The effect of green cardamom on blood pressure and inflammatory markers among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Research shows that herbal spices, including seeds of Elettaria cardamomum, may exert beneficial effects on unhealthy metabolic status. This study is a systematic review of the effect of green cardamom in patients with metabolic syndrome and its related disorders. PubMed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify the relevant randomized clinical trials. The data were pooled using the random-effects model, and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as summary effect size. Of 625 clinical trials, eight reports with 595 patients (299 in intervention group and 296 in control group) were included. The findings indicated that green cardamom significantly decreased diastolic blood pressure (WMD: -0.91 mmHg, 95%CI; -1.19, -0.62), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (WMD: -1.21 mg/L, 95%CI; -2.18, -0.24), interleukin 6 levels (WMD: -2.41 ng/L, 95%CI; -4.35, -0.47). However, cardamom supplementation did not significantly affect systolic blood pressure. This meta-analysis demonstrated that green cardamom could improve blood pressure control and exert antiinflammatory effects which could help patients with unhealthy metabolic profile better manage their health. Importantly, there were few eligible randomized trials with quite a low number of participants. Further prospective studies on larger sample sizes and longer duration of supplementation are warranted for its widespread use.

The effects of chicory supplementation on liver enzymes and lipid profiles in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical evidence.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The beneficial effects of Cichorium intybus L., chicory, in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are controversial. This review aimed to systematically summarize the evidence on the effects of chicory on liver function and lipid profile in patients with NAFLD. METHODS: Online databases of Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and grey literature were searched for relevant randomized clinical trials. Weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as effect sizes and a random-effects model was used to pool the data. Besides, sensitivity analyses and publication bias analysis were performed. RESULTS: In total, five articles containing 197 patients with NAFLD were included. The study showed that chicory significantly decreased the levels of both aspartate transaminase (WMD: -7.07 U/L, 95%CI: -13.82 to -0.32) and alanine transaminase (WMD: -17.53 U/L, 95%CI: -32.64 to -2.42). However, no significant effects on alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase levels and the components of the lipid profile were observed with the use of chicory. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis showed that chicory supplementation may exert potential hepatoprotective effects in patients with NAFLD. However, for widespread recommendations, more studies with a higher number of patients and longer periods of intervention are mandatory.

Effect of different dosages of nitroglycerin infusion on arterial blood gas tensions in patients undergoing on- pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: On-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery impairs gas exchange in the early postoperative period. The main object on this study was evaluation of changes in arterial blood gas values in patients underwent on pump CABG surgery receiving different dose of intravenous nitroglycerin (NTG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: sixty-seven consecutive patients undergoing elective on-pump CABG randomly enrolled into three groups receiving NTG 50 µg/min (Group N1, n =67), 100 µg/min (Group N2, n = 67), and 150 µg/min (Group N3, n = 67). Arterial blood gas (ABG) tensions were evaluated just before induction of anesthesia, during anesthesia, at the end of warming up period, and 6 h after admission to the intensive care unit. RESULTS: Pao2 and PH had the highest value during surgery in Group N1, Group N2, and Group N3. No significant difference was noted in mean values of Pao2 and PH during surgery between three groups (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in HCO3 values in different time intervals among three groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: our results showed that infusing three different dosage of NTG (50, 100, and 150 µg/min) had no significant effect on ABG tensions in patients underwent on-pump CABG surgery.

Total Diet Score as a valid method of measuring diet quality among older adults.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the accuracy of a diet quality measurement tool, the Total Diet Score (TDS) using two validation methods; firstly the TDS calculated from a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was compared to the TDS calculated from weighed food records (WFRs); secondly the TDS was compared to a number of dietary biomarkers. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: Data were collected from a population based cohort study located in the Blue Mountains region of Sydney, Australia. To compare dietary assessment tools, a sub sample of 75 subjects (aged 63 to 83 years) completed the FFQ and three, four-day WFRs at baseline. Fasting blood samples were collected from 2897 subjects at the first follow up in 1997-1999. TDS scores were calculated from both WFRs and FFQs. Methods to compare FFQ TDS scores to WFR TDS scores included paired t-tests, Pearson correlations, Bland-Altman plots, joint classification quartiles and weighted kappa scores. Linear regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between TDS and biomarkers. RESULTS: No significant mean difference was found between FFQ TDS and WFRs TDS (p=0.63) with a significant positive correlation seen between the two methods (r=0.75, p<0001). The Bland-Altman method found no linear trend between the differences and means of TDS scores between the FFQ and WFR (p=0.38). A significant trend for higher serum vitamin B-12, serum folate, homocysteine and lower total cholesterol was found with increasing TDS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the TDS is a useful tool for assessing diet quality in an older population.

