[Jaundice as a symptom of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia]. / L'ittero come sintomo di ernia traumatica del diaframma.

The onset of jaundice as an atypical, early clinical symptom of traumatic hernia of the right diaphragm is described. Jaundice has never been reported in the literature as a symptom of herniated diaphragm. In this case, it was caused by a twisted main bile duct after herniation of the right lobe of the liver through a wide thoraco-diaphragmatic opening. The need for a careful investigation of all thoracoabdominal traumas to identify any concommitant diaphragmatic pathology is emphasised. This is especially true of injuries to the right diaphragm which are often easily identified by simple examination techniques.

[New prospects offered by echography in the diagnosis of carcinoma of the gallbladder]. / Nuove prospettive offerte dall'ecografia nella diagnosi del carcinoma della colecisti.

Experience in diagnosing several cases of primary carcinoma of the cholecyst echographically in reported. The most important ultrasonic characteristics in relation to staging of the lesion are reviewed. It is seen that echographic features always correlate with surgical findings, confirming the diagnostic accuracy of the method which permits morphofunctional as well as structural evaluation. At this time echography seems to be the most rational tool for efficient diagnosis, a step forward in ensuring timely surgery and the improvement of long term prospects for the condition.

Tourette's syndrome.

1. Tourette's syndrome is a disorder with a multitude of complex behavioral problems with major implications for social impairment and emotional pain. 2. The generic care plan anticipates the predictable management problems in adolescent patients. It offers nursing interventions, particularly structure, which is important in managing symptoms. 3. The treatment process is slow. The successful implementation requires consistent efforts from the nursing staff, treatment team, and family.

[Traumatic duodenal lesions]. / Lesioni duodenali traumatiche.

The authors refer their experience about five cases of traumatic duodenal lesions. They confirm the casual relationship between delayed diagnosis, often due to inaccurate clinical-radiological evaluation, and prognosis. They emphasize the opportunity to perform a simple suture and decompression by nasogastric tube, to selected cases.

Role of advanced MR imaging modalities in diagnosing cerebral gliomas.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential role of newly developed, advanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging techniques (spectroscopy, diffusion and perfusion imaging) in diagnosing brain gliomas, with special reference to histological typing and grading, treatment planning and posttreatment follow-up. Conventional MR imaging enables the detection and localisation of neoplastic lesions, as well as providing, in typical cases, some indication about their nature. However, it has limited sensitivity and specificity in evaluating histological type and grade, delineating margins and differentiating oedema, tumour and treatment side-effects. These limitations can be overcome by supplementing the morphological data obtained with conventional MR imaging with the metabolic, structural and perfusional information provided by new MR techniques that are increasingly becoming an integral part of routine MR studies. Incorporation of such new MR techniques can lead to more comprehensive and precise diagnoses that can better assist surgeons in determining prognosis and planning treatment strategies. In addition, the recent development of new, more effective, treatments for cerebral glioma strongly relies on morphofunctional MR imaging with its ability to provide a biological interpretation of these characteristically heterogeneous tumours.