RESUMO
The actions of butyrate and related short-chain fatty acids were analyzed on the 9-1C retinoid-responsive rat prostatic adenocarcinoma cell. The 9-1C cells, which are inducible for alkaline phosphatase (AP) by retinoic acid, were also inducible for the enzyme by three- to six-carbon fatty acids. The most effective inducer was the four-carbon acid, butyrate, which caused an essentially linear increase in AP activity in the concentration range of 2 to 10 mM. A comparison of AP induction by butyrate and retinoic acid showed the retinoid to be a more potent inducer of the enzyme by several orders of magnitude. Butyrate and related short-chain fatty acids also suppressed 9-1C cell growth, an effect which is not mediated by retinoic acid in these cells. Total growth suppression was achieved at butyrate concentrations of 5 mM and above; 1.5 mM caused 50% inhibition. As in the case of AP induction, all three- to six-carbon fatty acids suppressed growth to some extent, although butyrate was the most effective. The order of carbon chain length effectiveness for both AP induction and growth suppression by the fatty acids was 4 greater than 5 greater than 3 greater than 6. Butyrate appeared to be unique among the various fatty acids in causing an increase in cell protein. The protein content of 9-1C cells cultured in the presence of 4 mM butyrate for 72 h was more than 4-fold greater than that of control cells. This observation paralleled observations on cell volumes analyzed by forward-angle light-scatter flow cytometry, which showed a concentration-related increase in the cross-sectional areas of 9-1C cells following butyrate treatment. This effect has also been shown, in a recent study, to be mediated by retinoids. One of the most striking effects of butyrate treatment was on cellular morphology. The fatty acid caused 9-1C cells, which normally grow in a disorganized array with no apparent affinity for each other, to spread out and become organized into parallel tracts through the monolayer.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/análise , Butiratos/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Retinoides/farmacologia , Adenocarcinoma/enzimologia , Animais , Ácido Butírico , Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/enzimologia , Proteínas/análise , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Cells derived from the G-subline of the Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma were selected on the basis of their inducibility for alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity by retinoic acid. A p-nitrophenylphosphate-agarose overlay procedure was used to identify AP-inducible clones. The frequency of AP-inducible cells in one rapidly growing tumorigenic clone, designated 9-1C, has remained at 100% during at least 4 months of continuous culture. In culture, 9-1C cells had a mean population-doubling time in log phase of 14 hr. Retinoic acid (10 microM) did not significantly affect the rate of growth in log phase. It did, however, cause the cultures to saturate at a cell density which was 40% lower than that of control cultures. This effect on saturation density was reversible within 24 hr after removing retinoic acid from the medium. Retinoic acid-treated cells occupied greater areas on the culture dish surface, and the cross-sectional area of these cells, measured on dispersed cells by light-scatter flow cytometry, was 35 to 40% greater than that of control cells. The inducibility of 9-1C cells for AP activity decreased as the culture density increased. Cells of the 9-1C clone produced tumors when injected into male and female Fischer X Copenhagen F1 rats. No histological differences were detected between tumors grown in male and female rats. Although the tumors were poorly differentiated, primitive acinar-like structures were observed. Cells staining uniformly positive for AP activity were distributed randomly throughout the tumors. In the acinar-like structures, AP activity was localized only on the apical surfaces of the cells lining the lumens. This was also the site of enzyme activity in acini of the lateral component of the dorsolateral prostate, the source of the original R-3327 tumor. In the lateral prostatic component, AP activity was also found in the basal region of the acini, and the secretory material filling the lumens was strongly positive for the enzyme. These two regions of the tumor acini were negative for AP activity. With the exception of activity in capillaries at the basal surface, the acini of the dorsal component of the dorsolateral prostate were devoid of AP activity.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/fisiopatologia , Fosfatase Alcalina/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/fisiopatologia , Tretinoína/farmacologia , Adenocarcinoma/enzimologia , Animais , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Células Clonais , Indução Enzimática , Histocitoquímica , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/enzimologia , RatosRESUMO
Vesical endometriosis in a postmenopausal patient is reported. An abdominal hysterectomy had been performed twenty-four years previously, and exogenous estrogens had not been administered. The patient was treated surgically with a partial cystectomy.
Assuntos
Endometriose/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/diagnóstico , Endometriose/etiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Histerectomia , Menopausa , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Tempo , Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/etiologiaRESUMO
A right flank mass, in a patient with fever of unknown origin, pain, and superiorly displaced right kidney on excretory urogram, was explored through a subcostal incision. Finding of a retroperitoneal abscess was anticipated; instead of a ruptured mycotic aortic aneurysm was encountered. An awareness that entities such as this may exist is imperative in the differential diagnosis of flank masses. Treatment through a flank incision presents an elusive if not impossible feat. Because of the gravity of the underlying disease, misdiagnosis almost always results in death.
Assuntos
Aneurisma Infectado/complicações , Aorta Abdominal , Ruptura Aórtica/etiologia , Abscesso/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Infectado/diagnóstico , Ruptura Aórtica/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Hematoma/etiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Peritoneais/diagnósticoRESUMO
A case of cavernous hemangioma of the scrotum with involvement of the perineum and buttock is presented and discussed.
