Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 119
Filtrar
Mais filtros

Base de dados
País/Região como assunto
Tipo de documento
Intervalo de ano de publicação
1.
Childs Nerv Syst ; 40(8): 2301-2310, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38642113

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Texture analysis extracts many quantitative image features, offering a valuable, cost-effective, and non-invasive approach for individual medicine. Furthermore, multimodal machine learning could have a large impact for precision medicine, as texture biomarkers can underlie tissue microstructure. This study aims to investigate imaging-based biomarkers of radio-induced neurotoxicity in pediatric patients with metastatic medulloblastoma, using radiomic and dosiomic analysis. METHODS: This single-center study retrospectively enrolled children diagnosed with metastatic medulloblastoma (MB) and treated with hyperfractionated craniospinal irradiation (CSI). Histological confirmation of medulloblastoma and baseline follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were mandatory. Treatment involved helical tomotherapy (HT) delivering a dose of 39 Gray (Gy) to brain and spinal axis and a posterior fossa boost up to 60 Gy. Clinical outcomes, such as local and distant brain control and neurotoxicity, were recorded. Radiomic and dosiomic features were extracted from tumor regions on T1, T2, FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion recovery) MRI-maps, and radiotherapy dose distribution. Different machine learning feature selection and reduction approaches were performed for supervised and unsupervised clustering. RESULTS: Forty-eight metastatic medulloblastoma patients (29 males and 19 females) with a mean age of 12 ± 6 years were enrolled. For each patient, 332 features were extracted. Greater level of abstraction of input data by combining selection of most performing features and dimensionality reduction returns the best performance. The resulting one-component radiomic signature yielded an accuracy of 0.73 with sensitivity, specificity, and precision of 0.83, 0.64, and 0.68, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Machine learning radiomic-dosiomic approach effectively stratified pediatric medulloblastoma patients who experienced radio-induced neurotoxicity. Strategy needs further validation in external dataset for its potential clinical use in ab initio management paradigms of medulloblastoma.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Cerebelares , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Meduloblastoma , Humanos , Meduloblastoma/radioterapia , Meduloblastoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Criança , Feminino , Masculino , Neoplasias Cerebelares/radioterapia , Neoplasias Cerebelares/diagnóstico por imagem , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adolescente , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Pré-Escolar , Radiação Cranioespinal/métodos , Radiação Cranioespinal/efeitos adversos , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/etiologia , Síndromes Neurotóxicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Aprendizado de Máquina , Análise por Conglomerados , Radiômica
2.
Childs Nerv Syst ; 39(9): 2493-2497, 2023 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37526681

RESUMO

PURPOSE: During the last decade, there has been renewed interest in stereotactic approaches to diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) in children, due to the development of new concepts in molecular biology and management, and subsequent need for tissue sampling. Stereotactic frame-based and robot-assisted techniques are associated with reduced target error and have been incorporated into standard practice at our institution. METHODS: Four children (age 2-7 years) underwent a robot-assisted frame-based transcerebellar approach using the Leksell G frame coupled with Renishaw's neuromate® stereotactic robot. The procedures included 3 biopsies (two brainstem tumors and one cerebellar hemispheric lesion) and 1 depth electrode implantation into a low-grade tumor remnant (ganglioglioma) of the middle cerebellar peduncle causing drug-resistant epilepsy in a young girl. Targeting was based on MRI, and in one case, 18F-FET-PET was coregistered to MRI to improve sampling accuracy. The frame was applied 180° rotated compared to standard orientation, and patients were positioned prone during surgery and stereotactic preoperative CT scan. Postoperative CT scan ruled out complications and was coregistered to preoperative MRI to check the target accuracy. RESULTS: No complications occurred, and targeting was accurate in all cases. All tissue samplings provided proper histology; depth electrode EEG exploration was diagnostic and led subsequent resective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: According to our experience, the transcerebellar frame-based robotic stereotactic approach to the cerebellum and the brainstem is feasible, safe, and effective even in young children.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico , Robótica , Feminino , Humanos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Técnicas Estereotáxicas , Biópsia/métodos , Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/patologia
3.
Clin Neuropathol ; 41(1): 25-34, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34622774