The Outcomes of Superior Cavopulmonary Connection Operation: a Single Center Experience.

INTRODUCTION: The superior cavopulmonary connection operation is one of the stages of the palliative surgical management for patients with functionally single ventricle. After surviving this stage, the patients are potential candidates for the final palliative procedure: the Fontan operation. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of superior cavopulmonary connection operations in our center and to identify factors affecting the survival and the progression to Fontan stage. METHODS: The outcomes of 161 patients were retrospectively analyzed after undergoing superior cavopulmonary connection operation in our center between 2005 and 2015. RESULTS: The early mortality rate was 2.5%. Five (3.1%) patients underwent takedown of the superior cavopulmonary connection. The rate of exclusion from the Fontan stage was 8.3%. Statistical analysis revealed that elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure preoperatively and the prior palliation with pulmonary artery banding were risk factors for both early mortality and takedown; however, the age, the morphology of the single ventricle and the type of operation were not considered risk factors. CONCLUSION: The superior cavopulmonary connection operation can be performed with low rate mortality and morbidity; however, the elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure preoperatively and the prior pulmonary artery banding are associated with poor outcomes.

Arterial homograft and medical therapy in pseudoaneurysm of infrarenal aorta concomitant with recurrent right ventricular thrombus in Behcet's disease.

Pseudoaneurysm of the infrarenal aorta due to Behcet s disease is very rare. We report a case of pseudoaneurysm associated with Behcet s disease in a 17-year-old boy with a recurrent right ventricular thrombus successfully treated with revascularization using arterial homograft patch. Echocardiography examination revealed a right ventricular mass, thought to be a thrombus in an unusual location. Postoperatively, the findings of the pathologic examination confirmed the mass as a thrombus. When the patient was subsequently re-admitted to the emergency unit with complaints of severe abdominal pain, fever, fatigue, sinus tachycardia, and a pulsating and tender abdominal mass, a right ventricular thrombus and a large pseudoaneurysm of the abdominal aorta were found on echocardiography and angiography. The patient underwent resection of the aortic aneurysm and aortoplasty, using arterial homograft patch, and received immunosuppressive and anticoagulation therapy. The thrombus of the right ventricle disappeared 4 months later. This case indicates that a right ventricular thrombosis in Behcet s disease may be managed by medical therapy.

Histopathological and bacterial study of skin and gill of grass carp, Ceteopharyngodon idella, (Valenciennes 1844) exposed to copper sulfate and potassium permanganate.

The gill histology and bacterial load of skin of the grass carp juveniles were investigated in relation to various concentrations of copper sulfate and potassium permanganate. For this purpose, the sublethal doses were determined after a pre-test and then the experiment was done in five treatments (for copper sulfate: 1, 1.94, 3.71, 7.07 and 15 mg/l and for potassium permanganate: 0.25, 0.52, 1.91, 2.27 and 5 mg/l) with three replicates inside the glass aquaria. Also, one group without disinfecting product was considered as control for each experiment. The microbial and histopathological investigations were done after 96 h exposure. According to results, the lowest bacterial load (CFU/g) of skin was observed in 15 mg/l copper sulfate treatment and 0.25 mg/l potassium permanganate treatment (P < 0.05). Also, the histological investigation showed a range of histopathological alternations in gills tissue including lamellar necrosis, hyperplasia, lamellar adhesion, haemorrhage, clubbing of gill lamellae. The severity of these alternations increased with increasing of the doses of the copper sulfate and potassium permanganate. In this regard, the highest histological damages were observed in 15 mg/l copper sulfate and 5 mg/l potassium permanganate respectively. Our results showed that low dosage of potassium permanganate has best effect on reducing of bacterial load of skin with lowest adverse effects on gill tissue.

Mid-Term Patency in Radial Artery and Saphenous Vein After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting in Asymptomatic Patients Using 128-Slice CT Coronary Angiography.

