[The investigation of alpha1-antitripsin, orozomukoid and ceruloplasmin in peripheral blood and oral fluid. Paradontitis is one of more risk factors of cardiovascular diseases].

This article presence the connection between paradontitis and cardiovascular diseases, and definition of the maintenance of acute phase proteins in an oral fluid at patients with acute myocardial infarction is obviously important for clinic. Results of own researches of change of the maintenance of three acute phase proteins: ceruloplasmin, alpha1-antitripsin and orosomucoid in an oral fluid and blood plasma at paradontitis and myocardial infarction allow to consider the paradontitis as one more risk factor of a cardiovascular pathology, except well-known hypertensions, smoking, a diabetes.

[Investigation of the role of Zn2+ and zinc-containing proteins in the pathogenesis of bone inflammmation (the case of periodontitis)].

The levels of Ag, Al, Bi, Co, Cr, Fe, Mo, Si in osseous tissue of periodontium of domestic cats decreased in case of periodontitis in comparision with those of a healthy animals. At the same time the level of Zn increased dramatically. The level of tagged [14C] glycine in protein of bones of periodontium increased twofold and [35S] methionine 1,54 times which is explained by the fact of predominance of I type collagen in which one third of amino acids is represented by glycine while sulfur-containing amino acids are virtually absent. The latter are contained in non-collagenous proteins of bones of periodontium contributing for its metabolism. The difference in tagged aminoacids inclusion in bones of periodontium is mainly provoked by redistribution of the collagen and non-collagenous proteins.

[A new view on pathochemical mechanisms of prolonged peritoneal dialysis].

New data on etiology, pathogenesis, clinics, quantity estimation, treatment and complications of peritoneal dialysis are observed. The role of aquaporine, nitric oxide, NO-synthase, inflammation and sepsis markers (procalcitonine, C-reactive protein) in pathochemical mechanism of peritoneal dialysis is discussed.

[Pathogenesis of ophthalmoherpes basing on the analysis of enzymes of the eye tissue and fluids].

To specify mechanisms of pathology development, we studied the activity of lysosomal glycosides in rabbit ocular tissues in experimental ophthalmoherpes. Rabbits with herpetic kepatitis show activation of beta-glucuronidase, beta-glycosidase, alpha-mannosidase in cornial epithelium and stroma, iris, aqueous humor of herpes-infected and contralateral eye. The activity of the above three glycosidases in the tears of children with herpetic keratitis was enhanced. If their activity does not regress after the treatment, ophthalmoherpes recurrence may be expected in the near future. For realization of its genetic program herpes simplex virus in infected cells activates synthesis of acid glycosidases this leading to degradation of cornial cell membranes, virus spread in the tissues and release of lysosomal enzymes into tear fluid.

[Use of tear enzyme assay to predict recurrent herpetic keratitis in children].

The purpose of the study was to develop a procedure for predicting a relapse of herpetic keratitis in children, by taking into account the results of tear biochemical analysis. The tears from 47 children with herpetic keratitis were examined for the levels of total protein, the concentration of acute-phase proteins, such as orosomucoid and C-reactive protein, the activities of transferases: gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, those of lysosomal glycosidases: alpha-mannosidase, beta-glycosidase, and beta-glucuronidase. Tear biochemical assay made it possible to evaluate the efficiency of treatment and to develop a procedure for predicting a recurrence of herpetic keratitis in children. Determination of the tear activity of the glycosidases may be used to predict recurrent herpetic keratitis in children.

[Effects of high quantities of sorbitol and saccharose in the diet on enzymes activity and liver mass of rats in different seasons of the year].