RESUMO

Our purpose was to investigate the incidence of gliomas and neuronal-glial tumors, their outcome, and H3.3K27M, BRAFV600E, and IDH status in children within 1 year of age affected by CNS tumor. We collected 28 consecutive gliomas and mixed tumors. Immunohistochemistry and/or molecular analyses were performed on formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded specimens. 24 (86%) tumors were supratentorial. 15 (54%) tumors were astrocytomas (5 glioblastomas, 1 anaplastic astrocytoma, 1 pilocytic astrocytoma, 3 pilomixoid astrocytomas, 2 subependymal giant cell astrocytomas, 3 astrocytomas not otherwise specified (NOS)), 4 (14%) were anaplastic ependymomas, and 9 (32%) were mixed tumors (5 gangliogliomas, 2 gangliocytomas, 2 desmoplastic infantile gangliogliomas (DIGs)). Alive patients were: 4 (67%) affected by high-grade astrocytoma (mean follow-up 64 months), 4 (67%) affected by low-grade astrocytoma (mean follow-up 83 months), 2 (67%) affected by astrocytoma NOS (mean follow-up 60 months), 1 (25%) affected by anaplastic ependymoma (follow-up 12 months), and 9 (100%) affected by mixed tumors (mean follow-up 74 months). H3.3K27M and IDH were not-mutated in any tumor (100%). BRAFV600E mutation was documented in 6 (21%) tumors (4 gangliogliomas, 1 gangliocytoma, and 1 astrocytoma NOS resulted as anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma 8 years later). Gliomas and mixed tumors diagnosed within 1 year of age are morphologically heterogeneous. Moreover, analogously to those affecting older children, they are IDH1-2 and H3.3K27M (when located outside midline) not-mutated while BRAFV600E mutation is typical of gangliogliomas/gangliocytomas and pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas. High-grade astrocytomas have a more favorable prognosis compared with the same lesions occurring later in life while ependymomas have a poorer outcome.


Assuntos
Astrocitoma , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Ganglioglioma , Glioblastoma , Glioma , Adolescente , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico , Astrocitoma/genética , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/genética , Criança , Ganglioglioma/diagnóstico , Ganglioglioma/genética , Glioma/diagnóstico , Glioma/genética , Humanos
4.
Radiol Med ; 127(10): 1134-1141, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35951279

RESUMO

BACKGROUND:  Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (PXA) is a rare low-grade brain tumor. To date, limited studies have analyzed factors affecting survival outcomes and defined the therapeutic strategy. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to investigate the clinicopathologic characteristics of PXA and identify factors associated with outcomes. METHODS:  We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 16 adult and children patients with PXA who underwent primary resection from 1997 to 2019, referred to our Radiation Oncology Unit and to Meyer's Paediatric Hospital. We also reviewed the relevant literature. RESULTS:  All patients underwent primary surgical resection; 10 patients received adjuvant radiation treatment course, ranging from DTF 54 to 64 Gy; 8 of them received, in addition, concurrent adjuvant chemotherapy; 6 patients underwent only radiological follow-up. After a median follow up was 60 months: median OS was 34.9 months (95% CI 30-218), 1-year OS 87%, 5-years OS 50%, 10-years OS 50%; median PFS 24.4 months (95% CI 13-156), 1-year PFS 80%, 5-years PFS 33%, 10-years PFS 33%. A chi-square test showed a significant association between OS and recurrent disease (p = 0.002) and with chemotherapy adjuvant treatment (p = 0.049). A borderline statistical significant association was instead recognized with BRAF mutation (p = 0.058). CONCLUSIONS: Despite our analysis did not reveal a strong prognostic or predictive factor able to address pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma management; however, in selected patients could be considered the addition of adjuvant radiation chemotherapy treatment after adequate neurosurgical primary resection. Furthermore, recurrent disease evidenced a detrimental impact on survival.