Assuntos
Nádegas , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos , Períneo , Escroto , Adulto , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/patologia , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/cirurgia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/patologia , Hemangioma Cavernoso/cirurgia , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the function of the continent segment, a tapered terminal ileum with reinforced ileocecal valve, utilized in continent colonic urinary reservoir. METHODS: Closure pressure study of the continent mechanism was performed in 20 patients with the colonic reservoir empty and at maximum capacity. RESULTS: Maximum pressure within the tapered ileum was recorded at the reinforced ileocecal valve and was recorded when the reservoir was full. Pressure ranged between 60 and 200 cm water (mean, 139.5 cm H2O). The pressure within the reinforced segment exceeded the pressure within the reservoir at all times. CONCLUSIONS: When properly reinforced, the ileocecal valve is able to maintain a closing pressure above that of the detubularized urinary reservoir, making it a reliable continent mechanism.
Assuntos
Valva Ileocecal/fisiologia , Coletores de Urina , Cateterismo , Colo/cirurgia , Seguimentos , Humanos , Valva Ileocecal/cirurgia , Íleo/cirurgia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão , Derivação Urinária/métodos , Coletores de Urina/métodos , Urodinâmica/fisiologiaRESUMO
We report on 15 patients with massively refluxing megaureters in 28 renoureteral units. All had a history of urinary tract infections, and 14 were treated with initial vesical drainage. All had ureteral reimplantation, and half of those who initially underwent diversion did not require tailoring. Overall success was 87 per cent.
Assuntos
Ureter/cirurgia , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/cirurgia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Dilatação Patológica/fisiopatologia , Dilatação Patológica/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Reimplante , Ureter/fisiopatologia , Cateterismo Urinário , Derivação Urinária , Refluxo Vesicoureteral/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Subtracted bladder pressure recording is the ideal method to diagnose bladder instability in supine and erect positions. Uroflowmetry demonstrated higher peak flow rates in our stable bladder group. Lateral cystourethrography showed a higher degree of urethral hypermobility in the same group. We believe that cystometry with subtraction is still the cornerstone in the evaluation of these patients. Uroflowmetry and lateral cystography may add some information and deserve further investigation in a large number of patients. Intravesical pressure alone, external urethral sphincter electromyography, and static urethral pressure profilometry were of no value in the evaluation of our patients.
Assuntos
Incontinência Urinária por Estresse/fisiopatologia , Incontinência Urinária/fisiopatologia , Urodinâmica , Eletromiografia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Manometria , Postura , Reologia , Uretra/fisiopatologia , Bexiga Urinária/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
A case of angiosarcoma of the right corpus cavernosum with direct extension to the bladder, prostate, and seminal vesicles and metastasis to brain, liver, and cheek is presented, and the literature is reviewed.
Assuntos
Hemangiossarcoma/secundário , Neoplasias Penianas , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/secundário , Neoplasias Encefálicas/secundário , Neoplasias Faciais/secundário , Neoplasias dos Genitais Masculinos/secundário , Hemangiossarcoma/patologia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias da Próstata/secundário , Glândulas Seminais , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
Ten patients, three to fifteen years postvasectomy, underwent vasovasostomy. Using 2-0 nylon, stents were brought to the scrotal surface. Vas anastomosis was accomplished with a single transmural layer of 6-0 or 7-0 proline or chromic sutures under loupe magnification. Stents were removed in seven to ten days. After two years, a pregnancy rate of 70% was achieved, comparing favorably with other more difficult operative techniques.
Assuntos
Reversão da Esterilização/métodos , Suturas , Vasectomia , Adulto , Feminino , Fertilidade , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Técnicas de SuturaRESUMO
Angiomyolipomas of the kidney at times have been preoperatively identified by the interlobar or interlobular artery eneurysms in the early vascular phase of renal arteriograms. A case report is presented in which a plastic cast corrosion technique was used postnephrectomy to demonstrate the presence of aneurysms identified angiographically prior to surgery. Portions of a cast corrosion model of a hypernephroma are also exhibited to compare and contrast pathologic vascular features of both types of tumors.
Assuntos
Hemangioma/irrigação sanguínea , Neoplasias Renais/irrigação sanguínea , Lipoma/irrigação sanguínea , Adulto , Aneurisma/patologia , Hemangioma/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Lipoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , RadiografiaRESUMO
The relative effectiveness of different combinations of estrogen therapy and radiation therapy against the R-3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma of the Copenhagen rat was studied. Because of similar actions of estrogens and radiation in the cell cycle, and possibly antagonistic effects reported in the clinical literature, we looked for an antagonism between these two therapeutic modalities. Radiation therapy consistently showed a greater tumor inhibitory effect than estrogen therapy alone at the dose tested. Combinations of radiation therapy with hormonal manipulation did not appear to show a greater inhibition of tumor growth than radiation therapy alone. There also did not appear to be an antagonistic effect between these two modalities in this system.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Dietilestilbestrol/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapia , Adenocarcinoma/fisiopatologia , Adenocarcinoma/radioterapia , Animais , Ciclo Celular/efeitos da radiação , Linhagem Celular , Dietilestilbestrol/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Feminino , Masculino , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentais/terapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Ratos , Ratos EndogâmicosRESUMO
A case of leiomyosarcoma of the prostate is presented. The patient was successfully treated with transperineal radon seed implantation and external irradiation. The five-year, disease-free survival suggests that such patients can benefit from this therapeutic approach.
