NOS3 Gene rs1799983 and rs2070744 Polymorphisms in Patients with Unstable Angina.

Acute coronary syndrome occurs when the heart muscle does not receive adequate oxygen and nutrients in a timely manner. Acute coronary syndromes are primarily due to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries, i.e., coronary heart disease. Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesised from L-arginine in endothelial cells by the constitutive calcium-calmodulin-dependent enzyme, nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which mediates endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is predominantly expressed in endothelial cells. Three NOS isoforms have been detected in different tissue: (1) neuronal NOS (nNOS) (NOS1), (2) eNOS (NOS2), and (3) inducible NOS (iNOS) (NOS3). These isoforms are encoded by three different genes. NOS3 is located on chromosome 7q35-36 and contains 26 exons. Previous studies have suggested that NOS3 polymorphisms may be associated with acute coronary syndromes. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the associations between NOS3 rs1799983 (894G/T)andrs2070744 (-786T/C) polymorphisms and unstable angina. This study included 246 patients with unstable angina, as confirmed by coronary angiography. We also included 189 healthy controls who were also assessed by this technique. There were no significant differences in genotype distributions of NOS3 rs1799983and rs2070744 polymorphisms in patients with unstable angina and healthy controls in both univariate and multivariate analyses. In patients with the NOS3 rs1799983 TT genotype, we observed a higher BMI (TT vs. GT + GG, p = 0.068), and in patients with the NOS3 rs2070744 TT genotype, we observed a higher waist circumference (TT vs. TC + CC, p = 0.023; TT vs. CC, p = 0.0053). These data suggest a lack of association between the NOS3 rs1799983andrs2070744 polymorphisms and unstable angina in our patient population. However, these polymorphisms may be associated with some obesity parameters, rs1799983 in females and rs2070744 in males.

Early outcomes and periprocedural complications of transarterial embolization of brain arteriovenous malformations with Onyx®.

BACKGROUND: Brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) is a rare pathology diagnosed mostly in young adults. However, due to its hemorrhagic complications, it constitutes an important clinical problem. Treatment modalities available include endovascular, surgery and radiosurgery. The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment of BAVM with Onyx® by reporting one-center experience. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2006 and 2013, 54 patients with BAVM were embolized with Onyx. The group consisted of 24 males and 30 females, aged 10 to 65 years (mean 42.6±15.4). Clinical manifestations of BAVMs were: hemorrhage in 27 (50.0%), headaches in 12 (22.2%), seizures in 7 (13.0%) and focal neurologic deficits in 2 (3.7%) patients. Six (11.1%) patients were asymptomatic. A majority of BAVMs were of II and III grade in Spetzler-Martin scale (19 and 22 cases respectively). RESULTS: A total number of 108 endovascular procedures were performed (mean 2.00±0.98 sessions/patient). Complete obliteration of malformation was achieved in 25 (46.3%) patients, mostly with grade II and III BAVMs. In 29 (53.7%) patients, embolization led to a decrease in size of BAVM that made it feasible for other treatment modality. Morbidity and mortality rates were 5.6% and 1.8% respectively. The rate of hemorrhagic complications was 9.3%. CONCLUSION: Embolization of BAVM with Onyx® is an effective and safe method of treatment. However, regarding type and consequences of complications, the technique needs further improvement.

Is plasma soluble CD36 associated with cardiovascular risk factors in early onset coronary artery disease patients?