Assuntos
Astrocitoma , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Adulto , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Astrocitoma/genética , Astrocitoma/terapia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Criança , Seguimentos , Humanos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos
5.
Pediatr Blood Cancer ; 68(5): e28919, 2021 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33682333

RESUMO

Meningiomas are an extremely rare histology among pediatric brain tumors, and there is a shortage of literature on their management. Proton therapy is currently used safely and effectively for many types of both pediatric and adult cancer, and its main advantage is the sparing of healthy tissues from radiation, which could translate in the reduction of late side effects. We review the literature on radiotherapy and proton therapy for pediatric meningiomas and report clinical outcomes for two aggressive pediatric meningiomas we treated with protons. Proton therapy might be a safe and effective therapeutic option for this rare subgroup of tumors.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Meníngeas/radioterapia , Meningioma/radioterapia , Terapia com Prótons/métodos , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Neoplasias Meníngeas/patologia , Meningioma/patologia
6.
Ann Diagn Pathol ; 54: 151774, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34182416

RESUMO

Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors (DNT) is a benign (World Health Organisation, WHO, grade I) glioneuronal tumor and it represent one of the most frequent neoplasm in patient affected by seizures. The epileptic neuronal activity can be determined by abnormal synchronization, excessive glutamate excitation and\or inadequate GABA inhibition. Increasing evidence suggests that the astrocytes might be involved in this process even if neurons play a relevant role. In particular astrocytes promote the clearance of glutamate, a potent excitatory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system. Indeed, elevated concentrations of extracellular glutamate may determine iper-excitability and seizures as well as other neurological disorders. So, astrocytes, converting glutamate into glutamine via the enzyme glutamine synthetase (GS), could play a protective anti-seizures role. In the present study, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of GS in 20 DNTs specimens documenting a constant immunoistochemical expression of GS in astrocytes of the lesional tissue and of the cerebral cortex.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Glioma/metabolismo , Glutamato-Amônia Ligase/metabolismo , Neoplasias Neuroepiteliomatosas/metabolismo , Adolescente , Astrócitos/metabolismo , Astrócitos/patologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica/métodos , Masculino , Neoplasias Neuroepiteliomatosas/patologia , Neurônios/patologia , Adulto Jovem
7.
Int J Mol Sci ; 22(24)2021 Dec 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34948224

RESUMO

Glioblastoma (GBM) represents the most common and malignant tumor of the Central Nervous System (CNS), affecting both children and adults. GBM is one of the deadliest tumor types and it shows a strong multidrug resistance (MDR) and an immunosuppressive microenvironment which remain a great challenge to therapy. Due to the high recurrence of GBM after treatment, the understanding of the chemoresistance phenomenon and how to stimulate the antitumor immune response in this pathology is crucial. The deregulation of the Hippo pathway is involved in tumor genesis, chemoresistance and immunosuppressive nature of GBM. This pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway with a kinase cascade core, which controls the translocation of YAP (Yes-Associated Protein)/TAZ (Transcriptional Co-activator with PDZ-binding Motif) into the nucleus, leading to regulation of organ size and growth. With this review, we want to highlight how chemoresistance and tumor immunosuppression work in GBM and how the Hippo pathway has a key role in them. We linger on the role of the Hippo pathway evaluating the effect of its de-regulation among different human cancers. Moreover, we consider how different pathways are cross-linked with the Hippo signaling in GBM genesis and the hypothetical mechanisms responsible for the Hippo pathway activation in GBM. Furthermore, we describe various drugs targeting the Hippo pathway. In conclusion, all the evidence described largely support a strong involvement of the Hippo pathway in gliomas progression, in the activation of chemoresistance mechanisms and in the development of an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Therefore, this pathway is a promising target for the treatment of high grade gliomas and in particular of GBM.


Assuntos
Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Glioblastoma , Via de Sinalização Hippo/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Glioblastoma/genética , Glioblastoma/metabolismo , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo
8.
J Clin Apher ; 35(5): 406-412, 2020 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32710805