Four groups of 1-month-old rats were fed with standard diet (SD) for a month, 46% SD + 54% sorbitol, 54% saccharose or 27% sorbitol + 27% saccharose. Fed with 54% sorbitol and with 27% sorbitol + 27% saccharose differed from rats given 54% saccharose and 100% SD (they were thin, had hyperreaction to light, diarrhea). Liver mass in all the tests in autumn and winter (AuWi) is lower than in spring and summer (SpSu). It is lower in 54% sorbitol, higher in 27% sorbitol + 27% saccharose, the highest in 54% saccharose and 100% SD. Specific activity (SA) of lactate dehydrogenase (LDG) is higher, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDG) is lower in SpSu than in AuWi in 4 diets. In 54% sorbitol and 27% sorbitol + 27% saccharose SA of LDG, G-6-PDG and succinate dehydrogenase (SDG) is not higher than in 100 SD. SA of SDG and LDG in SpSu is higher than in AuWi, G-6-PDG is lower in SpSu. SA of these three enzymes is not higher in 54% sorbitol than in 100% SD in contrast to 4-fold rise of SA of sorbitol dehydrogenase. Biorhythms of enzyme SA reflect the results of interaction of adaptive molecular mechanisms of the body, including genetic ones, with changing environment.

[To the mechanism of enhancing the activity of serum and hepatic sorbitol dehydrogenase in rats fed excess sweetener sorbitol].

One-month rats were randomized to a diet containing sorbitol (SOR) (54%), saccharose (SACCH) (54%) or that containing SOR (27%) and SACCH (27%). They were kept on the diets for 1 or 3 months. At the age of 2 and 4 months, the rats were returned to the routine diet of a vivarium. The experiments were terminated when the rats were aged 2, 4, and 7 months. In all seasons, the monthly diets containing 27% and 54% of SOR increased the serum activity of sortibol dehydrogenase (SDH) by several and tens of times. The 3-month diet produced the same effect. It suddenly turned out that the 54% SACCH diet also increased SDH activity, but to a lesser extent than a combination of 27 SOR and 27% SACCH, and by tens of times less than the 54% SOR diet. Comparison of three diets showed the same relationship between the increases in SDH activity in the liver. With excess dietary SOR, a very high increase was first found in serum and hepatic SOD activity by an induction mechanism.

[Influence of mandibular fracture upon intensity and prevailing direction of carbonate and citrate transport between blood and bones].

Using new coefficient of the difference relative radioactivity (CD(RRA)) bone/blood there was studied [(14)C]-carbonate and [3-(14)C]-citrate in 1-month and 6-months rats after right-side fracture of the mandible in prevailing direction between blood and bone. Animals were taken out from the experiment 20 min after intraperitoneal injection of [(14)C]-carbonate and [3-(14)C]-citrate on 7th day after (stage of cell-fibrous callosity), on 14th day after (stage of chondroid callosity) and on 28th day after (stage of the primary bone callosity) the experiment start. Changes after injections of marked citrate and carbonate were similar. Input % (ratio pulse/min in bone and blood serum) and RRA in 1 week increased sharply, decreased in 2 weeks and less changing in 4 weeks. After fracture CD(RRA) in traumatized mandible and non traumatized femur in rats were changing in the opposite directions that testifies to the different prevailing directions of marked substances transport between blood and bones.

[Glycolytic metabolites and adenosine triphosphoric acid in the herpes-infected eye]. / Metabolity glikoliza i adenozintrifosfornaia kislota v gerpesinfitsirovannom glazu.

In the tissues of the herpes-infected eye of a rabbit the content of adenosine triphosphoric acid (ATP), glucose and pyroracemic acid decreases and the level of lactic acid rises, i.e. anaerobic glycolysis prevails over the aerobic decomposition of glucose. A sharp decrease in the amount of ATP in the cornea and the iris in herpetic keratitis is due to the increased consumption of ATP for the synthesis of DNA and polypeptides of herpes simplex virus, as well as to disturbances in the oxidation transformations of glucose linked with the increased proportion of anaerobic glycolysis.

[Ultrastructural and ultracytochemical analysis of herpes infected cornea]. / Ul'trastrukturnyi i ul'tratsitokhimicheskii analiz gerpesinfitsirovannoi rogovitsy.

Rabbit cornea (control or infected with herpes virus) was studied at different time periods after the infection. The change of both ultrastructure and topochemistry of lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine triphosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase is found. The alteration of phosphohydrolase ultracytochemistry is probably due to the enzyme mechanisms which are responsible for reproduction of the herpes simplex virus. Further study of herpetic keratitis enzymology will allow better understanding of the pathogenesis and improve the treatment of herpetic keratitis.