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This is the first study to investigate the relationship between plasma concentration of soluble CD36 (sCD36) and CD36 gene polymorphisms as well as clinical and echocardiographic parameters in patients with early onset coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: sCD36 concentrations were measured by the ELISA kits. CD36 sequence alterations detected by the DHPLC technique comprised single nucleotide substitutions: rs3173798, rs3211892, rs5956 and rs141680676. RESULTS: There were significant negative correlations between sCD36 and red blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit and glucose concentration, ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, patients' weight and waist circumference, BMI, WHR, systolic blood pressure, MAP values, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter and volume, left atrium diameter, right ventricular end-diastolic diameter. There were significant positive correlations between sCD36 and patients' age, mean corpuscular volume of erythrocytes, HDL-cholesterol, ApoA1 concentrations. Significantly higher CD36 plasma levels were found in female subgroup. There was no association between CD36 genotypes and sCD36 concentrations. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that significant independent predictors of higher plasma sCD36 level were female gender, older age, lower serum glucose and lower RBC. CONCLUSION: The presented data suggest possible protective effects of higher sCD36 concentration in relation to metabolic syndrome components in CAD patients. Higher sCD36 concentration is also associated with lower risk of left ventricular hypertrophy, but on the other hand is a potential risk factor of impaired left ventricle diastolic function.

Synthesis and Regulation of miRNA, Its Role in Oncogenesis, and Its Association with Colorectal Cancer Progression, Diagnosis, and Prognosis.

The dysfunction of several types of regulators, including miRNAs, has recently attracted scientific attention for their role in cancer-associated changes in gene expression. MiRNAs are small RNAs of ~22 nt in length that do not encode protein information but play an important role in post-transcriptional mRNA regulation. Studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in tumour progression, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumour angiogenesis and invasion, and play a complex and important role in the regulation of tumourigenesis. The detection of selected miRNAs may help in the early detection of cancer cells, and monitoring changes in their expression profile may serve as a prognostic factor in the course of the disease or its treatment. MiRNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence for an epigenetic interaction between DNA methylation and miRNA expression in tumours. This article provides an overview of selected miRNAs, which are more frequently expressed in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting an oncogenic nature.

An Evaluation of Plasma TNF, VEGF-A, and IL-6 Determination as a Risk Marker of Atherosclerotic Vascular Damage in Early-Onset CAD Patients.

Background: The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis is multifactorial and diverse. Pro-inflammatory cytokines are involved in these processes. It is suggested that inflammation may represent a novel and modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study aimed to gain insight into the relationship between plasma concentrations of TNF, VEGF, IL-6, and radiological parameters of atherosclerosis progression in patients with early-onset coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Seventy clinically stable patients were included in the study group. The age range for men was no more than 50 years, while for women, it was no more than 55 years. Fasting blood samples were obtained for plasma TNF, VEGF, and IL-6 protein measurements. Plasma cytokine concentrations were measured via ELISA. Doppler ultrasound of the carotid and peripheral arteries was performed in all patients. Results: After Bonferroni correction, there were no significant correlations between any cytokine and radiological parameters of atherosclerosis progression in our patients. Conclusions: The determination of plasma TNF, IL-6, and VEGF levels may not be a reliable marker for the vascular condition, and the measurement of these cytokines in plasma cannot replace the classical radiological examination of the vessels.

Could Tumor Necrosis Factor Serve as a Marker for Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Patients with Early-Onset Coronary Artery Disease?

Introduction: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, can be produced by cardiomyocytes, leading to metabolic disorders in the myocardium. The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between plasma levels of the TNF cytokine and the presence of known biochemical and clinical risk factors for cardiovascular disease, along with the parameters of cardiac morphology in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD) at a young age. Materials and Methods: The study group included 75 men aged up to 50 years and 25 women aged up to 55 years. The plasma TNF concentration was measured by use of the ELISA assay. Echocardiography and electrocardiographic examinations were performed in all patients. Results: We observed positive correlations for TNF with the BMI ratio, weight, waist and hip circumference. We also found negative correlations for TNF with HDL levels and ApoA concentrations, and positive correlations with the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, Apo B, IL6, LDL and TG concentrations. These results suggest an association between higher plasma TNF concentrations and components of metabolic syndrome, including dyslipidemia. TNF may be a potential risk factor for impaired diastolic function. Conclusions: While TNF may be useful for diagnosing certain risks in CAD patients, the TNF measurement cannot be used as a surrogate test for echocardiography.