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: PBSC collection using a blood cell separator in very low weight patients can be frequently complicated by severe adverse effects and technical difficulties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From March 2013 to January 2017, 14 PBSC collections were performed in 12 children weighing less than 10 kg, affected by different solid tumours. PBSC collection was performed with a "homemade" aseptically assembled circuit. The circuit is composed by a 150 mL collection bag connected with a 4 stopcock ramp, perfused with ACD. This circuit allows collection of a specific total blood amount from CVC, depending on CD34+ /kg target. RESULTS: Mean CD34+ cell performance per collection was 9.3 × 106 /kg. Tolerance to the procedure was very good as none of the patients experienced complications, with the exception of a patient who showed mild cyanosis and pallor after collection. Moreover, no bleeding or thrombotic complications have been observed. To date, 16 PBSC reinfusions have been performed in 7 children with a mean CD34+ cells viability of 98.1% ± 2.7 and mean WBC viability of 57% ± 10. Cell recovery after thawing was 87% ± 10.8. A rapid graft intake for both neutrophils and platelets, between day 7 and 20 after reinfusion was observed. DISCUSSION: The procedure of total blood collection without the use of a cell separator is feasible and allows a good PBSC collection without significant side effects in very low-weight children. Moreover, this method could represent a valid and safe alternative to leukapheresis in patients where classic procedure could be difficult to apply.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucaférese/métodos , Peso Corporal , Feminino , Mobilização de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino
9.
Childs Nerv Syst ; 36(5): 951-960, 2020 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31853898

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Subependymal giant cell astrocytomas (SEGA) are benign tumors characteristic of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) that may cause hydrocephalus. Various treatments are nowadays available as mTOR inhibitors or surgery. Surgery is still a valid option especially for symptomatic and larger tumors. METHODS: From January 1994 to December 2015, 31 TSC patients harboring SEGA underwent surgery at the Department of Neurosurgery of the Meyer Pediatric Hospital, Florence. Indications for surgery were tumor size and location, growth and cystization/hemorrhage, and hydrocephalus. Clinical data, preoperative and postoperative MRI, recurrence rate, further surgical procedures, and related complications were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 44 surgeries were performed in 31 TSC patients affected by SEGA, achieving gross total removal (GTR) and subtotal removal (STR), respectively, in 36 and 8 patients. Recurrences occurred in 11 patients; 9 of them underwent further surgical procedures and 2 were treated with mTOR pathway inhibitors. Surgical morbidity and mortality were, respectively, 22.7% and 2.3%. After a mean follow-up of 4.9 years, 90% of patients were tumor-free with good neurological status in 93.3%; twelve (40%) had a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) for hydrocephalus. CONCLUSIONS: The present series confirms that the surgical approach, combined with mTOR inhibitors, is still a valid option for the treatment of SEGAs.


Assuntos
Astrocitoma , Neoplasias Encefálicas , Esclerose Tuberosa , Astrocitoma/complicações , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico por imagem , Astrocitoma/cirurgia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/complicações , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/cirurgia , Criança , Humanos , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Esclerose Tuberosa/complicações , Esclerose Tuberosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Esclerose Tuberosa/cirurgia
10.
J Neurooncol ; 138(3): 679-680, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29767306

RESUMO

The therapeutic experience reported in the paper was conceived after the use of nimotuzumab and radiotherapy (BSCPED-05 international multicentric trial, EUDRACT 2005-003100-11) in 2009 when we decided to explore the activity of the same combination plus vinorelbine (see the paper for the rationale).

11.
J Neurooncol ; 140(2): 457-465, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30109673

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The aims of patients' radiological surveillance are to: ascertain relapse; apply second-line therapy; accrue patients in phase 1/2 protocols if second-line therapy is not standardized/curative; and assess/treat iatrogenic effects. To lessen the emotional and socioeconomic burdens for patients and families, we ideally need to establish whether scheduled radiological surveillance gives patients a better outcome than waiting for symptoms and signs to appear. METHODS: We analyzed a prospective series of 160 newly-diagnosed and treated pediatric/adolescent patients with intracranial ependymoma, comparing patients with recurrent disease identified on scheduled MRI (the RECPT group; 34 cases) with those showing signs/symptoms of recurrent disease (the SYMPPT group; 16 cases). The median follow-up was 67 months. RESULTS: No significant differences emerged between the two groups in terms of gender, age, tumor grade/site, shunting, residual disease, or type of relapse (local, distant, or concomitant). The time to relapse (median 19 months; range 5-104) and the MRI follow-up intervals did not differ between the SYMPPT and RECPT groups. The presence of signs/symptoms was an unfavorable factor for overall survival (OS) after recurrence (5-year OS: 8% vs. 37%, p = 0.001). On multivariable analysis, an adjusted model confirmed a significantly worse OS in the SYMPPT than in the RECPT patients. CONCLUSIONS: Symptomatic relapses carried a significantly worse survival for ependymoma patients than recurrences detected by MRI alone. It would therefore be desirable to identify recurrences before symptoms develop. Radiological follow-up should be retained in ependymoma patient surveillance because there is a chance of salvage treatment for relapses found on MRI.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Ependimoma/diagnóstico , Ependimoma/terapia , Adolescente , Neoplasias Encefálicas/mortalidade , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Protocolos Clínicos , Ependimoma/mortalidade , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos
12.
Int J Mol Sci ; 19(10)2018 Sep 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30248992

