFT in a dose-dependent manner. BFT-activated nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signals in HT-29 cells and pretreatment with eupatilin suppressed NF-kappaB activation that resulted in the significant inhibition of IL-8 and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression. BFT-induced phosphorylation of both I kappaB alpha and I kappaB kinase (IKK) signals was prevented in eupatilin-pretreated HT-29 cells. Transfection of siRNA for IKK-alpha and IKK-beta decreased the production of IL-8 and prostaglandin E(2); however, the transfection of IKK-beta siRNA showed a more significant reduction of BFT-induced I kappaB alpha phosphorylation compared with that of IKK-alpha siRNA. In addition, herbimycin A, a specific inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), decreased the BFT-induced activation of IKK and NF-kappaB, suggesting that Hsp90 is associated with a pathway of IKK-NF-kappaB-IL-8/cyclo-oxygenase-2 gene signalling. Furthermore, eupatilin dissociated the complex between Hsp90 and IKK-gamma in BFT-stimulated HT-29 cells. These results suggest that eupatilin can suppress the NF-kappaB signalling pathway by targeting the Hsp90-IKK-gamma complex in intestinal epithelial cells and may attenuate BFT-induced inflammatory responses.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/metabolismo , Flavonoides/farmacologia , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP90/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/metabolismo , Animais , Bacteroides fragilis , Quimiocina CXCL2/metabolismo , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Ensaio de Desvio de Mobilidade Eletroforética , Enterotoxinas/farmacologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Células HT29 , Humanos , Quinase I-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas I-kappa B/metabolismo , Íleo , Imunoprecipitação , Interleucina-8/imunologia , Mucosa Intestinal/imunologia , Camundongos , Inibidor de NF-kappaB alfa , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
This study was performed to examine an efficient way to use oil by-product which is obtained during the purification process of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) from safflower oil. The CLA by-product (CBP) was fed to the laying hens to accumulate CLA in the egg yolk. Egg yolk samples from 3 different dietary groups were analyzed: control; CBP, 2%; and CLA-80 (which contained 80% free form of CLA), 2%. Fatty acids from the yolk were analyzed by gas chromatography, and the parameters of egg quality were determined. During the feeding trial, there was little alteration in the egg quality and egg production of the tested groups. The CLA contents in the test group with CBP, which contain CLA as glyceride form, significantly increased in the first week of feeding and had the highest level among the tested groups throughout the feeding trials, whereas the CLA group showed an increase in CLA contents from the third week. Moreover, the contents of total CLA isomers in CLA-80 and CBP oils were decreased by 12.92 and 0.51% after heat treatment in 48 h, and the contents of linoleic acid (LA) isomer in LA-80 (which contained 80% free form of LA) and LA by-product (LBP) oils were decreased by 19.63 and 5.78%, respectively. It was confirmed that a major form of fats in CBP was mainly esterified forms, whereas the fats in CLA-80 and LA-80 were composed of free fatty acids. There was no significant difference in the egg quality and production among the tested groups. It is meaningful that the oil by-product could be utilized as a source for functional foods of animal origin without influencing egg quality and production.
Assuntos
Ração Animal , Galinhas/metabolismo , Gema de Ovo/metabolismo , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/metabolismo , Óleo de Cártamo/administração & dosagem , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa/veterinária , Cromatografia em Camada Fina/veterinária , Suplementos Nutricionais , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/metabolismo , Feminino , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/química , Distribuição Aleatória , Óleo de Cártamo/químicaRESUMO
Numerous genetic alterations of HSA 11q13 are found frequently in several cancer types, including breast cancer (BC). The 11q13 locus harbors FADS2 encoding Δ6 desaturation which is not functional in several cancer cell lines, including hormone positive MCF7 BC cells. In vitro, the non-functional FADS2 activity unmasks 18:2n-6 elongation to 20:2n-6 and Δ5 desaturation by FADS1 to yield 5Z,11Z,14Z-20:3 (sciadonic acid) rather than 5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-20:4 (arachidonic acid). In this pilot study we aimed to determine whether 5,11,14-20:3 appears in vivo in hormone positive human BC tissue. Fatty acids were profiled in surgically removed human breast tumor and adjacent normal tissue (nâ¯=â¯9). Sciadonic acid was detected in three of nine breast tumor samples and was below detect limits in normal breast tissue. The internal Δ8 double bond of arachidonic acid is required for normal eicosanoid synthesis but is missing in sciadonic acid. This pilot study demonstrates for the first time in vivo sciadonic acid in hormone positive BC tissue, warranting a larger survey study to further evaluate its appearance and the functional implications.
