Geographic and demographic variations of inhalant allergen sensitization in Koreans and non-Koreans.

BACKGROUND: To diagnose and treat respiratory allergic diseases, it is important to identify the specific allergens involved. Many differences exist between common inhalant allergens depending on the residential environment and demographic factors. This study aimed to compare common inhalant allergens between Koreans and non-Koreans according to their residential region, age, and sex. METHODS: This study evaluated 15,334 individuals who underwent serum tests for multiple allergen-specific immunoglobulin E at a tertiary academic medical center between January 2010 and December 2016. The individuals included 14,786 Koreans and 548 non-Koreans. The AdvanSure™ Allostation assay (LG Life Science, Korea) was used to test for 33 inhalant allergens. RESULTS: The house dust mite (HDM) was the most common allergen in both Koreans and non-Koreans, although the proportion of individuals with HDM sensitization was greater among Koreans. High sensitization rates for various pollen types were detected among Koreans in Gangwon region, whereas Japanese cedar pollen was unique among Koreans in Jeju region. Grass pollen and animal dander were relatively common among individuals from the Americas, whereas weed and grass pollen accounted for the 10 most common allergens for individuals from Central Asia. The total sensitization rate, sensitization to HDM, and sensitization to animal dander peaked among adolescents and young adults, then subsequently decreased with age. CONCLUSIONS: This large-scale study demonstrates that various regional and age-related differences exist in the allergen sensitization rates of Koreans and non-Koreans. These data could be useful for development of avoidance measures, immunotherapy for causative allergens, and policymaking regarding allergic diseases.

Isolation of a novel catalase (Cat1) gene from Panax ginseng and analysis of the response of this gene to various stresses.

A cDNA clone containing a catalase (CAT1) gene, designated PgCat1, was isolated from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Korean ginseng). PgCat1 is predicted to encode a precursor protein of 492 amino acid residues, and its sequence shares high degrees of homology with a number of other CAT1s. Genomic DNA hybridization analysis indicated that PgCat1 represents a multi-gene family. Reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR results showed that PgCat1 expressed at different levels in leaves, stem, roots of P. ginseng seedlings. Different stresses, heavy metals, plant hormones, osmotic agents, high light irradiance, abiotic stresses, triggered a significant induction of PgCat1. The positive responses of PgCat1 to the various stimuli suggested that P. ginseng PgCat1 may help to protect the plant against reactive oxidant related environmental stresses.