Shade-seeking behavior and grazing activity of Pantaneira and Girolando heifers.

This study aimed to model and compare the shade-seeking behavior and grazing activity of Pantaneira and Girolando heifers by time of day. Eight heifers were used, four Pantaneira and four Girolando (3/4 Holstein × 1/4 Gir). The animals were about 18 months old and weighed 328 ± 14 kg (Pantaneira) and 430 ± 28 kg (Girolando). Shade-seeking behavior and grazing activity were recorded during the summer from 06:00 to 18:00 h in 10-min intervals, totaling 288 observations for each breed. A binary regression model was developed by means of a Bayesian approach considering logit, probit, cloglog, and Cauchy link functions. The most parsimonious model was constructed using the Cauchy function. The variables varied according to the time of day. Heifers of both breeds were more likely to graze toward the end of the day, when ambient temperatures were lower. Girolando heifers were more likely to seek shade between 06:00 and 14:00 h. From 12:00 to 13:00, the probability of seeking shade between breeds differed 22 percentage points. Pantaneira heifers were more likely to graze from 06:00 to 13:00 h, and their probability of grazing at 11:00 h was 21 percentage points higher than that of Girolando heifers. The results suggest that Pantaneira heifers are more heat-tolerant.

Treatment with low doses of aspirin during chronic phase of experimental Chagas' disease increases oesophageal nitrergic neuronal subpopulation in mice.

Patients with Chagas' disease may develop dysfunctions of oesophageal and colonic motility resulting from the degeneration or loss of the myenteric neurons of the enteric nervous system. Studies have shown that the use of aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), influences the pathogenesis of the disease. However, this remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the consequences of treatment with low doses of aspirin during the chronic phase of Chagas' disease on oesophageal function. Twenty male Swiss mice, 60 days of age, were used. The animals were infected with Y strain of Trypanosoma cruzi, injected intraperitoneally. Aspirin was given at a dose of 50 mg/kg to some of the infected animals, from the 55th to 63rd day after inoculation on consecutive days, and from the 65th to 75th day on alternate days. We investigated food passage of time, wall structure and nitrergic neuronal population of the distal oesophagus. Our data revealed that the use of low doses of aspirin in chronic Chagas' disease caused an increase in the number of nitrergic neurons and partially prevented hypertrophy of the oesophagus. In addition, the aspirin administration impeded Chagas' diseases associated changes in intestinal transit time. Thus treatment with aspirin in the chronic phase of Chagas' disease changes the natural history of the disease and raises the possibility of using it as a new therapeutic approach to the treatment of this aspect of Chagas' disease pathology.

Dispersal and memory of sand flies in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, southern Brazil.

The dispersal of and the existence of memory in sand flies were measured in a transmission area of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in the municipality of Bandeirantes, Paraná, Brazil. Sand flies were caught in a rural area, with Shannon trap installed in the forest and three Falcão traps installed in a human-inhabited environment (HIE) and three others in an impacted environment presently uninhabited by humans (EUH), from 1800 to 0600 hours. The captured sand flies were marked with yellow, blue, or red fluorescent powder, according to the environments where they were captured. All marked sand flies were released at 0700 hours at a point between the three environments. The recaptures were made with 28 Falcão traps, distributed in the environments from for 10 consecutive days. The sand flies recaptured were examined under a stereomicroscope and later identified. It was concluded that sand flies are able to disperse over an average distance of 73 m, reaching 130 m in 24 h, showing that: 1) the sand flies were attracted with different intensities to each environment, and the ability to move among different environments allows the existence of enzootic cycle of Leishmania; 2) the sand flies possess a spatial memory, olfactory memory, or both, that enable them to return to the environment where they were captured initially, although the distances were different.

[Use of health services by residents at a seniors-only living facility]. / Utilização dos serviços de saúde por residentes em um condomínio exclusivo para idosos.

The objective of the study was to compare the use of medical and dental services by seniors residing at a seniors-only living facility and in the general community. It was a quantitative study, among 50 residents of the living facility and 173 in the general community. The data were collected between November 2011 and February 2012 through a questionnaire, and subjected to statistical analysis. Performance of clinical exams and satisfaction with health services was greater among seniors living in the general community; however, physical therapy treatment was more common among those living in the facility. The use of medical and dental services showed a statistically significant difference. The seniors in both groups need oral health monitoring and those living in the facility also require coverage by the Family Health Strategy. The presence of professionals with the right profile to adequately serve residents and the network of available services are determining factors for the success of this new housing policy.

