RESUMO
Many health professionals lack important teaching skills, perhaps adding to patient difficulties in understanding and adopting therapeutic diets. Research suggests that teaching skills improved after dietitians took a continuing education course entitled "Effective Patient Teaching." Our study tested whether dietitians' new skills would persist in the field and whether selected patient outcomes would differ as a result. Thirty staff dietitians from six urban hospitals were videotaped teaching patients, then randomly assigned to take the Effective Patient Teaching course or not (control group). Follow-up videotapes were made after 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months. After each teaching session, patient satisfaction and recall were assessed. Two judges rated 20 teaching skills, which were divided into four subsets for analysis. Repeated measures analyses of variance showed overall gains only for the group that took the Effective Patient Teaching course, which scored higher than the control group at 1 week and 1 month, but not at baseline or 3 months. Gains occurred in presentation skills and essential teaching functions. Throughout the study, interpersonal skills were high and adherence promotion skills were low for dietitians in both groups. Groups did not differ on patient satisfaction or recall. Improvements in dietitians' teaching skills translated to the field immediately after they completed the continuing education program, but not all gains were sustained after 3 months. We recommend that dietitians assess their teaching and adherence promotion skills, obtain training where warranted, and periodically reassess the application of those skills during patient teaching sessions.
Assuntos
Dietética/educação , Ciências da Nutrição/educação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/normas , Ensino/normas , Adulto , Idoso , Análise de Variância , Feminino , Humanos , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , Entrevistas como Assunto , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Distribuição Aleatória , Inquéritos e Questionários , Gravação de VideoteipeRESUMO
Even following education sessions, dietary adherence among medical patients is generally poor. One contributor to this problem may be the quality of teaching and adherence promotion skills employed by Registered Dietitians, whose behavior during routine patient interactions was evaluated in this observational study. Thirty dietitians were videotaped with one of their patients. Twenty operationally defined skills were rated on a scale from 0 (skill absent) to 3 (excellent). Dietitians' interpersonal skills were good (mean = 2.1, S.D. = 0.35), but all other skills were performed significantly less well (mean scores less than 1.0). Adherence promotion skills were rarely observed. Dietitians need supplemental training to improve teaching and adherence promotion skills.
Assuntos
Competência Clínica/normas , Dietética/normas , Cooperação do Paciente , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/normas , Adulto , Dietética/métodos , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
Classic stem cell biology approaches tailored specifically with lung biology in mind are needed to bring the field of lung stem cell biology up to speed with that in other tissues. The infrequent cellular turnover, the diversity of cell types, and the necessity of daily cell function in this organ must be considered in stem cell studies. Previous work has created a base from which to explore transplantation, label retention, and more sophisticated lineage-tracing schemes to identify and characterize stem cell populations in the normal lung. These approaches are also imperative for building on precedents set in other tissues in the exploration of the cancer stem cell hypothesis in lung cancers. Additionally, recent studies provide key leads to further explore the molecular mechanisms that regulate lung homeostasis. Here, we discuss strategies to advance the field of lung stem cell biology with an emphasis on developing new, lung-specific tools.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Pulmão/citologia , Células-Tronco Neoplásicas/patologia , Células-Tronco/citologia , Animais , Bleomicina/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Homeostase , Humanos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Lesão Pulmonar/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/genética , Camundongos , Modelos Biológicos , Naftalenos/toxicidade , Pneumonectomia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Células-Tronco/classificação , Células-Tronco/metabolismoRESUMO
The ceramo-metal restoration still forms the backbone of modern restorative dentistry, despite many new systems. This article discusses a unique ceramo-metal system, its advantages, and clinical and technical applications; teamwork between the dentist and the technician is emphasized. IPS Classic (Ivoclar Williams) is a ceramic system with several exclusive features. It encompasses Color Visions, a computer-generated shade system, and the IPS Impulse modifier system allows the ceramist unlimited creativity in color development.
Assuntos
Silicatos de Alumínio , Porcelana Dentária , Planejamento de Dentadura/métodos , Prótese Parcial Fixa , Ligas Metalo-Cerâmicas , Pigmentação em Prótese , Desenho Assistido por Computador , Estética Dentária , Humanos , Masculino , Maxila , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
The ceramo-metal restoration still forms the backbone of modern restorative dentistry, despite many new systems. This article discusses a unique ceramo-metal system, its advantages, and clinical and technical applications teamwork between the dentist and the technician is emphasized. IPS Classic (Ivoclar Williams) is a ceramic system with several exclusive features. It encompasses Color Visions, a computer-generated shade system, and the IPS Impulse modifier system allows the ceramist unlimited creativity in color development.