Assuntos
Ácidos Araquidônicos/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Neoplasias da Mama/cirurgia , Animais , Mama/química , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Cromatografia Gasosa , Dessaturase de Ácido Graxo Delta-5 , Ácidos Graxos Dessaturases/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Células MCF-7 , Mastectomia/métodos , Camundongos , Projetos Piloto , Células Swiss 3T3RESUMO
The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) with other fatty acids on the fatty acid composition of egg yolk and on egg quality characteristics were studied in 5 groups: 1) CLA 0% (control), 2) CLA 2%, 3) CLA 2%+oleic acid (OA) 2% (CLA+OA), 4) CLA 2%+linoleic acid (LA) 2% (CLA+LA), and 5) CLA 2%+alpha-linolenic acid (LNA) 2% (CLA+LNA). Some parameters of egg quality such as shell thickness, shell strength, yolk color, yolk index, egg diameter, and Haugh units were aggravated when CLA was fed alone, but the quality was improved when CLA was combined with some other fatty acids. The egg production rate, which was decreased by feeding CLA alone, was improved by co-supplementation with LA or OA. An increase in CLA content was observed in all the dietary groups fed CLA for 2 wk. Feeding hens with CLA+LNA led to a linear increase in CLA content in the egg yolk after the fourth week of the feeding trial. Egg yolks from hens given CLA had considerably higher amounts of saturated fatty acids and lower amounts of monounsaturated fatty acids than egg yolks from the control group. The pattern of change in CLA concentration during the feeding trial was similar to the level of C18:0, which was inversely correlated with the level of C18:1. The unsaturated fatty acid co-supplementation strategy applied in this study offers insight into the mechanism of CLA accumulation in the egg yolk without apparent adverse effects on egg quality and egg production.
Assuntos
Galinhas/metabolismo , Gema de Ovo/efeitos dos fármacos , Gema de Ovo/metabolismo , Ácido Linoleico/farmacologia , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/farmacologia , Ácido Oleico/farmacologia , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/farmacologia , Ração Animal , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Dieta , Suplementos Nutricionais , Quimioterapia Combinada , Ovos/normas , Feminino , Ácido Linoleico/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Linoleicos Conjugados/administração & dosagem , Ácido Oleico/administração & dosagem , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/administração & dosagemRESUMO
Branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) are components of common food fats and are major constituents of the normal term human newborn GI tract. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) have been suggested to reduce the risk and development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD); however, little is known about the influence of BCFA on inflammation. We investigated the effect of BCFA on interleukin (IL)-8 and NF-κB production in a human intestinal epithelial cell line (Caco-2). Cells were pre-treated with specific BCFA, or DHA, or EPA, and then activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Both anteiso- and iso- BCFA reduce IL-8. Anteiso-BCFA more effectively suppressed IL-8 than iso-BCFA in LPS stimulated Caco-2 cells. However BCFA in general were less effective than DHA or EPA. Activated BCFA-treated cells expressed less of the cell surface Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) compared to controls. These are the first data to show the reduction of pro-inflammatory markers in human cells mediated by BCFA.
Assuntos
Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Interleucina-8/genética , Intestinos/efeitos dos fármacos , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Células CACO-2 , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/farmacologia , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/farmacologia , Células Epiteliais/citologia , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Epiteliais/imunologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Intestinos/citologia , Intestinos/imunologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Soil blocks from 18 paddy fields around three Korean nuclear power plant sites were put into lysimeters. Greenhouse experiments were carried out to investigate the (137)Cs transfer from these paddy soils to rice plants for its deposition at different growth stages. A solution of (137)Cs was applied to the flooded lysimeters at 2-3 different stages. The applied (137)Cs was mixed with the topsoil only at the pre-transplanting application. The transfer was quantified with a transfer factor based on the unit-area deposition (TF(a), m(2)kg(-1)-dry). The TF(a) in the pre-transplanting application showed a remarkable variation with the soils. However, the differences in the mean values among the study sites were not statistically significant. The straw TF(a) was 2-3 times higher than the corresponding seed value. The early-tillering stage and booting stage applications resulted in a higher transfer than the pre-transplanting application by factors of, on an average, 2 and 16 for the straws, and 3 and 25 for the hulled seeds, respectively. The (137)Cs transfer was found to correlate negatively with the soil pH and positively with the organic matter content. Based on the present results, the representative (137)Cs TF(a) values for the rice are proposed for use in the whole of Korea for the deposition at three different growth stages.