BACKGROUND: Patency of the revascularization conduit is an essential predictor of long-standing survival after coronary artery bypass grafting. OBJECTIVES: We have conducted this study to compare the mid-term patency rates of radial artery (RA), left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and also saphenous vein (SV) grafts in asymptomatic patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG) undergoing total IV anesthesia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In this study, 30 three-vessel disease patients with 104 RA, LITA, and SV grafts used concomitantly for primary isolated non-emergent CABG surgery were assessed. The primary end point was CT angiographic graft patency rate. After 53.5 (24-97) months' follow-up, graft patency was assessed using 128-slice CT coronary angiography. Logistic regression analysis was used to detect the independent predictors of graft failure. RESULTS: A total of 104 grafts, including 30 LITA, 44 SV, and 30 RA grafts, were studied. Cumulative graft patency rates were 93.3% in LITA, 83.3% in RA, and 70.5% in SV grafts. Statistically significant difference was found between the LITA and the SV graft patency rates (P = 0.019), whereas the difference between the RA conduit patency and the LITA or SV graft patency rates did not have any statistical significance (P = 0.424 and P = 0.273, respectively). Independent predictors of RA grafts occlusion were native coronary stenosis < 70% and female gender. CONCLUSIONS: In our patients, the RA grafts had an acceptable patency rate in 2 to 5 years' follow-up. Although the SV grafts had a relatively higher patency rate than RA grafts in our asymptomatic patients, the patency rates in RA and SV grafts were close to each other. The RA graft function was poor in the patients with a higher number of risk factors and in the females.

The outcomes of superior cavopulmonary connection operation: a single center experience

Abstract Introduction: The superior cavopulmonary connection operation is one of the stages of the palliative surgical management for patients with functionally single ventricle. After surviving this stage, the patients are potential candidates for the final palliative procedure: the Fontan operation. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the outcomes of superior cavopulmonary connection operations in our center and to identify factors affecting the survival and the progression to Fontan stage. Methods: The outcomes of 161 patients were retrospectively analyzed after undergoing superior cavopulmonary connection operation in our center between 2005 and 2015. Results: The early mortality rate was 2.5%. Five (3.1%) patients underwent takedown of the superior cavopulmonary connection. The rate of exclusion from the Fontan stage was 8.3%. Statistical analysis revealed that elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure preoperatively and the prior palliation with pulmonary artery banding were risk factors for both early mortality and takedown; however, the age, the morphology of the single ventricle and the type of operation were not considered risk factors. Conclusion: The superior cavopulmonary connection operation can be performed with low rate mortality and morbidity; however, the elevated mean pulmonary artery pressure preoperatively and the prior pulmonary artery banding are associated with poor outcomes.

Comparison between drainage and curettage in the treatment of acute pilonidal abscess.

OBJECTIVE: Simple incision and drainage of a sacrococcygeal pilonidal abscess is associated with more than 40% recurrence. Definitive treatment of the chronic pilonidal sinus is recommended 4-8 weeks after incision and drainage. The present prospective clinical trial study was designed to compare the curettage and drainage of the acute abscess of the pilonidal sinus. Hospital stay, wound healing, and recurrence were noted. METHODS: This study was performed in Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Iran from March 1999 to May 2004. One hundred and fifty patients who had an acute sacrococcygeal pilonidal abscess were randomly assigned to receive one of 2 drainage or curettage surgical procedures. All the surgical wounds were laid open, and daily sitting in a warm tub together with douche was recommended postoperatively. The 2 treatment modalities were compared in terms of the wound healing period, hospital stay, and postoperative complications using Chi-square and Student-t test. Patients with completed wound repair, consisting of 72 subjects in the curettage and 59 subjects in the drainage groups, were followed up to 65 months for the detection of recurrence by means of life table and Gehan s generalized Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: Most patients spent only one day in the hospital, with initial healing occurring in <2 months. Healing process in the curettage cases occurred more quickly than the drainage patients (96% versus 78.7%, p<0.001). In all cases, the treatment relieved symptoms, and all the patients returned to work 7-10 days after the treatment. Three patients in the curettage group (4%) and 16 patients in the drainage group (21.3%) did not complete wound healing within 10 weeks (p<0.001). Recurrence of disease was encountered significantly less in the curettage subjects than the drainage ones (11% versus 42%) (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Unroofing and curettage, which is associated with higher rates of healing and lower rates of recurrence, may be the treatment of choice in the acute pilonidal abscess.