RESUMO

For glioblastoma, the tumor microenvironment (TME) is pivotal to support tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. TME consists of several types of stromal, endothelial and immune cells, which are recruited by cancer stem cells (CSCs) to influence CSC phenotype and behavior. TME also promotes the establishment of specific conditions such as hypoxia and acidosis, which play a critical role in glioblastoma chemoresistance, interfering with angiogenesis, apoptosis, DNA repair, oxidative stress, immune escape, expression and activity of multi-drug resistance (MDR)-related genes. Finally, the blood brain barrier (BBB), which insulates the brain microenvironment from the blood, is strongly linked to the drug-resistant phenotype of glioblastoma, being a major physical and physiological hurdle for the delivery of chemotherapy agents into the brain. Here, we review the features of the glioblastoma microenvironment, focusing on their involvement in the phenomenon of chemoresistance; we also summarize recent advances in generating systems to modulate or bypass the BBB for drug delivery into the brain. Genetic aspects associated with glioblastoma chemoresistance and current immune-based strategies, such as checkpoint inhibitor therapy, are described too.


Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Barreira Hematoencefálica/fisiopatologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Glioblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Microambiente Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Barreira Hematoencefálica/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Glioblastoma/patologia , Humanos
13.
BMC Cancer ; 15: 616, 2015 Sep 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26337554

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Diencephalic Syndrome is a rare clinical condition of failure to thrive despite a normal caloric intake, hyperalertness, hyperkinesis, and euphoria usually associated with low-grade hypothalamic astrocytomas. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported an unusual case of diencephalic cachexia due to hypothalamic anaplastic astrocytoma (WHO-grade III). Baseline endocrine function evaluation was performed in this patient before surgery. After histological diagnosis, he enrolled to a chemotherapy program with sequential high-dose chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem cell rescue. The last MRI evaluation showed a good response. The patient is still alive with good visual function 21 months after starting chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Diencephalic cachexia can rarely be due to high-grade hypothalamic astrocytoma. We suggest that a nutritional support with chemotherapy given to high doses without radiotherapy could be an effective strategy for treatment of a poor-prognosis disease.


Assuntos
Astrocitoma/complicações , Caquexia/etiologia , Insuficiência de Crescimento/etiologia , Hipercinese/etiologia , Neoplasias Hipotalâmicas/complicações , Astrocitoma/diagnóstico , Astrocitoma/metabolismo , Humanos , Neoplasias Hipotalâmicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hipotalâmicas/metabolismo , Lactente , Masculino
14.
J Neurooncol ; 118(2): 305-312, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24696052

RESUMO

Radiotherapy is the only treatment definitely indicated for diffuse pontine gliomas (DIPG). Findings on the role of EGFR signaling in the onset of childhood DIPG prompted the use of nimotuzumab, an anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody. Assuming a potential synergy with both radiotherapy and vinorelbine, a pilot phase 2 protocol was launched that combined nimotuzumab with concomitant radiation and vinorelbine. An amendment in July 2011 introduced re-irradiation at relapse. The primary endpoint for first-line treatment was objective response rate (CR + PR + SD) according to the RECIST. This report concerns the outcome of this strategy as a whole. Vinorelbine 20 mg/m(2) was administered weekly, with nimotuzumab 150 mg/m(2) in the first 12 weeks of treatment; radiotherapy was delivered from weeks 3 to 9, for a total dose of 54 Gy. Vinorelbine 25 mg/m(2) and nimotuzumab were given every other week thereafter until the tumor progressed or for up to 2 years. Re-irradiation consisted of 19.8 Gy, fractionated over 11 days. Baseline and latest MRIs were assessed blindly by an outside neuroradiologist. Twenty five children (mean age 7.4 years) were enrolled as of August 2009 (median follow-up 29 months). A response was observed in 24/25 patients (96 %). The nimotuzumab/vinorelbine combination was very well tolerated, with no acute side-effects. Eleven of 16 locally-relapsing patients were re-irradiated. One-year PFS and OS rates were 30 ± 10 % and 76 ± 9 %, respectively; 2-year OS was 27 ± 9 %; the median PFS and OS were 8.5 and 15 months, respectively. This strategy generated interesting results and warrants further investigation.