Assuntos
Radioisótopos de Césio/metabolismo , Oryza/metabolismo , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/metabolismo , Radioisótopos de Césio/análise , Coreia (Geográfico) , Oryza/química , Oryza/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Caules de Planta/química , Caules de Planta/metabolismo , Centrais Elétricas , Cinza Radioativa , Sementes/química , Sementes/metabolismo , Poluentes Radioativos do Solo/análiseRESUMO
The cDNA clone, CanMADS1, was isolated from young flower buds of the hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) by screening a cDNA library using the OsMADS1 rice MADS-box gene as a probe. We used a yeast two-hybrid screening method to investigate interaction partners of the protein product of CanMADS1. A MADS-box gene, CanMADS6, was isolated from young flower buds using the region containing the K domain and 15 amino acid residues of the C-terminal region of CanMADS1 as a bait. CanMADS1 and CanMADS6 showed high amino acid sequence similarities to members of the AGL2 subfamily and the SQUA subfamily, respectively. CanMADS1 transcript was expressed in flower buds and fruits, and the transcription signal was the strongest in the stage of the fruit set (2 d after anthesis). CanMADS6 showed the same expression pattern as CanMADS1. CanMADS1 and CanMADS6 were not expressed in leaves. These results suggest that a regulatory role for flower and fruit development of the hot pepper may be accomplished through an interaction of the protein products of the two MADS-box genes, CanMADS1 and CanMADS6.
Assuntos
Capsicum/genética , Proteínas de Domínio MADS/genética , Proteínas de Plantas , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Sequência de Bases , Capsicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Biblioteca Gênica , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Fenótipo , Filogenia , Técnicas do Sistema de Duplo-HíbridoRESUMO
An efficient method is described for the simultaneous enantiomeric separation of 18 different racemic 2-hydroxy acids for the determination of their absolute configurations. It involves the conversion of each enantiomer into a diastereomeric O-trifluoroacetylated (S)-(+)-3-methyl-2-butyl ester for the direct separation by achiral dual-capillary column gas chromatography with subsequent identification and determination of its chirality by retention index (I) library matching. The enantiomers of each acid were well separated with high resolution values (R > or = 1.4) on DB-5 and DB-17 columns of different polarity. When temperature-programmed I values of 2-hydroxy acid enantiomers as their diastereomeric derivatives were measured on both columns, the I values were characteristic of each enantiomer. Simple I matching with the reference values was thus useful in cross-checking each acid enantiomer for the identification and chiral discrimination. When applied to urine samples, the present method allowed positive identification of most of the spiked 2-hydroxy acids from normal urine and for endogenous (S)-lactic acid and (S)-2-hydroxybutyric acid from a clinical urine specimen.
Assuntos
Cromatografia Gasosa/métodos , Hidroxibutiratos/isolamento & purificação , Ácido Láctico/isolamento & purificação , Ésteres , Valeratos/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
A novel synthetic method was developed for 3-hydroxyhomoisoflavanone. Treatment of aryllithium14 to aldehyde13 which was obtained from dihydroxylation of10, followed by cycloetherification to give 3-hydroxyhomoisoflavanones.
RESUMO
A new method of repairing Achilles tendons, which uses a small medial skin incision with a Bunnel-type suture, was performed on 14 patients, and the clinical results were found satisfying. In order to restore the Achilles tendon to its original length, restore tensile strength in the suture site, and minimize injury to the sural nerve, an operative procedure has been devised which uses a limited open repair with a Bunnel-type suture. We followed 14 patients who had undergone the new procedure for a mean interval of 26 months after the injury. They returned to work in six weeks and to playing sports in 25 weeks. There were no cases of late rerupture nor injuries to the sural nerve. This technique approximated the preinjury length and resting tension of the musculo-tendinous apparatus and minimized sural nerve injury.
Assuntos
Tendão do Calcâneo/lesões , Tendão do Calcâneo/cirurgia , Procedimentos Ortopédicos/métodos , Traumatismos dos Tendões/cirurgia , Adulto , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Escala de Gravidade do Ferimento , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica , Ruptura Espontânea/cirurgia , Técnicas de Sutura , Resistência à Tração , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This paper focuses on the evaluation of organic and detergent degradation in a combined Ozone/UF system for domestic laundry wastewater reclamation. Formation of by-product was investigated by GC/MS for the reclaimed water. Ozone was injected into the raw wastewater in a 10 L contact tank and the wastewater was circulated through the membrane module for inner pressurized cross-flow filtration. The concentrate was returned back to the contact tank. The membrane used in this experiment was hollow fiber polysulfone UF membrane with MWCO 10,000. It has an effective filtration area of 0.06 m2. The experiment was carried out with intermittent ozone injection, 5 min injection and 10 min idling. Ozone was dosed at the concentration of 1.5 mg/L. The flux of the UF could be maintained at 0.24 m/d under filtration pressure 40-45 kPa and water temperature, 20-22 degrees C. The organic removal efficiency by the system was 90% in terms of COD. Ozone was considerably effective to degrade organics in the wastewater. Molecular weight of organics in the raw waste was mostly greater than 10,000 (72% of 950 mgCOD/L). However 86% of effluent COD (94-100 mg/L) was composed of organics smaller than MWCO 500 by ozone injection. No harmful by-products by ozone contact were detected from the analysis of treated water using GC/MS. It was identified that residual organics in the treated water were 1,1'-Oxybisbenzene, Octadecanoic acid, Squalene and Benzenmethanol, etc., which were additives contained originally in the detergent. Consequently the reclaimed water quality could be estimated safe enough to recycle for the rinsing cycle in a washing machine.
Assuntos
Detergentes/metabolismo , Compostos Orgânicos/metabolismo , Ozônio/química , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/métodos , Biodegradação Ambiental , Reatores Biológicos , Detergentes/química , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Lavanderia , Membranas Artificiais , Peso Molecular , Permeabilidade , Ultrafiltração , Eliminação de Resíduos Líquidos/instrumentação , Poluentes da Água/metabolismo , Abastecimento de ÁguaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The eradication rates following standard triple therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection are declining worldwide. Recent studies have shown that sequential therapy for H. pylori infection yields high cure rates. AIM: To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a sequential regimen as first-line treatment of H. pylori infection with a standard triple regimen. METHODS: A total of 348 naïve H. pylori-infected patients from six hospitals in Korea were assigned randomly to standard triple or sequential therapy groups. Standard triple therapy consisted of 20 mg of rabeprazole, 1 g of amoxicillin and 500 mg of clarithromycin, twice daily for 7 days. Sequential therapy consisted of a 5-day dual therapy (20 mg of rabeprazole and 1 g of amoxicillin, twice daily) followed by a 5-day triple therapy (20 mg of rabeprazole, 500 mg of clarithromycin, and 500 mg of metronidazole, twice daily). RESULTS: The intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) eradication rates were 62.2% (95% CI 54.8-69.6%) and 76.0% (95% CI 68.5-83.5%) in the standard triple group, and 77.8% (95% CI 71.4-84.2%) and 87.9% (95% CI 82.3-93.5%) in the sequential group, respectively. The eradication rate was significantly higher in the sequential group compared with the standard triple group in both the ITT and PP populations (P = 0.002 and P = 0.013 respectively), whereas the incidence of adverse events was similar. CONCLUSIONS: Ten-day sequential therapy is more effective and equally tolerated for eradication of H. pylori infection compared with standard triple therapy. Sequential therapy may have a role as first-line treatment for H. pylori infection.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Antiulcerosos/administração & dosagem , Infecções por Helicobacter/tratamento farmacológico , Helicobacter pylori/isolamento & purificação , Úlcera Péptica/tratamento farmacológico , 2-Piridinilmetilsulfinilbenzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , 2-Piridinilmetilsulfinilbenzimidazóis/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Idoso , Amoxicilina/administração & dosagem , Amoxicilina/efeitos adversos , Antibacterianos/efeitos adversos , Antiulcerosos/efeitos adversos , Claritromicina/administração & dosagem , Claritromicina/efeitos adversos , Esquema de Medicação , Quimioterapia Combinada , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Feminino , Infecções por Helicobacter/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Metronidazol/administração & dosagem , Metronidazol/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Úlcera Péptica/microbiologia , Rabeprazol , República da Coreia , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The goal of this study was to develop a novel cooking method for fried meat products, to improve their nutritional value, and to provide superior taste and texture. We used the fat derived from each individual meat source during radiant heat roasting (alternate roasting with its own fat: AROF) without deep-fat frying (DFF), first without any air flow and subsequently with an exposure to air flow. We then compared these roasted chicken samples to breaded fried chicken samples that were deep-fat fried in 3 types of fat: soybean oil (SB), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (PSB), and lard. The final fat contents of both the skin and lean parts of the AROF samples of chicken were less than half of those of the DFF groups. The total trans-fatty acids (TFA) contents were significantly lower in the AROF samples compared to the DFF samples. The cholesterol levels of the samples did not show any significant differences among the tested groups, except for the sample fried in lard, which was significantly higher. Moreover, the sensory evaluation results showed that the crispy texture of the AROF samples was not significantly different from that of the DFF samples (P < 0.05); the AROF samples had higher scores for the characteristic fried flavor and for overall acceptability (P < 0.05). This study shows the potential value of products prepared by AROF, which can successfully replace DFF methods used for chicken and other meat products and improve their nutritional value.
Assuntos
Galinhas , Culinária , Carne , Valor Nutritivo , Animais , Gorduras na Dieta/análise , Temperatura Alta , Humanos , Carne/análise , Sensação , Óleo de SojaRESUMO
Marine copepods have recently been recognized as important organisms in ecotoxicity testing for regulatory purposes. The harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus japonicus has a wide geographical distribution along the coast in the Western Pacific including Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. This study evaluated the acute toxicity sensitivity profile of Tigriopus japonicus against 12 common toxic substances including six endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), three biocides and three trace metals. Through standard acute toxicity test procedures, toxicity endpoints LC(50), LC(10), and no observed effect concentration (NOEC) of each chemical were obtained. Although T. japonicus depicted different sensitivities towards different chemicals, a dose-response relationship was consistent in all cases. T. japonicus was particularly sensitive to most of the EDCs, but relatively less sensitive to molinate (a thiocarbate herbicide). Across all tested chemicals, tributyltin (TBT) was the most toxic to the copepod with the LC(50), LC(10), and NOEC of 0.05, 0.03, and 0.02 mg/L, respectively. A comparison made with available data on acute toxicities of these chemicals to other marine copepod species revealed that T. japonicus is generally more sensitive to EDCs and in particular to TBT. We, therefore, strongly advocate that T. japonicus shall be adopted as a benchmark marine species for routine ecotoxicity testing and ecotoxicological studies in Western Pacific coasts.
Assuntos
Copépodes/efeitos dos fármacos , Disruptores Endócrinos/toxicidade , Metais Pesados/toxicidade , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Xenobióticos/toxicidade , Animais , Dose Letal Mediana , Nível de Efeito Adverso não Observado , Oceano Pacífico , Praguicidas/toxicidade , Fenóis/toxicidade , Bifenilos Policlorados/toxicidade , Medição de Risco/métodos , Testes de Toxicidade/métodos , Compostos de Trialquitina/toxicidadeRESUMO
The purpose of our study was to determine the effect of vascular occlusion on neuromuscular activation and/or the energy metabolic characteristics of the quadriceps femoris (QF) muscles during muscle contractions. Seven men participated in the study. An occlusion cuff was attached to the proximal end of the right thigh, so that blood flow in the anterior medial malleolar artery was reduced to approximately 88 % of the non-occluded flow. Muscle functional magnetic resonance imaging and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were carried out before and immediately after 5 sets of 10 repetitions of knee extension exercises at 50 % of the 10 repetitions maximum, from which transverse relaxation times (T2) and maximal force were measured, respectively. Integrated electromyography (iEMG) activity was recorded from the belly of the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis muscles during MVC and repetitive exercises. The percentage change in T2 was significantly increased for individual QF muscles, and there was a significant increase in iEMG activity over the 5 sets of repetitive exercises under conditions of vascular occlusion, but there was no significant effect on isometric force and iEMG activity during MVC. These results are consistent with the idea that there is greater osmolite accumulation during exercise with occlusion, although increased neural activation cannot be ruled out.
Assuntos
Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Músculo Quadríceps/irrigação sanguínea , Músculo Quadríceps/fisiologia , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Constrição , Eletromiografia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Since its discovery in 1962 by Ritossa, the heat shock response has been extensively studied by a number of investigators to understand the molecular mechanism underlying the cellular response to heat stress. The most well characterized heat shock response is induction of the heat shock proteins that function as molecular chaperones and exert cell cycle regulatory and anti-apoptotic activities. While most investigators have focused their studies on the toxic effects of heat stress in organisms such as severe heat stress-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the cellular response to fever-ranged mild heat stress has been rather underestimated. However, the cellular response to mild heat stress is likely to be more important in a physiological sense than that to severe heat stress because the body temperature of homeothermic animals increases by only 1-2 degrees C during febrile diseases. Here we provide information that mild heat stress does have some beneficial role in organisms via positively regulating cell proliferation and differentiation, and immune response in mammalian cells.