Factors associated with demand for emergency medical services by people with hypertension and diabetes.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the association between recurrence of emergency service visits due to lack of blood pressure and/or glycemic control with sociodemographic variables and disease registration in Primary Care. METHODS: quantitative study, which consulted medical records of people who attended these services two or more times for 26 months. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models were used in analysis. RESULTS: most people did not have hypertension and/or diabetes record in their Primary Care records. The absence of this record was more frequent in males, aged between 18 and 59 years, with low education and lack of blood pressure. There was association between greater number of people seeking these services in the same year and not monitoring the chronic condition in specialized care. CONCLUSIONS: people who do not follow up hypertension and/or diabetes in Primary Care are more likely to need assistance due to blood pressure and/or glycemic management.

HIV/AIDS and the social determinants of health: a time series study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the time trend, spatial distribution, and the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases with social determinants of health. METHODS: Ecological and analytical study, carried out based on the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome notified in a state in the Brazilian Midwest, from 2009 to 2018. The study used descriptive analysis, polynomial regression, and geospatial analysis. RESULTS: In 10 years, there were 9,157 notifications, growing each year. There was a growing trend for both sexes (p<0.001, r2=0.94). The City Human Development Index was related to the higher number of cases (city of notification, p=0.01; and city where the person lives, p=0.02). The highest concentration was in cities that house health macro-regions. CONCLUSION: Social determinants have a relationship with the time trend and the spatial distribution of cases and can direct strategies for prevention and care.

Infections in patients with chronic renal failure and kidney transplant recipients in Brazil.

Patients with chronic renal failure who are undergoing dialysis and kidney transplant recipients are susceptible to infection for several reasons. In this study, the profile of infections in patients with chronic renal failure and kidney transplant recipients treated at a hospital in northern Paraná, Brazil, from 2007 to 2009 was examined. The study involved 187 patients: 59 kidney transplant recipients and 128 patients undergoing dialysis. The frequency of infection was 25% (32/128) in dialysis patients and 8% (5/59) in transplant recipients (P = .008). Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent infectious agent, cultured from 27% (13/48) of samples, followed by Escherichia coli at 17% (8/48). All isolates of S aureus were sensitive to vancomycin and resistant to penicillin, and 43% were resistant to oxacillin. Most S aureus samples (43%) were isolated from cultures of blood samples. As for the E coli, 75% were resistant to cephalothin and 38% were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. Most isolates of E coli (62%) were cultured from specimens of patients with suspected urinary tract infection.

Relationship between gestational risk and type of delivery in high risk pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between gestational risk factors and type of delivery in high-risk pregnancies. METHOD: A cross-sectional epidemiological study involving a retrospective analysis of secondary data from 4,293 medical records of high-risk pregnant women. The primary outcome was composed of risks associated with cesarean delivery and spontaneous abortion compared with normal delivery. RESULTS: There were 3,448 women analyzed in the study. The primary outcome rates were cesarean delivery (72.8%), spontaneous abortion (0.9%) versus vaginal delivery (26.2%). Common risk factors for cesarean delivery and spontaneous abortion were age ≥35 years (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.7 / OR = 11.5; 95% CI 4.2-31.0), evangelical religion (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.2-1.7 / OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.0-6.7), high blood pressure (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.8 / OR = 74.9; 95% CI 13.7-410.2) and twinning (OR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.9-5.0 / OR = 68.6, 95% CI 9.7-487.7). CONCLUSION: Identifying the relationship of gestational risks with the type of delivery and abortion can contribute to developing strategies and assist in planning actions in women's healthcare networks, developing specific and individualized lines of care for each gestational risk.

[Evaluation of sandfly control measures]. / Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos.

Collections of sandflies were made between May 2005 and April 2006. The results were compared with those from collections undertaken between April 2001 and September 2002, in order to evaluate the measures used to decrease the density of these insects in Recanto Marista, municipality of Doutor Camargo, State of Paraná. The collections were carried out by Falcão traps inside domiciles and hen sheds, from 10 p.m. to 2 a.m. once a week, four times a month. In 2005 and 2006, 213,195 sandflies were collected (average of 1,113.8 per hour), compared with 199,821 (average of 1,653.5 per hour) in 2001 and 2002. Nyssomyia neivai predominated (75.4%) in all the ecotopes. Nyssomyia neivai, Nyssomyia whitmani, Migonemyia migonei and Pintomyia fischeri accounted for 99.7% of all the sandflies collected. The ecotope of hencoops accounted for 88.7% of the sandflies collected. It was observed that the sandfly density had decreased between the 2001-2002 and 2005-2006 collections, especially in homes.