[Simultaneous measurement of radioactivity of 45Ca and 32P in tissues using a liquid scintillator and gas-discharge counter with a filter]. / Odnovremennoe izmerenie radioaktivnosti 45CA i 32P v tkaniakh s pomoshch'iu zhidkostnogo stsintilliatora i gazorazriadnogo schetchika a fil'trom.

Optimal conditions are developed for two methods of simultaneous recording of 45Ca and 32P-radiation in the bone and other tissues. Both methods are compared from the standpoint of their efficiency. The calculation method for the 32P hard beta-radiation in the presence of 45Ca in one tissue specimen by the liquid scintillation counter is 5-10 times as efficient as that by the gas-discharge counter with the filter. The method for recording the low-energy 45Ca beta-radiation in the combination with 32P in one tissue specimen by the end-window gas-discharge counter and filter is more efficient to some extent that the calculation in the liquid scintillation counter.

[Determination of nitrate reductase activity in mixed saliva]. / Opredelenie aktivnosti nitratreduktazy v smeshannoi sliune.

A procedure is developed for estimation of nitrate reductase activity in saliva. Effects of pH, temperature and nature of electron donor on the enzymatic activity were studied. The maximal enzymatic activity was found at pH 6.5-7.0; heating and freezing of saliva led to loss of the enzymatic activity. Salivary nitrate reductases are of microbial origin and belong to "terminal" type of nitrate reductases. The enzyme activity varied in the interval 0.8-17.3 mmole/min per I L saliva and did not depend on human sex.

[The role of the modification of cyclic purine nucleotide molecule in the regulation of platelet acid glycosidase activity]. / Rol' modifikatsii molekuly purinovogo tsiklonukleotida v reguliatsii aktivnosti kisloi glikozidazy trombotsitov.

3'5'-cGMP activated beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase, beta-glucosidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase in blood platelets, while 2'3'-cGMP, 3,5'-cGMP, N2O2'-dipalmitoyl and 5'-GMP did not affect the activity of these glycosidases. The guanylate cyclase system appears to be involved in activation of blood platelets glycosidases since it is well known that 3'5'-cGMP activates the thrombocyte protein kinase.

[Activity of antioxidant enzymes and peripheral blood lymphocyte chemiluminescence in herpes simplex virus infection of the eye]. / Aktivnost' antioksidantnykh fermentov i khemiliuminestsentsiia limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi pri infitsirovanii glaza virusom prostogo gerpesa.

Activation of lipid peroxidation in ophthalmic herpes may be estimated by an increase in the rate of chemoluminescence in peripheral lymphocytes within 2, 5-7 and 14 days after injection of herpes simplex virus into the rabbit retina. In the peripheral lymphocytes of patients with naturally developed herpetic keratitis the activity of glutathione peroxidase was decreased, while that of superoxide dismutase was increased 2-2.5-fold in the ophthalmic herpes as compared with the normal state.

[Oxidoreductase activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with herpetic keratitis]. / Aktivnost' oksidoreduktaz limfotsitov perifericheskoi krovi bol'nykh gerpeticheskim keratitom.

Activities of glutathione peroxidase, lactate-, malate- and glutamate dehydrogenases were decreased, while glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase was activated in peripheric blood lymphocytes of patients with herpetic keratitis within the acute period. Alterations in the enzymatic activity were especially distinct in herpetic ulcer of sclera as compared with other clinical forms of herpetic keratitis. As lymphocyte oxidoreductases responded distinctly to herpetic infection, estimation of their activity could be used for diagnosis, prognosis and monitoring of herpes treatment.

[Inhibitors of trypsin-like proteinases in human mixed saliva]. / Ingibitory tripsinopodobnykh proteinaz smeshannoi sliuny cheloveka.

