RESUMO
IL-32, a newly-discovered proinflammatory cytokine that activates the p38MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways, is an important player in innate and adaptive immune response. IL-32, a cytokine produced mainly by T, natural killer, and epithelial cells induces significant amounts of TNFalpha and MIP-2 and increases the production of both cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. IL-32 has been implicated in inflammatory disorders, mycobacterium tuberculosis infections, inflammatory bowel disease, and influenza A virus infection, as well as in some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ulcerative colitis and Crohn?s disease and in human stomach cancer, human lung cancer and breast cancer tissues. Moreover, it has been reported that IL-32 has pro-inflammatory effects on myeloid cells and causes the differentiation of osteoclast precursors into multinucleated cells expressing specific osteoclast markers. We recently found that human IL-32 has the capacity to provoke histamine release in human-derived cord blood mast cells (HDCBMC), but not in LAD 2 cells nor in rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC), showing that IL-32 may be specie specific and act more in mature human mast cells (HDCBMC) than in transformed mast cells (LAD 2 cells). Certainly, IL-32 is another potent proinflammatory cytokine, however, the specific role of this newly-discovered protein in the network of cytokine biology remains to be determined.
Assuntos
Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Humanos , Imunidade , NF-kappa B/metabolismoRESUMO
The tridecapeptide neurotensin (NT) acts in the mammalian brain as a primary neurotransmitter or neuromodulator of classical neurotransmitters. Morphological and functional in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the existence of close interactions between NT and dopamine both in limbic and in striatal brain regions. Additionally, biochemical and neurochemical evidence indicates that in these brain regions NT also plays a crucial role in the regulation of the aminoacidergic signalling. Immune cells, such as lymphocytes, macrophages and mast cells are reported to be activated by neuropeptides, such as neurotensin; this activation leads to cytokine and immunoglobulin production. In addition, neurotensin increases calcium level and the production of nitric oxide. Therefore neurotensin is deeply involved in immunity and inflammation but its real function still remains to be elucidated.
Assuntos
Neurotensina/fisiologia , Neurotransmissores/fisiologia , Animais , Comportamento/fisiologia , Química Encefálica , Trato Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Humanos , Neurotensina/imunologia , Neurotensina/metabolismo , Neurotransmissores/metabolismo , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is one of three enzymes generating nitric oxide (NO) from the amino acid L-arginine. iNOS-derived NO plays an important role in several physiological and pathophysiological conditions. NO is a free radical which produces many reactive intermediates that account for its bioactivity. In the human lung, the alveolar macrophage is an important producer of cytokines and this production may be modified by NO. Moreover, high concentrations of NO have been shown to increase nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB) activation. Recent investigations of NO expression in tumor tissue indicated that, at least for certain tumors, NO may mediate one or more roles during the growth of human cancer. We have studied iNOS in two tissue groups: normal human lung tissue and human lung cancer tissue. We localized iNOS in these tissues by immunohistochemistry and tested the mRNA expression by RT-PCR, the protein level by Western blot, and the protein activity by radiometric analysis. The results demonstrate different expression, localization and activity of iNOS in normal versus tumor tissue. This is suggestive of a role for NO production from iNOS in human lung cancer because high concentrations of this short molecule may transform to highly reactive compounds such as peroxynitrite (ONOO-); moreover, through the upregulator NF-kB, they can induce a chronic inflammatory state representing an elevated risk for cell transformation to cancer.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pulmonares/enzimologia , Pulmão/enzimologia , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/metabolismo , Apoptose/fisiologia , Western Blotting , Citocinas/biossíntese , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pulmão/citologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , NF-kappa B/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/biossíntese , Óxido Nítrico Sintase Tipo II/genética , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase ReversaRESUMO
An investigated flavonoid, quercetin, is reviewed in this article. Quercetin is a bioflavonoid found in red wine, grapefruit, onions, apples, black tea, and, in lesser amounts, in leafy green vegetables and beans. Quercetin has an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity and prevents cancer. Quercitin inhibits the growth of certain malignant cells in vitro, and histamine and most cyclin-dependent kinases and also displays unique anticancer properties. Quercetin is a natural compound that blocks substances involved in allergies and is able to act as an inhibitor of mast cell secretion, causes a decrease in the release of tryptase, MCP-1 and IL-6 and the down-regulation of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) mRNA from few mast cell lines. Quercetin is a safe, natural therapy that may be used as primary therapy or in conjunction with conventional methods.
Assuntos
Quercetina , Triptases , Humanos , Hipersensibilidade/metabolismo , Inflamação/metabolismo , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacosAssuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Capsaicina/uso terapêutico , Irritantes/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Capsaicina/farmacologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/farmacologia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Cardiopatias/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Irritantes/farmacologia , Descongestionantes Nasais/farmacologia , Descongestionantes Nasais/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias/prevenção & controle , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Errata Corrige. In the article 'Localization and activity of iNOS in normal human lung tissue and lung cancer tissue' by Speranza L et al, which was published in the July-September issue of the International Journal of Biological Markers (Int J Biol Markers 2007; 22 (3): 226-231), the name of the 6th Author was misprinted. We reprint here with his correct name: S. Tet.