Tuberculosis mortality trend in the state of Paraná, Brazil - 1998-2012. / Tendência da mortalidade por tuberculose no estado do Paraná, Brasil ­ 1998 a 2012.

The objective was to analyze the trend in tuberculosis mortality in Paraná from 1998 to 2012, according to healthcare macro-region-al, gender and age. Ecological study of time series data with the system of the Unified System Mortality Information Health (SIM/SUS). Trend analysis of standardized mortality rates was performed by linear regression segmented identifying the points with the change trend. There were 847 deaths of residents in Paraná in the period. The trend was initially declining to state, with subsequent significant increase only for the macro-regional East. Mortality from tuberculosis showed growing trend for the age groups 20-39 years and 40-49 years and for males. The growing trend in tuberculosis mortality was observed from 2010 is a warning to managers honing the service at different levels of health care.

O objetivo foi analisar a tendência da mortalidade por tuberculose no Paraná, no período de 1998 a 2012, segundo macrorregionais de saúde, sexo e faixa etária. Estudo ecológico de séries temporais, com dados do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIM/SUS). A análise da tendência dos coeficientes de mortalidade padronizados foi realizada por meio de regressão linear segmentada com identificação dos pontos com modificação da tendência. Houve 847 mortes de residentes no Paraná, no período. Inicialmente, a tendência foi decrescente para o estado, com posterior incremento significativo apenas para a macrorregional Leste. A mortalidade por tuberculose apresentou tendência crescente para as faixas etárias de 20 a 39 anos e 40 a 49 anos, e para o sexo masculino. A tendência crescente da mortalidade por tuberculose, observada a partir de 2010, é um alerta para gestores aprimorarem o atendimento nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde.

Fatores associados a não adesão terapêutica em pessoas com hipertensão que procuraram assistência por emergência / Factors associated with therapeutic non-adherence among hypertensive individuals who seek emergency care / Factores asociados a la no adhesión a la terapia en personas hipertensas que buscan asistencia por emergencias

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar fatores associados à não adesão terapêutica em pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial que procuraram serviços de pronto atendimento por emergência e/ou complicação hipertensiva. Método: estudo transversal realizado entre dezembro de 2019 a outubro de 2020, com 238 pessoas residentes em um município de médio porte do Sul do Brasil, mediante aplicação da Escala de Adesão Terapêutica de Oito Itens de Morisky. Na análise se utilizou Regressão Logística Múltipla. Resultados: 86 (36,1%) participantes foram considerados não aderentes. Foi observada maior chance de não adesão em pessoas com menos de 60 anos (Odds Ratio=2,04), que buscaram assistência nos serviços de pronto atendimento nos três anos em estudo (Odds Ratio=5,08) e que tinham vínculo com profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (Odds Ratio=1,96). Conclusão: reconhecer os fatores associados com a não adesão à terapêutica possibilitará aos profissionais realizar intervenções educativas e assistir as pessoas com hipertensão de acordo com suas necessidades, prevenindo/postergando complicações.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze factors associated with therapeutic non-adherence among individuals with Arterial Hypertension who seek emergency care and/or assistance due to hypertensive complications. Method: this is a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2019 to October 2020 with 238 people living in a medium-sized municipality from southern Brazil using Morisky's 8-Item Medication Adherence Scale. Multiple Logistic Regression was used in the analysis. Results: a total of 86 (36.1%) participants were considered as non-adherent. A higher change of non-adherence was observed in people younger than 60 years of age (Odds Ratio=2.04), who sought emergency services in the three years under study (Odds Ratio=5.08), and who had a bond with Primary Health Care professionals (Odds Ratio=1.96). Conclusion: acknowledging the factors associated with non-adherence to the therapy will allow professionals to conduct educational interventions and assist people with hypertension according to their needs, thus preventing/postponing complications.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar factores asociados a la no adhesión a la terapia en personas con Hipertensión Arterial que asisten a servicios de urgencia por emergencias y/o complicaciones derivadas de la hipertensión. Método: estudio transversal realizado entre diciembre de 2019 y octubre de 2020 con 238 residentes en un municipio de mediano porte del sur de Brasil, utilizando la Escala de Adherencia Terapéutica de 8 ítems de Morisky. En el análisis se utilizó Regresión Logística Múltiple. Resultados: se consideró que 86 (36,1%) participantes no cumplían con la terapia. Se observó una mayor probabilidad de no adhesión en personas menores de 60 años (Odds Ratio=2,04), que buscaron asistencia en los servicios de urgencia en los tres años en estudio (Odds Ratio=5,08) y que tenían una relación con profesionales de Atención Primaria de la Salud (Odds Ratio=1,96). Conclusión: reconocer los factores asociados a la no adhesión a la terapia permitirá que los profesionales realicen intervenciones educativas y asistan a las personas con hipertensión arterial según sus necesidades, previniendo/posponiendo complicaciones.

