[Development of a method for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment of children with herpetic stomatitis.]

The high frequency of herpes infection in children determines the need to search for new diagnostic markers, evaluate treatment efficacy and predict relapse of the disease. The purpose of the work is to assess the possibility of using biochemical analysis of oral fluid to assess the effectiveness of treatment of children with acute herpetic stomatitis. In the oral fluid and blood plasma of 28 children of patients with acute herpetic stomatitis in the dynamics of the disease, the content of total protein, proteins of the acute phase of inflammation, as well as the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc was determined spectrophotometrically. Oral fluid and blood plasma of 45 practically healthy children were used as a control. In acute herpetic stomatitis, the content of C-reactive protein, orosomucoid, α1-antitrypsin, ceruloplasmin, prealbumin and microalbumin, as well as magnesium, calcium and zinc, increases in the oral fluid of children, but the level of total protein and transferrin decreases. In this blood plasma, the level of ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid, C-reactive protein, α1-antitrypsin is higher, and zinc is lower than in healthy children. The copper content in the oral fluid and blood plasma of children increases with moderate herpetic stomatitis, and significantly decreases with severe herpetic stomatitis. The degree of changes in the content of the proteins of acute phase of inflammation and indicators of mineral metabolism of the oral fluid and blood plasma of children with a herpetic infection of the oral cavity correlates with the severity of the disease. Highly significant correlations were revealed when comparing the concentrations of proteins of the acute phase of inflammation, electrolytes between the oral fluid and the blood plasma of children with acute herpetic stomatitis. After treatment of children with acute herpetic stomatitis, the content of minerals and proteins of the acute phase of inflammation in the oral fluid returned to normal only with a mild disease severity. A method has been developed for evaluating the effectiveness of treatment of children with acute herpetic stomatitis by determining the content of minerals in the oral fluid. The ratio of copper to calcium in the oral fluid of children more than 45 should be considered an indicator of effective treatment of children with herpetic stomatitis.

[Lacrimal and salivatory glycoproteins in ophthalmic herpes]. / Glikoproteiny slezy i rotovoi zhidkosti pri oftal'mogerpese.

AIM: to compare tear, saliva, and plasma levels of acute phase proteins (APPs) of inflammation in patients with herpes keratitis and to use the RESULTS in treatment evaluation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: APPs were measured in tears, oral fluid, and blood plasma from 22 adults and 34 children with ophthalmic herpes as well as 68 healthy controls using immunoturbidimetric and spectrophotometric methods of detection. RESULTS: High levels of C-reactive protein and orosomucoid, low levels of ceruloplasmin, α1-antitrypsin, and transferrin in tears from patients with herpes keratitis as well as abnormal tear, saliva, and plasma APPs levels at discharge are poor prognostic signs. They all indicate that corneal inflammation is still intense and that the treatment should not be ceased yet. Severity of APPs concentration changes in tear from patients with herpes keratitis correlates with the depth of corneal lesions, recurrence rate, and disease dynamics. CONCLUSION: Quantitative determination of acute phase proteins in tear and oral fluid is an early and sensitive inflammation test and may be also used for non-invasive monitoring and antiviral treatment evaluation. Oral fluid allows to extend the capabilities of non-invasive diagnostics of ophthalmic herpes.

[The investigation of alpha1-antitripsin, orozomukoid and ceruloplasmin in peripheral blood and oral fluid. Paradontitis is one of more risk factors of cardiovascular diseases].

This article presence the connection between paradontitis and cardiovascular diseases, and definition of the maintenance of acute phase proteins in an oral fluid at patients with acute myocardial infarction is obviously important for clinic. Results of own researches of change of the maintenance of three acute phase proteins: ceruloplasmin, alpha1-antitripsin and orosomucoid in an oral fluid and blood plasma at paradontitis and myocardial infarction allow to consider the paradontitis as one more risk factor of a cardiovascular pathology, except well-known hypertensions, smoking, a diabetes.

[Diagnostic value of the determination of salivary acute-phase proteins in patients with myocardial infarction].

The salivary and plasma levels of acute phase proteins were determined in 59 patients with myocardial infarction (MI). In acute and subacute MI, the content of ceruloplasmin, orosomucoid, and alpha1-antitrypsin increased not only in the plasma, but also in the saliva. A noninvasive procedure was devised to diagnose the termination of an inflammatory process in the necrotic process in MI, which implies the determination of salivary ceruloplasmin, if the latter is less than 106 mg/l, inflammation completeness in the necrotic area is diagnosed. The procedure is simple, reliable, and usable in clinical laboratories.

[Pathogenesis of ophthalmoherpes basing on the analysis of enzymes of the eye tissue and fluids].

To specify mechanisms of pathology development, we studied the activity of lysosomal glycosides in rabbit ocular tissues in experimental ophthalmoherpes. Rabbits with herpetic kepatitis show activation of beta-glucuronidase, beta-glycosidase, alpha-mannosidase in cornial epithelium and stroma, iris, aqueous humor of herpes-infected and contralateral eye. The activity of the above three glycosidases in the tears of children with herpetic keratitis was enhanced. If their activity does not regress after the treatment, ophthalmoherpes recurrence may be expected in the near future. For realization of its genetic program herpes simplex virus in infected cells activates synthesis of acid glycosidases this leading to degradation of cornial cell membranes, virus spread in the tissues and release of lysosomal enzymes into tear fluid.

[Use of tear enzyme assay to predict recurrent herpetic keratitis in children].

The purpose of the study was to develop a procedure for predicting a relapse of herpetic keratitis in children, by taking into account the results of tear biochemical analysis. The tears from 47 children with herpetic keratitis were examined for the levels of total protein, the concentration of acute-phase proteins, such as orosomucoid and C-reactive protein, the activities of transferases: gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase, those of lysosomal glycosidases: alpha-mannosidase, beta-glycosidase, and beta-glucuronidase. Tear biochemical assay made it possible to evaluate the efficiency of treatment and to develop a procedure for predicting a recurrence of herpetic keratitis in children. Determination of the tear activity of the glycosidases may be used to predict recurrent herpetic keratitis in children.

[Biochemical analysis of children tears in herpetic keratitis]. / Biokhimicheskii analiz slezy detei pri gerpeticheskom keratite.

The processes of free-radical oxidation aggravate and the antioxidant corneal protection worsens in children with herpetic keratitis, which is confirmed by a higher chemiluminescence of the lachrymal fluid and by a lower peroxidase activity in it. The study results are indicative of the feasibility to add the antioxidants to the complex therapy of herpetic keratitis. On the basis of the enzyme assay a method was designed to prognosticate the possibility of relapses of ophthalmoherpes in children.

[Enzymatic analysis of lacrimal fluid in viral keratitis]. / Fermentativnyi analiz sleznoi zhidkosti pri virusnom keratite.

Activities of four antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and peroxidase) and of three transferases (serum glutamic oxaloacetic and pyruvic transaminases, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) were measured in the lacrimal fluid of patients with herpetic keratitis. Measurements of lacrimal enzymes in the course of the disease helps assess the efficacy of treatment and permits its correction. After the treatment of herpetic keratitis is over, activities of the lacrimal enzymes should be assessed together with clinical signs, this permitting a prediction of a recurrence of ophthalmic herpes and timely administration of anti-relapse treatment.