Subspace tracking for phase noise source separation in frequency combs.

It is widely acknowledged that the phase noise of an optical frequency comb primarily stems from the common mode (carrier-envelope) and the repetition rate phase noise. However, owing to technical noise sources or other intricate intra-cavity factors, residual phase noise components, distinct from the common mode and the repetition rate phase noise, may also exist. We introduce a measurement technique that combines subspace tracking and multi-heterodyne coherent detection for the separation of different phase noise sources. This method allows us to break down the overall phase noise sources associated with a specific comb-line into distinct phase noise components associated with the common mode, the repetition rate and the residual phase noise terms. The measurement method allow us, for the first time, to identify and measure residual phase noise sources of a frequency modulated mode-locked laser.

Arthroscopic Proximal Subpectoral Tenodesis of the Long Head of the Biceps.

Biceps tenodesis is a common treatment method for biceps pathology. When tenodesis is located in intra-articular or suprapectoral areas, the biceps is fixed proximally to the zone of degeneration and inflammation, which can cause residual pain as a possible postsurgical complication. The main advantage of this method is that this technique is comparatively easy and can be performed arthroscopically. Typically, in terms of professional athletes, the best post-biceps tenodesis results are observed after undergoing subpectoral tenodesis because of the solid fixation and localization distally to any kind of biceps tendon degeneration and inflammation zone. However, subpectoral tenodesis has several disadvantages, as it is an open procedure that can lead to possible scar and hematoma formation, infection, bioabsorbable screw reaction, neurovascular injury, and fractures. Soft-tissue tenodesis to the proximal part of pectoralis major tendon is a well-known step in shoulder arthroplasty surgery and shows acceptable results. We suggest a technique of proximal subpectoral arthroscopic tenodesis, which combines the advantages of the location in the subpectoral zone with an all-suture anchor and that of soft-tissue tenodesis to the pectoralis major tendon, which can be performed fully arthroscopically, improving results in terms of healing by increasing the contact area.