Factors associated with demand for emergency medical services by people with hypertension and diabetes / Factores asociados a la demanda de servicios médicos de emergencia por parte de personas con hipertensión y diabetes / Fatores associados à procura de serviços médicos de emergência por pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the association between recurrence of emergency service visits due to lack of blood pressure and/or glycemic control with sociodemographic variables and disease registration in Primary Care. Methods: quantitative study, which consulted medical records of people who attended these services two or more times for 26 months. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models were used in analysis. Results: most people did not have hypertension and/or diabetes record in their Primary Care records. The absence of this record was more frequent in males, aged between 18 and 59 years, with low education and lack of blood pressure. There was association between greater number of people seeking these services in the same year and not monitoring the chronic condition in specialized care. Conclusions: people who do not follow up hypertension and/or diabetes in Primary Care are more likely to need assistance due to blood pressure and/or glycemic management.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la asociación entre la recurrencia de visitas a los servicios de emergencia por falta de control de la presión arterial y/o glucemia con variables sociodemográficas y registro de la enfermedad en Atención Primaria. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, que consultó las historias clínicas de las personas que acudieron a estos servicios dos o más veces en un período de 26 meses. En el análisis se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y modelos de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la mayoría de las personas no tenían registro de hipertensión y/o diabetes en sus registros de Atención Primaria. La ausencia de este registro fue más frecuente en el sexo masculino, con edad entre 18 y 59 años, con baja escolaridad y falta de presión arterial. Hubo asociación entre mayor número de personas que buscaban estos servicios en el mismo año y no seguimiento de la condición crónica en atención especializada. Conclusiones: las personas que no tienen seguimiento de hipertensión y/o diabetes en Atención Primaria tienen más probabilidad de necesitar asistencia por control de la presión arterial y/o glucemia.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a associação entre a recorrência de atendimentos nos serviços de emergência devido ao descontrole pressórico e/ou glicêmico com as variáveis sociodemográficas e cadastro da doença na Atenção Primária. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, que consultou prontuários de pessoas que compareceram duas ou mais vezes nesses serviços no período de 26 meses. Utilizaram-se estatística descritiva e modelos de regressão logística múltipla na análise. Resultados: a maioria das pessoas não possuía registro/cadastro de hipertensão e/ou diabetes no prontuário da Atenção Primária. A ausência desse cadastro foi mais frequente em pessoas do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 59 anos, baixa escolaridade e descontrole pressórico. Observou-se associação entre número maior de procura desses serviços em um mesmo ano e não acompanhamento da condição crônica na assistência especializada. Conclusões: pessoas que não fazem acompanhamento da hipertensão e/ou diabetes na Atenção Primária estão mais sujeitas a necessitar de assistência por descontrole pressórico e/ou glicêmico.

[Treatment of patients with American cutaneous leishmaniasis: health services evaluation in northwestern Paraná State, Brazil]. / Atendimento de pacientes com leishmaniose tegumentar americana: avaliação nos serviços de saúde de municípios do noroeste do Estado do Paraná, Brasil.

The current study focuses on outpatient treatment of patients (n = 229) with American cutaneous leishmaniasis from 2001 to 2004, before and after decentralization of treatment to the municipal level in northwestern Paraná State, Brazil. While the treatment was still centralized, clinical evaluation and medical records were more complete and detailed, treatment was initiated earlier, and follow-up of the outcome was evaluated in 95% of patients and 100% of cases that received two treatment cycles. Treatment also complied with the guidelines of the American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Control Manual. After decentralization, treatment was less rigorous: 32% of patients were treated with two cycles of N-methyl glucamine antimoniate without complying with the guidelines; 72.6% of patients received inadequate treatment; 84% of cases failed to received proper clinical follow-up. Lack of information on patient clinical records posed a serious obstacle to evaluation. The current study failed to identify any benefit in decentralizing treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis to the local level.