Prognostic Value of the Selected Polymorphisms in the CD36 Gene in the Domain-Encoding Lipid-Binding Region at a 10-Year Follow-Up for Early-Onset CAD Patients.

The polymorphism of the CD36 gene may have a decisive impact on the formation and progression of atherosclerotic changes. The aim of the study was to confirm the prognostic values of the previously studied polymorphisms in the CD36 gene within a 10-year follow-up period. This is the first published report confirming the long-term observation of patients with CAD. The study group covered 100 early-onset CAD patients. It included 26 women not older than 55 years and 74 men not older than 50 years, tested in a ten-year study as a long-term follow-up after the first cardiovascular episode. There are no notable differences between the CD36 variants and the number of fatalities during observation, fatalities due to cardiological reasons, cases of myocardial infarction within a ten-year observation period, hospitalizations for cardiovascular issues, all cardiovascular occurrences, and the number of months lived. We have shown that the CD36 variants analyzed in this study do not appear to be related to the risk of early CAD occurrence in the Caucasian population in long-term observation.

Level of Disability after Total Hip Replacement in Patients with Some COMT Gene Polymorphism.

BACKGROUND: The COMT gene encodes the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase, which is a key modulator of dopaminergic and adrenergic neurotransmission. Hip osteoarthritis is accompanied by reduced mobility and some level of disability. In our study, we analyzed the association between some COMT gene polymorphisms and reduced mobility in patients after total hip replacement (THR). METHODS: The operative procedures were performed on 195 patients with symptomatic and radiologically advanced hip osteoarthritis. In the postoperative follow-up, we assessed hip function with the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and the degree of disability with the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). These procedures were repeated three times at defined intervals (one week, six weeks, and six months) after the total hip replacement. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. SNPs in the COMT genes rs4680:A>G, rs6269:A>G, rs4633:C>T, and rs4818:C>G were genotyped. RESULTS: Our findings suggest an association between COMT gene variability and the level of disability measured by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) in patients after total hip replacement (THR). CONCLUSIONS: A higher number of COMT G alleles (rs4818) is an independent factor in a significant reduction in disability degree at both one week and six months after total hip replacement (THR), regardless of age or gender.

Polymorphism of the CD36 Gene and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Manifested at a Young Age.

This study investigates potential associations between CD36 gene variants and the presence of risk factors in Caucasians with coronary artery disease (CAD) manifested at a young age. The study group consisted of 90 patients; the men were ≤ 50 years old and the women were ≤ 55 years old. Amplicons of exons 4 and 5 including fragments of introns were analyzed by DHPLC. Two polymorphisms were found: IVS3-6 T/C (rs3173798) and IVS4-10 G/A (rs3211892). The C allele of the IVS3-6 T/C polymorphism was associated with higher prevalence of obesity and diabetes, higher hsCRP, lower Lp(a) serum concentrations, and younger age at myocardial infarction. The A allele of the IVS4-10 G/A polymorphism was associated with older age of myocardial infarction and higher white blood cell count. The functional role of CD36 polymorphisms in CAD development needs further research.

Polymorphism of CD36 gene, carbohydrate metabolism and plasma CD36 concentration in obese children. A preliminary study.

INTRODUCTION: CD36 may play an important role in removal of oxidized LDLs from plasma, protein glycation, the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy. Some reports have pointed to decreased expression of macrophages in association with mutations of the CD36 gene in hyperglycemic and obese subjects. The aim of the study was to search for an association between CD36 gene polymorphism and carbohydrate metabolism disturbances or variability of plasma soluble CD36 concentrations in obese children. MATERIAL/METHODS: The study included 60 children aged 10 to 15 years: 30 with (study group) and 30 without (control group) obesity. Each patient's glycated hemoglobin, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured, BMI, WHR and MAP were calculated, and oral glucose tolerance test was performed with glucose and insulin concentration measurements. Amplicons of exons 4-6 of CD36 were studied using DHPLC technique. The PCR products with alterations were bidirectionally sequenced. Plasma concentrations of human antigen CD36 was measured using a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: We found two intronic alterations: IVS3-6 T/C (rs3173798) and IVS4-10 G/A (rs3211892), one nonsynonymous substitution: G367A (Glu123Lys, rs183461468) in exon 5 and two synonymous transitions in exon 6: G573A (Pro191Pro, rs5956) and A591T (Thr197Thr, rs141680676). There were no significant differences in any biochemical or morphometric parameters between genotype groups. DISCUSSION: The polymorphisms of the studied fragment of CD36 are not associated with carbohydrate metabolism disturbances or the variability of plasma soluble CD36 concentrations in obese children, but further research is necessary to assess their functional implications.