Assuntos
Leiomiossarcoma/radioterapia , Neoplasias da Próstata/radioterapia , Idoso , Braquiterapia/métodos , Seguimentos , Humanos , Leiomiossarcoma/patologia , Masculino , Prostatectomia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Radônio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
A patient with tuberous sclerosis presented with renal failure secondary to bilateral angiomyolipoma. The angiomyolipoma was associated with polycystic disease and a foci of renal cell carcinoma. This unusual combination has not been reported previously, although each entity has been described separately in tuberous sclerosis.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/complicações , Hemangioma/complicações , Neoplasias Renais/complicações , Lipoma/complicações , Doenças Renais Policísticas/complicações , Esclerose Tuberosa/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Falência Renal Crônica/etiologiaRESUMO
A newly created ureteral stenting catheter of double-ended pigtail design is introduced. The pigtail design at both ends maintains the catheter in place by serving as a solid anchoring device, both intravesically and within the renal pelvis; upward or downward migration of the stent is thus prevented. It is designed also to minimize trigonal irritation. The catheter can be introduced easily either cystoendoscopically or through a percutaneous antegrade route, or by a combination of both methods. It offers the additional advantage of being readily available from an inexpensive stock source; it may be quickly and easily custom made and shaped for any ureter by the physician immediately prior to its insertion. It thus avoids having to have premanufactured, more expensive ureteral stents of different lengths. Open surgery for upper urinary tract decompression can thus be avoided.
Assuntos
Cateterismo Urinário/instrumentação , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obstrução Ureteral/terapiaRESUMO
Whether or not to treat bacteriuria (greater than or equal to 100,000 col/cc) in the asymptomatic patient has long been controversial. Fifty-two patients with uncomplicated neurogenic bladder disease secondary to spinal cord injury and bacteriuria were followed throughout their hospitalization. Antibiotics were reserved only for symptomatic patients. Our results indicate the value of no treatment for chronic bacteriuria as an alternative to chronic suppressive therapy.
Assuntos
Bacteriúria/complicações , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/complicações , Bexiga Urinaria Neurogênica/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Anti-Infecciosos Urinários/uso terapêutico , Bacteriúria/terapia , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Humanos , Klebsiella/isolamento & purificação , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pseudomonas/isolamento & purificação , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação , Bexiga Urinaria Neurogênica/terapia , Cateterismo UrinárioRESUMO
A new technique, centrifugal cytology, appears to have a high recovery rate of malignant cells from voided urine specimens resulting in a high probability of early disease detection and should be considered a good supplement to cytoscopic evaluation of high-risk populations.
Assuntos
Urina/citologia , Centrifugação , Técnicas Citológicas , HumanosRESUMO
We evaluated the clinical utility of patient-reported erectile functioning information in discriminating Rigiscan-determined functional (greater than or equal to 70% penile tip and base rigidity and greater than or equal to 10 minutes' duration) from insufficient (less than 40% penile tip and base rigidity and less than or equal to 6 minutes' duration) erectile capacity, in a population of chronically ill men presenting with erectile dysfunction. Forty-three male veterans completed an extensive medical and psychologic evaluation, including a detailed assessment of sexual functioning, and then underwent two consecutive nights of supervised in-hospital Rigiscan sleep evaluations. Results of discriminant function analysis indicated that patient reports of morning erections and ejaculatory ability accurately predicted group membership for functional (96.7%) and insufficient (100%) categories. Careful attention to patient self-report is suggested for the urologist's initial appraisal of erectile dysfunction in populations of older, chronically ill men.
Assuntos
Disfunção Erétil/diagnóstico , Ereção Peniana , Pênis/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
One hundred and twenty-five patients with urinary incontinence, from a variety of causes, received 225 periurethral injections of Polytef paste. A good to excellent result was obtained in better than 70 per cent of the cases. Complications were minimal. The procedure appears to be safe and rapid and hospitalization is short.
Assuntos
Politetrafluoretileno/administração & dosagem , Incontinência Urinária/tratamento farmacológico , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções/métodos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Politetrafluoretileno/uso terapêutico , Postura , UretraRESUMO
A rationale is presented which provides an explanation for the loss of growth control which is associated with the early phase of experimentally-induced bladder cancer. Two early events which occur in the urothelium following exposure to carcinogen, the focal loss of alkaline phosphatase activity and the initiation of cell proliferation, are both proposed to be the result of a defect in the interaction between glucocorticoid hormone and urothelium. The possible causes for this defect are discussed in terms of a defect in, or an interference with, the glucocorticoid-receptor mechanism.