Fatores associados ao óbito por HIV/Aids / Factores asociados al fallecimiento por VIH/Sida / Factors associated with death due to HIV/AIDS

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os fatores associados ao óbito em pessoas com HIV/Aids. Método Estudo epidemiológico e analítico, realizado a partir das notificações de HIV/Aids do estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, no período de 2009 à 2018. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, análise de sobrevida via método de Kaplan-Meier e regressão de Cox. Resultados Foram analisadas 8.712 notificações, com taxa de sobrevida de 86% ao longo dos 10 anos. Os fatores associados ao óbito foram:sexo masculino (=1,22; p=0,006), cor da pele parda (=1,30; p=0,012), oito anos ou menos de estudo (=1,57; p=0,000), e possível transmissão sexual mediante relação com mulheres (=2,72; p=0,000) ou com ambos - homens e mulheres (=2,24; p=0,002) e utilização de drogas injetáveis (=2,57; p=0,016). Conclusão Características sociais, culturais e comportamentais podem contribuir para redução da sobrevida das pessoas com HIV/Aids. Esses fatores sinalizam especificidades a serem consideradas no planejamento assistencial e monitoramento dos casos, em especial no que concerne à necessidade de busca ativa, monitoramento contínuo, além de intervenções que envolvam mudanças de comportamento.

Resumen Objetivo Analizar los factores asociados al fallecimiento de personas con VIH/Sida. Método Estudio epidemiológico y analítico, realizado a partir de las notificaciones de VIH/Sida en el estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, en el período de 2009 a 2018. El análisis de los datos se realizó por medio de estadística descriptiva, análisis de sobrevida por el método de Kaplan-Meier y de regresión de Cox. Resultados Se analizaron 8.712 notificaciones, con un índice de sobrevida del 86 % a lo largo de los 10 años. Los factores asociados al fallecimiento fueron: sexo masculino (=1,22; p=0,006), color de piel parda (=1,30; p=0,012), ocho años o menos de estudio (=1,57; p=0,000), y posible transmisión sexual mediante relación con mujeres (=2,72; p=0,000) o con ambos, hombres y mujeres (=2,24; p=0,002), y uso de drogas inyectables (=2,57; p=0,016). Conclusión Características sociales, culturales y de comportamiento pueden contribuir para la reducción de la sobrevida de las personas con VIH/Sida. Esos factores señalan especificidades que se deben considerar en la planificación asistencial y en el monitoreo de los casos, en especial en lo que atañe a la necesidad de la búsqueda activa, el monitoreo continuo e intervenciones que incluyan cambios de comportamiento.

Abstract Objective To analyze the factors associated with death in people with HIV/AIDS. Method This is an epidemiological and analytical study, carried out from the HIV/AIDS notifications of the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, from 2009 to 2018. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox regression. Results A total of 8,712 notifications were analyzed, with a survival rate of 86% over the 10 years. Factors associated with death were: males (=1.22; p=0.006), brown skin color (=1.30; p=0.012), eight years or less of study (=1.57; p=0.000), and possible sexual transmission through intercourse with women (=2.72; p=0.000) or with both men and women (=2.24; p=0.002) and use of injectable drugs (=2.57; p=0.016). Conclusion Social, cultural and behavioral characteristics may contribute to reduce the survival of people with HIV/AIDS. These factors indicate specificities to be considered in care planning and monitoring of cases, especially with regard to the need for an active search, continuous monitoring, in addition to interventions that involve changes in behavior.

HIV/AIDS and the social determinants of health: a time series study / VIH/SIDA y los determinantes sociales de la salud: estudio de serie temporal / HIV/AIDS e os determinantes sociais da saúde: estudo de série temporal