[Stent-assisted mechanical removal of tromboembolism after embolization of middle cerebral artery aneurysm]. / Endowaskularne leczenie tetniaka tetnicy srodkowej mózgu uzupelnione mechanicznym wydobyciem zakrzepu przy pomocy stentu.

Thrombotic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery's branch occurred just after embolization of a nonruptured cerebral aneurysm. Bail-out stent-assisted mechanical thrombectomy of the clot was performed. DSA revealed normal vessel patency at the end of the procedure. There were no adverse events related to this thrombectomy, and the patient recovered from the embolization with minor neurologic deficit. There was no neurologic deficit after 90 days follow-up.

[Elective cerebral arteriovenous malformation treatment with onyx after coil embolization of ruptured, flow-realeted aneurysm of the posterior circulation]. / Planowe endowaskularne leczenie malformacji t9tniczo-zylnej mózgu za pomocaa substancji typu Onyx, po embolizacji coilami peknietego przeplywozaleznego tetniaka krazenia tylnego mózgu.

Intracranial arteriovenous posterior circulation malformation was planned to embolize by onyx injection after acute coil embolization of ruptured flow-realeted aneurysm of posterior cerebral artery. Control angiography revealed completely embolized malformation with normal vessel patency at the end of procedure. There were no adverse events related to this procedure and no neurologic deficit at the discharge.

Lack of Association between (AAT)n Polymorphism of the CNR1 Gene Encoding the Cannabinoid Receptor (CB1) and Patient's Quality of Life.

Genetic factors may predispose persons to decreased pain excitability. One of the interesting modulators affecting pain perception may be polymorphisms of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CNR1) gene. In this study, we examined the association between three-nucleotide repeats (AAT) polymorphism located in the 3'UTR non-translational region of CNR1 and the patient's quality of life after total hip arthroplasty. Our study examined the degree of pain sensation, hip function, and the patient's performance at defined intervals after elective hip replacement due to degenerative changes. The study included 198 patients (128 women and 70 men). The average age was 67 years. PCR genotyping assay was used to identify the (AAT)n triplet repeat polymorphism in the CNR1 gene. The (AAT)n repeat number was determined by sequencing using a standard sequencing protocol. Our study found no statistically significant association between the degree of pain, hip function, and the change in the degree of disability and the (AAT)n polymorphism in the CNR1 gene, no statistically significant correlations between clinical symptoms, the patient's age, and the number of AAT repeats, no association between the length of the allele and the degree of pain, hip function, and the change in disability.

Association of Adiponectin, Leptin and Resistin Plasma Concentrations with Echocardiographic Parameters in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease.

The imbalanced network of adipokines may contribute to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, metabolic diseases and coronary artery disease (CAD). In the last decade, three classic adipokines-adiponectin, leptin and resistin-have been of particular interest in studies of patients with CAD due to their numerous properties in relation to the cardiovascular system. This has directed our attention to the association of adipokines with cardiac structure and function and the development of heart failure (HF), a common end effect of CAD. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyse the associations of plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin with parameters assessed in the echocardiographic examinations of CAD patients. The presented study enrolled 167 Caucasian patients (133 male; 34 female) with CAD. Anthropometric, echocardiographic and basic biochemical measurements, together with plasma concentrations of adiponectin, leptin and resistin assays, were performed in each patient. Adiponectin concentrations were negatively associated with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and shortening fraction (LVSF), and positively associated with mitral valve E/A ratio (E/A), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter LVESD, and left atrium diameter (LAD). Resistin concentrations were negatively associated with E/A. Leptin concentrations, although correlated with HF severity assessed by the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, were not independently associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac structure or function. In conclusion, adiponectin and resistin, but not leptin, are associated with the echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction. These associations suggest that adiponectin and resistin might be involved in mechanisms of cardiac remodelling or compensative response. We also suggest the possible benefits of adiponectin and resistin level measurements in the monitoring of patients with CAD.

The Multifunctionality of CD36 in Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications-Update in Pathogenesis, Treatment and Monitoring.

CD36 is a multiligand receptor contributing to glucose and lipid metabolism, immune response, inflammation, thrombosis, and fibrosis. A wide range of tissue expression includes cells sensitive to metabolic abnormalities associated with metabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus (DM), such as monocytes and macrophages, epithelial cells, adipocytes, hepatocytes, skeletal and cardiac myocytes, pancreatic ß-cells, kidney glomeruli and tubules cells, pericytes and pigment epithelium cells of the retina, and Schwann cells. These features make CD36 an important component of the pathogenesis of DM and its complications, but also a promising target in the treatment of these disorders. The detrimental effects of CD36 signaling are mediated by the uptake of fatty acids and modified lipoproteins, deposition of lipids and their lipotoxicity, alterations in insulin response and the utilization of energy substrates, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and fibrosis leading to the progressive, often irreversible organ dysfunction. This review summarizes the extensive knowledge of the contribution of CD36 to DM and its complications, including nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy.

Polymorphisms in GP6, PEAR1A, MRVI1, PIK3CG, JMJD1C, and SHH Genes in Patients with Unstable Angina.

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a significant public health problem because it is one of the major causes of death worldwide. Several studies have investigated the associations between CAD and polymorphisms in genes connected with platelet aggregation and the risk of venous thromboembolism. AIM: In this study, we examined the associations between polymorphisms in GP6 (rs1671152), PEAR1A (rs12566888), MRVI1 (rs7940646), PIK3CG (rs342286), JMJD1C (rs10761741), SHH (rs2363910), and CAD in the form of unstable angina as well as selected clinical and biochemical parameters. The study enrolled 246 patients with diagnosed unstable angina and 189 healthy controls. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the distribution of the studied polymorphisms between the patients with unstable angina and the controls. In patients with the GP6 rs1671152 GG genotype, we observed increased BMI values and an increased frequency of type 2 diabetes diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest a lack of association between GP6 (rs1671152), PEAR1A (rs12566888), MRVI1 (rs7940646), PIK3CG (rs342286), JMJD1C (rs10761741), SHH (rs2363910), and unstable angina. The results indicate an association between GP6 (rs1671152) and type 2 diabetes.

The circulating vascular endothelial growth factor is only marginally associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is a protein that plays a role in the formation and function of blood vessels, promotes increased vascular permeability or migration of monocytes through endothelial layers. We have tested the hypothesis that plasma levels of VEGF-A may be associated with biochemical and radiological parameters as a marker of cardiovascular risk in Caucasian patients with early-onset CAD. METHODS: The study group included 100 patients: 75 men not older than 50 years and 25 women not older than 55 years at the moment of CAD diagnosis. The control group (patients without CAD) comprised 50 healthy cases. ELISA test was used to measure plasma concentrations of VEGF. Doppler ultrasound of carotid and peripheral arteries was carried out in each patient. Serum glucose, complete lipid profile, ApoA1, ApoB, Lp(a) and blood count were measured in each case. RESULTS: Only very weak correlations of plasma VEGF levels with biochemical cardiovascular risk factors in the CAD subjects have been demonstrated. In the study group, VEGF concentration was significantly positively correlated with the same blood parameters as white blood cells, platelets, plateletcrit, apolipoprotein B, total and LDL cholesterol fraction. The plaque of common carotid arteries and bifurcation was present in 39% of CAD patients, however, there was no significant association between VEGF plasma concentration and any measured parameters in Doppler ultrasound of carotid and peripheral arteries. CONCLUSIONS: The circulating VEGF is only marginally associated with an increased risk for atherosclerosis.