Assuntos
Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/terapia , Quimiorradioterapia , Glioma/terapia , Adolescente , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/efeitos adversos , Anticorpos Monoclonais Humanizados/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias do Tronco Encefálico/patologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Quimioterapia Combinada/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Glioma/patologia , Humanos , Fatores Imunológicos/efeitos adversos , Fatores Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/radioterapia , Projetos Piloto , Retratamento , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do Tratamento , Vimblastina/efeitos adversos , Vimblastina/análogos & derivados , Vimblastina/uso terapêutico , Vinorelbina
15.
Neuropediatrics ; 45(1): 42-9, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24272769

RESUMO

Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) account for 5% of all childhood brain tumors. For years it has been discussed which was the best method of examining tumor progression when the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan does not change. The role of chemotherapy in their treatment still remains controversial. We treated four consecutive patients affected by progressive OPG with lower cumulative doses of cisplatin/etoposide. The extension of disease was assessed by brain MRI scan. A complete ophthalmologic examination was performed. Ototoxicity was monitored. Our OPG patients had reduced visual acuity (VA) and/or visual field (VF) regardless of the MRI evaluation. All patients showed rapid visual recovery with improvement both in VA and in VF. At the time of writing, after a median follow-up of 34 months, all patients were alive and free from disease progression. Our results confirm the effectiveness and the low-toxicity profile of the cisplatin/etoposide regimen for treatment of children affected by OPG. We suggest that VA and VF can be considered as the most accurate parameters for defining the start of chemotherapy and tumor response.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Etoposídeo/uso terapêutico , Glioma do Nervo Óptico/tratamento farmacológico , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cisplatino/administração & dosagem , Progressão da Doença , Etoposídeo/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Masculino , Glioma do Nervo Óptico/diagnóstico
16.
Eur J Pediatr ; 173(8): 1011-5, 2014 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24556730

RESUMO

UNLABELLED: Patients diagnosed with intracranial teratoma are at risk for developing a recurrent malignant germ cell tumor. We describe a 14-year-old boy initially diagnosed with a mature teratoma in the pineal region that recurred as a metastatic beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (ßHCG)-secreting germ cell tumor 3 years after gross total resection. A surveillance brain MRI scan during follow-up demonstrated multiple lesions within the ventricular and subependymal area infiltrating the brain parenchyma along with concomitant elevated levels of ßHCG in both the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. The patient underwent chemotherapy with PEI (cis-platinum, etoposide, ifosfamide) followed by radiation therapy according to the SIOP CNS GCT protocol. The patient is currently alive without evidence of disease 35 months after starting therapy. CONCLUSIONS: A careful and long-term follow-up including scheduled tumor markers as well as surveillance MRI scans is required for patients with intracranial teratoma in an effort to detect and diagnose recurrent malignant disease, especially since multimodal therapy provides the potential for long-term cure.


Assuntos
Gonadotropina Coriônica Humana Subunidade beta/sangue , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/diagnóstico , Pinealoma/diagnóstico , Pinealoma/cirurgia , Teratoma/diagnóstico , Teratoma/cirurgia , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Gonadotropina Coriônica Humana Subunidade beta/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Cisplatino/uso terapêutico , Terapia Combinada , Etoposídeo/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Ifosfamida/uso terapêutico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Pinealoma/sangue , Pinealoma/terapia , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Teratoma/sangue , Teratoma/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento
17.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) ; 15: 1292025, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38681768