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the time trend, spatial distribution, and the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome cases with social determinants of health. Methods: Ecological and analytical study, carried out based on the cases of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome notified in a state in the Brazilian Midwest, from 2009 to 2018. The study used descriptive analysis, polynomial regression, and geospatial analysis. Results: In 10 years, there were 9,157 notifications, growing each year. There was a growing trend for both sexes (p<0.001, r2=0.94). The City Human Development Index was related to the higher number of cases (city of notification, p=0.01; and city where the person lives, p=0.02). The highest concentration was in cities that house health macro-regions. Conclusion: Social determinants have a relationship with the time trend and the spatial distribution of cases and can direct strategies for prevention and care.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la tendencia temporal, distribución espacial y relación de los casos de virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida con los determinantes sociales de la salud. Métodos: Estudio ecológico, analítico, realizado basado en los casos de virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana/síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia adquirida notificados en un estado de la Región Centro-Oeste brasileña, en el período 2009-2018. Utilizado el análisis descriptivo, regresión polinomial y geoespacialización. Resultados: En diez años, fueron registradas 9.157 notificaciones, con aumento progresivo anual. La tendencia total presentada creciente en ambos los sexos (p<0,001, r2=0,94). El Índice de Desarrollo Humano Municipal estuvo relacionado al mayor número de casos (municipio de notificación, p=0,01; y municipio de residencia, p=0,02), y la mayor concentración ocurrió en las ciudades-sede de las macrorregionales de salud. Conclusión: Determinantes sociales presentan relación con la tendencia temporal y distribución espacial de los casos y pueden dirigir estrategias de prevención y cuidado.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a tendência temporal, a distribuição espacial e a relação dos casos de vírus da imunodeficiência humana/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida com os determinantes sociais da saúde. Métodos: Estudo ecológico, analítico, realizado com base nos casos de vírus da imunodeficiência humana/síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida notificados em um estado da Região Centro-Oeste brasileira, no período 2009-2018. Utilizou-se a análise descritiva, regressão polinomial e geoespacialização. Resultados: Em dez anos, foram registradas 9.157 notificações, com aumento progressivo anual. A tendência total apresentou-se crescente em ambos os sexos (p<0,001, r2=0,94). O Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal esteve relacionado ao maior número de casos (município de notificação, p=0,01; e município de residência, p=0,02), e a maior concentração ocorreu nas cidades-sede das macrorregionais de saúde. Conclusão: Determinantes sociais apresentam relação com a tendência temporal e distribuição espacial dos casos e podem direcionar estratégias de prevenção e cuidado.

[Evaluation of sandfly control in Lobato municipality, Paraná State, southern Brazil]. / Avaliação de medidas de controle de flebotomíneos no Município de Lobato, Estado do Paraná, Sul do Brasil.

Sandfly control measures were evaluated at the Da Barra Ranch, Lobato municipality, Paraná State, Brazil. The insects were captured with Falcão traps in houses, a cattle corral, and a forest area from July to November 1999 and from February to June 2000. In December 1999 and January 2000 the following measures were taken to decrease the sandfly density in peridomiciliary areas and domiciles: (i) screens were placed on windows of buildings (domiciles, dormitory, cafeteria); (ii) all organic material was cleaned from the peridomiciliary area; and (iii) buildings were sprayed for insects. There were more Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, P. monticola, and Brumptomyia brumpti specimens in the former period, while N. neivai, Migonemyia migonei, and N. pessoai predominated in the latter. In the initial period most of the sandflies were captured in the forest and in the latter period in the houses. The sandfly control measures did not reduce the sandfly population on the Da Barra Ranch, but they led to significant proportional changes in the insect fauna composition.

[Host feeding preferences of sandflies in rural area, Southern Brazil]. / Estudo dos hábitos alimentares de flebotomíneos em área rural no sul do Brasil.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the fauna and host feeding preferences of sandflies as for domestic animals in an endemic area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. METHODS: The sandflies collections were carried out from 8:00 pm to 12:00 am in an area 40 meters away from one of the residences in a farm in Southern Brazil, between January and April, 2004. Collection was performed using four Falcão light traps, placed 5 m apart from each other beside a cage, each one of them containing an animal bait (swine, dog, rabbit, and chicken). RESULTS: A total of 1,697 specimens of sandflies were collected as follows: Nyssomyia whitmani, Pintomyia fischeri, Migonemyia migonei, Nyssomyia neivai, Pintomyia pessoai and Psathromyia shannoni. The prevalent species was N. whitmani. There were no feeding preferences of sandflies as for the animals studied. CONCLUSIONS: N. whitmani and P. fischeri are opportunistic species and female insects probably adjust their eating habits to host availability, suggesting eating eclecticism of these insects in anthropic environments.

Utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência por complicações agudas da hipertensão e/ou diabetes / Uso de servicios de urgencia y emergencia para complicaciones agudas de hipertensión a y / o diabetes / Use of urgency and emergency services for acute hypertension and / or diabetes complications

RESUMO Objetivo analisar a utilização de serviços de urgência e emergência por indivíduos com complicações agudas de Hipertensão Arterial e/ou Diabetes Mellitus. Método estudo retrospectivo realizado nos três serviços públicos de pronto-atendimento em município do Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados mediante consulta aos prontuários eletrônicos das pessoas que compareceram duas ou mais vezes no período de janeiro de 2018 a fevereiro de 2020. Na análise foi utilizado Regressão Logística e georreferenciamento dos endereços residenciais. Resultados das 1.125 pessoas, 72,7% procuraram os serviços por Hipertensão; 18,1% por Diabetes; e 7,3%, por ambas as condições. A maioria não possuía a condição crônica registrada na Atenção Primária e residia próximo aos serviços de pronto-atendimento. Tiveram mais chances de três ou mais comparecimentos os usuários que procuraram concomitantemente as Unidades de Pronto atendimento do Hospital Universitário e as municipais, por ambas as condições, com menor escolaridade e sem companheiro. Conclusão e implicações para a prática informações sobre a utilização dos serviços de urgência e emergência e das pessoas que os procuram por complicações agudas da Hipertensão e/ou Diabetes podem subsidiar a formulação de políticas públicas e a proposição de estratégias mais efetivas na identificação, acompanhamento e busca ativa de pessoas com condições crônicas.

RESUMEN Objetivo analizar el uso de los servicios de urgencia y emergencia por personas con complicaciones agudas de Hipertensión Arterial y / o Diabetes Mellitus. Método estudio retrospectivo realizado en los tres servicios públicos de emergencia de un municipio del sur de Brasil. Los datos se recogieron consultando las historias clínicas electrónicas de las personas que acudieron dos o más veces entre enero de 2018 y febrero de 2020. En el análisis se utilizó la Regresión Logística y la georreferenciación de domicilios. Resultados de las 1125 personas, el 72,7% buscó servicios por hipertensión, el 18,1% por diabetes mellitus y el 7,3% por ambas condiciones. La mayoría no tenía la enfermedad crónica registrada en Atención Primaria y vivía cerca de los servicios de emergencia. Los usuarios que acudieron de forma concurrente a las Unidades Hospitalarias de Urgencias del Hospital Universitario y las municipales, por ambas condiciones, con menor escolaridad y sin pareja tenían más probabilidades de tener tres o más apariciones. Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica las informaciones sobre el uso de los servicios de urgencia y emergencia y las personas que los buscan por complicaciones agudas de Hipertensión Arterial y / o Diabetes Mellitus pueden apoyar la formulación de políticas públicas y la propuesta de estrategias más efectivas en la identificación, seguimiento y búsqueda activa de personas con enfermedades crónicas.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the use of urgency and emergency services by individuals with acute complications of Hypertension and/or Diabetes Mellitus. Method a retrospective study conducted in three public emergency care services in a city in southern Brazil. Data was collected by consulting the electronic medical records of people who attended two or more times during the period from January 2018 to February 2020. Logistic Regression and geo-referencing of residential addresses were used in the analysis. Results of the 1,125 people, 72.7% sought the services for hypertension; 18.1% for diabetes; and 7.3% for both conditions. Most did not have the chronic condition registered in Primary Care and lived near the emergency services. Users who sought the Emergency Care Units of the University Hospital and the municipal ones concomitantly, for both conditions, with less education, and without a partner had a greater chance of three or more attendances. Conclusion and implications for practice information on the use of urgency and emergency services and of people who seek them for acute complications of Hypertension and/or Diabetes can subsidize the formulation of public policies and the proposition of more effective strategies in the identification, follow-up and active search for people with chronic conditions.

Relationship between gestational risk and type of delivery in high risk pregnancy / Relación entre riesgo gestacional y tipo de parto en el embarazo de alto riesgo / Relação entre risco gestacional e tipo de parto na gravidez de alto risco