Platelets arachidonic acid metabolism in patients with essential hypertension.

Arachidonic acid's (AA) metabolites, eicosanoids, exert a tremendous influence on circulatory and vascular homeostasis, and in humans are generated by many organs and cell types. In this study we wanted to verify whether platelets AA metabolism play a significant role in pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH). Participants were divided into the study (EH) and the control group. Plasma and urine concentrations of isoprostanes (8-iPF(2alpha)-III) and thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) were determined using the ELISA method. The levels of 5- and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic (HETE) acids, generated by platelets, were analysed using RP-HPLC. In a suspension of not stimulated and AA-stimulated platelets TxB(2) level was statistically lower in the study than in the control group (p < 0.0001 and 0.001 respectively). The concentration of 12-HETE was significantly elevated in EH patients compared to the control group; however, only in the non-stimulated conditions (p < 0.05). Plasma and urine F2-isoprostanes levels were significantly higher in hypertensive individuals than in the control group (p < 0.00002 and p < 0.01 respectively). Moreover, EH patients excreted more TxB(2) in urine than normotensive individuals (p < 0.05). Our results highlight the mutual connections between the platelets AA metabolism and indicate its possible role in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. Moreover, we hypothesize that platelets AA metabolism may exert a pro-atherosclerotic effect. Finally, we suggest the use of (5-HETE+12-HETE)/TxB(2) parameter in further studies.

PPARA, PPARD and PPARG gene polymorphisms in patients with unstable angina.

BACKGROUND: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) include the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors involved in several metabolic processes, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this study we examined PPARA: rs4253778, rs1800206, PPARD: rs2267668, rs2016520, rs1053049, PPARG rs1801282 and PPARGC1A rs8192678 polymorphisms in patients with unstable angina. This study included 246 patients with unstable angina confirmed by coronary angiography (defined by >70% stenosis in at least one major coronary artery) and 189 healthy controls. RESULTS: We observed statistically significant difference in distribution of PPARG rs1801282 genotypes and alleles between patients and control group. Among patients there was the increased frequency of CG and GG genotypes and G alleles. The association between PPARG rs1801282 G allele and unstable angina was confirmed in multivariate regression analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of other studied polymorphisms between patients with unstable angina and the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest the association between PPARG rs1801282 G allele and unstable angina in Polish population.

Associations between IL-6 and Echo-Parameters in Patients with Early Onset Coronary Artery Disease.

BACKGROUND: Over the last two decades, many studies have investigated the association between interleukin 6 (IL-6) and pathogenesis and progression of coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with CAD manifested at a young age are a particularly interesting group. They differ from older patients, not only in terms of the severity of coronary artery atherosclerosis, but also risk factor profiles, short- and long-term prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI). The role of IL-6 in younger patients with CAD is less well-known. Therefore, our study aimed to analyze the relationship between IL-6 level and other inflammations, atherosclerosis, and cardiac function parameters in early onset CAD patients. METHODS: The study covered 100 patients with early onset CAD and a group of 50 healthy participants. Plasma levels of IL-6 and basic biochemical parameters, anthropometric, echocardiographic, and arteries Doppler ultrasound measurements were performed. RESULTS: We did not observe a significant difference in IL-6 concentration in plasma between patients with early onset CAD and a control group, but IL-6 level was negatively correlated with echocardiographic measurements of ascending aorta diameter, left ventricular shortening fraction, and right ventricular end-diastolic diameter in our patients. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with early onset CAD, plasma IL-6 level is associated with other inflammation parameters and with cardiac function, potentially contributing to right ventricular remodeling and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. This suggests possible prognostic benefits of long-time observation of IL-6 level after the acute coronary syndrome.