Both BAEE esterase and antitryptic activities (ATA) were studied in mixed saliva of healthy persons and of patients with paradontosis. The ATA was measured in the saliva supernatant and in mixed saliva after thermo-acid treatment. The BAEE esterase activity was not found in 38% of healthy persons and in 41.2% of the patients with parodontosis; its mean values were lower in parodontosis as compared with normal state. The ATA could be measured in the saliva supernatant in Tris-HCl buffer; the activity was decreased in the saliva supernatant of the patients with parodontosis. Thermo-acid treatment increased the ATA values. In parodontosis ATA was increased 1.5-fold after the treatment, which appears to occur due to liberation of inhibitors from the complexes with proteins found in saliva and/or from leukocytes. In some cases the inhibitory properties of ATA were dissimilar in parodontosis after the thermo-acid treatment.

[Age-related characteristics of the effect of deafferentation of the mandible on the metabolism of sulfate, citrate, phosphorus and calcium in the bones]. / Vozrastnye osobennosti vliianiia deafferentatsii nizhnecheliustnoi kosti na obmen v nei sul'fata, tsitrata, fosfora i kal'tsiia v kostiakh.

Mineral metabolism in the bones of 1- and 3-month rats reacts to a different extent to cutting the lower alveolar nerve. After deafferentation of the lower jaw, the decrease in the intensity of incorporation of the intraperitoneally injected [3-14C]-citrate and [35S]-sulphate in the bones is more significant in 1-month animals as compared to that in older ones. Deafferentation increased utilization of Na2H32PO4 and 45CaCl2 in the bones of younger rats, but decreased incorporation of 32P and remained unchanged incorporation of 45Ca in 3-month animals.

[The effect of antioxidants on the activity of acid hydrolases in blood leukocytes from patients with leukoplakia of mouth mucosa]. / Vliianie antioksidantov na aktivnost' kislykh gidrolaz leikotsitov krovi bol'nykh leikoplakiei slizistoi obolochki polosti rta.

Activity of acid hydrolases, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase was studied in leukocytes of patients with leukoplakia of mouth mucosa before and after the treatment involving antioxidant drugs. The enzymatic activity studied was increased in leukoplakia. Cryotherapy combined with antioxidants and the treatment with antioxidants only contributed to a decrease in these enzymes activity.

[Effect of saccharose and sorbit on indices of carbohydrate metabolism in mixed saliva of patients with diabetes mellitus and dental caries]. / Vliianie sakharozy i sorbita na nekotorye pokazateli uglevodnogo obmena v smeshannoi sliune bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom i kariesom zubov.

The content of lactate in mixed saliva in severe diabetes mellitus associated with multiple caries was 5 times and in diabetes of medium severity 3.5 times greater than in caries-resistant subjects. This increase was largely caused by diabetes proper, since in multiple caries without diabetes, the lactate content was increased only 2-fold. The amount of pyruvate in saliva in multiple caries without diabetes was approximately the same as that in diabetes mellitus coupled with multiple caries. Preliminary administration to the oral cavity of 100 ml of 50% saccharose for 10 minutes (without swallowing) raised the saliva lactate content several times as compared to that in the same subjects before saccharose administration. The lactate content in saliva was particularly high in severe diabetes mellitus. Administration of 50% sorbitol of the oral cavity for 10 minutes did not increase the lactate content in saliva. Upon administration of saccharose lactate dehydrogenase activity in saliva significantly descended while sorbitol dehydrogenase activity significantly increased. Administration of sorbitol solution to the oral cavity did not produce any essential effect on sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in saliva.

[Effect of a sugar diet on the exhalation of 14CO2 by rats after the administration of citric acid-3-14C]. / Vliianie sakharnoi diety na vydykhanie 12CO2 krysami posle vvedeniia limonnoi kisloy-3-14C.

In rats of three age groups (one month-old rattlings, young 3-month old and adult rats not younger than 5 months) receiving the usual vivarium food the exhalation of C14O2 substantially decreased with the age and the maximum radioactivity of the air following intraperitoneal introduction of citric acid-3-C14 was greatly delayed. Upon putting for 2 months on a cariogenic diet with 54 per cent of saccharose of one month old and 3-month old animals there was noted a significantly accelerated appearance in the expired air of C14O2 and a quicker reaching the maximum radioactivity of the expired air than in controls. It seems that in an accelerated exhalation of C14O2 a definite role is played by the transormation of citric acid in the muscles and blood with the animals kept on a saccharose diet.