Abstract Objective: To analyze the association between gestational risk factors and type of delivery in high-risk pregnancies. Method: A cross-sectional epidemiological study involving a retrospective analysis of secondary data from 4,293 medical records of high-risk pregnant women. The primary outcome was composed of risks associated with cesarean delivery and spontaneous abortion compared with normal delivery. Results: There were 3,448 women analyzed in the study. The primary outcome rates were cesarean delivery (72.8%), spontaneous abortion (0.9%) versus vaginal delivery (26.2%). Common risk factors for cesarean delivery and spontaneous abortion were age ≥35 years (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.7 / OR = 11.5; 95% CI 4.2-31.0), evangelical religion (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.2-1.7 / OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.0-6.7), high blood pressure (OR = 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.8 / OR = 74.9; 95% CI 13.7-410.2) and twinning (OR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.9-5.0 / OR = 68.6, 95% CI 9.7-487.7). Conclusion: Identifying the relationship of gestational risks with the type of delivery and abortion can contribute to developing strategies and assist in planning actions in women's healthcare networks, developing specific and individualized lines of care for each gestational risk.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar la relación entre factores de riesgo gestacional y tipo de parto en el embarazo de alto riesgo. Método: Estudio epidemiológico transversal abarcando análisis retrospectivo de datos secundarios de 4.293 fichas de gestantes de alto riesgo. El desenlace primario estuvo compuesto de riesgos asociados con el parto cesárea y con el aborto espontáneo comparados con el parto natural. Resultados: Formaron parte del análisis 3.448 mujeres. Los índices del desenlace primario fueron parto cesárea (72,8%), aborto espontáneo (0,9%) versus parto vaginal (26,2%). Fueron identificados como factores de riesgo en común para parto cesárea y el aborto espontáneo, respectivamente, la edad ≥35 años (OR=1,4; IC95% 1,1-1,7/OR=11,5; IC95% 4,2-31,0), religión evangélica (OR=1,4; IC95% 1,2-1,7/OR=2,6; IC95% 1,0-6,7), hipertensión arterial (OR=1,4; IC95% 1,1-1,8/OR=74,9; IC95% 13,7-410,2) y gemelaridad (OR=3,1; IC95% 1,9-5,0/OR=68,6; IC95% 9,7-487,7). Conclusión: La identificación de la relación de los riesgos gestacionales con el tipo de parto y aborto pueden contribuir al desarrollo de estrategias y auxiliar la planificación de acciones en las redes de atención a la salud de la mujer, desarrollando líneas de cuidados específicos e individualizados para cada riesgo gestacional.

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre fatores de risco gestacional e tipo de parto na gravidez de alto risco. Método: Estudo epidemiológico transversal envolvendo a análise retrospectiva de dados secundários de 4.293 prontuários de gestantes de alto risco. O desfecho primário foi composto de riscos associados ao parto cesárea e ao aborto espontâneo comparados com o parto normal. Resultados: Fizeram parte da análise 3.448 mulheres. As taxas do desfecho primário foram parto cesárea (72,8%), aborto espontâneo (0,9%) versus parto vaginal (26,2%). Foram identificados como fatores de risco em comum para parto cesárea e o aborto espontâneo, respectivamente, a idade ≥35 anos (OR=1,4; IC95% 1,1-1,7/OR=11,5; IC95% 4,2-31,0), religião evangélica (OR=1,4; IC95% 1,2-1,7/OR=2,6; IC95% 1,0-6,7), hipertensão arterial (OR=1,4; IC95% 1,1-1,8/OR=74,9; IC95% 13,7-410,2) e gemelaridade (OR=3,1; IC95% 1,9-5,0/OR=68,6; IC95% 9,7-487,7). Conclusão: A identificação da relação dos riscos gestacionais com o tipo de parto e aborto podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de estratégias e auxiliar no planejamento de ações nas redes de atenção à saúde da mulher, desenvolvendo linhas de cuidados específicos e individualizados para cada risco gestacional.

Welcoming with risk classification in teaching hospitals: assessment of structure, process and result.

OBJECTIVE: To assess, from the worker's viewpoint, the structure, the process and the results of the Emergency Hospital Services that have taken up the guideline of "Welcoming with Risk Classification" in two teaching hospitals of the state of Paraná. METHOD: Quantitative and descriptive research, exploratory and prospective, using random sampling stratified by professional category, comprising a universe of 216 professional people. RESULTS: They found some points of agreement regarding the promotion of a welcoming and humane environment; privacy and security; welcome and shelter of the companion and also the sheltering and classification of all patients; however, there was disagreement about the comfort of the environment, reference system and counter-reference, prioritisation of seriously ill patients in post-classification service, communication between the members of the multi-professional team and reassessment of the guideline. CONCLUSION: The workers assess the development of the guideline as being precarious, due mainly to the lack of physical structure, due to the lack of physical structure and shortcomings in the service process.