RESUMO

Background: Craniopharyngioma (CP), although slow growing and histologically benign, has high morbidity, mostly related to hypothalamus-pituitary dysfunction and electrolyte imbalance. Increased risk of vascular complications has been described. However, data are still poor, especially in the paediatric population. The aim of our study was to evaluate the occurrence, timing, and predisposing factors of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and other vascular alterations in neurosurgical paediatric CP patients. Materials and Methods: In a single-centre, retrospective study, we investigated 19 CP patients (11 males, 8 females, mean age 10.5 ± 4.3 years), who underwent neurosurgery between December 2016 and August 2022, referred to Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS in Florence. Results: Five patients (26.3%) presented vascular events, which all occurred in connection with sodium imbalances. Three DVT (two with associated pulmonary embolism, in one case leading to death) developed in the post-operative period, most frequently at 7-10 days. Elevated D-dimers, a reduced partial activated thrombin time and a prolonged C-reactive protein increase were highly related to thrombotic vascular events. One case of posterior cerebral artery pseudoaneurysm was described soon after neurosurgery, requiring vascular stenting. Superficial vein thrombophlebitis was a late complication in one patient with other predisposing factors. Conclusion: CP patients undergoing neurosurgery are at risk of developing DVT and vascular alterations, thus careful follow-up is mandatory. In our study, we found that the phase of transition from central diabetes insipidus to a syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion may be a period of significant risk for DVT occurrence. Careful vascular follow-up is mandatory in CP-operated patients.


Assuntos
Craniofaringioma , Neoplasias Hipofisárias , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Humanos , Craniofaringioma/cirurgia , Craniofaringioma/complicações , Feminino , Masculino , Criança , Estudos Retrospectivos , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/cirurgia , Neoplasias Hipofisárias/complicações , Adolescente , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/epidemiologia , Procedimentos Neurocirúrgicos/efeitos adversos , Pré-Escolar , Doenças Vasculares/etiologia , Doenças Vasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Vasculares/patologia , Seguimentos
19.
Front Oncol ; 14: 1359093, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38774414

RESUMO

Dabrafenib plus trametinib is a promising new therapy for patients affected by BRAFV600E-mutant glioma, with high overall response and manageable toxicity. We described a complete and long-lasting response in a case of recurrent anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma CNS WHO-grade 3 BRAFV600E mutated. Due to very poor prognosis, there are a few described cases of high-grade glioma (HGG) patients treated with the combined target therapy as third-line treatment. The emergence of optimized sequencing strategies and targeted agents, including multimodal and systemic therapy with dabrafenib plus trametinib, will continue to broaden personalized therapy in HGG improving patient outcomes.

20.
BMC Cancer ; 13: 100, 2013 Mar 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23510391

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (ATRT) patients display a dismal median overall survival of less than 1 year. A consistent fraction of cases carries de-novo SMARCB1/INI1 constitutional mutations in the setting of the "rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome" and the outcome is worst in infant syndromic ATRT patients. CASE PRESENTATION: We here describe a patient affected by mosaic Klinefelter syndrome and by rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome caused by constitutional SMARCB1/INI1 heterozygous mutation c.118C>T (Arg40X). Patient's ATRT primary tumor occurred at 2 years of age concurrent with metastatic lesions. The patient was rendered without evidence of disease by combined surgery, high-dose poli-chemotherapy and craniospinal irradiation, followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. At the onset of a spinal lesion 5.5 years later, both tumors were pathologically and molecularly evaluated at the national central pathology review board and defined as ATRT in a syndromic patient, with strong evidence of a clonal origin of the two lesions. The patient was then treated according to SIOP guidelines and is now alive without evidence of disease 24 months after the detection of metastatic disease and 90 months after the original diagnosis. CONCLUSION: The report underscores the current utility of multiple comprehensive approaches for the correct diagnosis and clinical management of patients affected by rare and atypical brain neoplasms. Successful local control of disease and achievement of long-term survival is possible in ATRT patients even in the setting of rhabdoid tumor predisposition syndrome, infant age at diagnosis and metastatic spread of disease, thus justifying the efforts for the management of this severe condition.


Assuntos
Neoplasias Encefálicas/terapia , Tumor Rabdoide/terapia , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/secundário , Teratoma/terapia , Pré-Escolar , Proteínas Cromossômicas não Histona/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Humanos , Síndrome de Klinefelter , Masculino , Tumor Rabdoide/genética , Proteína SMARCB1 , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/terapia , Sobreviventes , Teratoma/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Resultado do Tratamento
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA