RESUMO
Neurodegenerative disorders are complex, progressive, and life-threatening. They cause mortality and disability for millions of people worldwide. Appropriate treatment for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is still clinically lacking due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Developing an effective transport system that can cross the BBB and enhance the therapeutic effect of neuroprotective agents has been a major challenge for NDs. Exosomes are endogenous nano-sized vesicles that naturally carry biomolecular cargoes. Many studies have indicated that exosome content, particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), possess biological activities by targeting several signaling pathways involved in apoptosis, inflammation, autophagy, and oxidative stress. Exosome content can influence cellular function in healthy or pathological ways. Furthermore, since exosomes reflect the features of the parental cells, their cargoes offer opportunities for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of diseases. Exosomes have unique characteristics that make them ideal for delivering drugs directly to the brain. These characteristics include the ability to pass through the BBB, biocompatibility, stability, and innate targeting properties. This review emphasizes the role of exosomes in alleviating NDs and discusses the associated signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, the unique biological features of exosomes, making them a promising natural transporter for delivering various medications to the brain to combat several NDs, are also discussed.
Assuntos
Barreira Hematoencefálica , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Exossomos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas , Exossomos/metabolismo , Humanos , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Neurodegenerativas/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/metabolismo , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/farmacologia , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Portadores de Fármacos/químicaRESUMO
SARS-CoV2 infection is an emerging issue worldwide. Cancer patient are at increased risk of infection compared to general population. On the other hand, these patients are at major risk of drug interactions caused by renal and hepatic impairment background. Because of the long-term use of chemotherapy drugs, drug interactions are important in these patients especially with SARS-CoV2 treatments now. This paper is review of reported drug interactions of current treatments for COVID-19 and anticancer agents.