The obstetric caseload of a physician-based helicopter emergency medical service: case review and recommendations for retrieval physician training.

BACKGROUND: The Greater Sydney Area Helicopter Emergency Medical Service provides physicians for undertaking prehospital and inter-hospital critical care. We quantified the obstetric caseload of our service with respect to primary diagnosis and interventions in order to provide targeted physician training. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrieval records over a 4-year period were searched to identify keywords associated with pregnancy or obstetric complications. The data collected related to gestation, diagnosis, nature of transfer and interventions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Of 66 pregnant or postpartum cases, 38 were transported by road and 28 by air. 33 had obstetric-related conditions, and 33 had non-obstetric medical conditions. 61 patients required mechanical ventilation, 23 of whom were intubated by the retrieval physicians prior to transport. 33 patients required vasoactive circulatory support, and arterial and/or central venous access was established in 48 and 30 patients, respectively. The only obstetric interventions provided by retrieval physicians were intravenous tocolytic therapy (two cases) and one case of resuscitative hysterotomy (peri-mortem caesarean section). CONCLUSIONS: A half of all peri-partum patients in our critical care transport service are retrieved for non-obstetric diagnoses. Obstetric interventions by retrieval physicians are rare, but resuscitative hysterotomy may be required. Most interventions are general critical care procedures. Exhaustive training in obstetric emergencies may not reflect the learning needs of retrieval physicians in services such as ours. Educational resources should prioritise general critical care of the pregnant woman rather than specific obstetric procedures. We have used these findings to construct a targeted obstetric module as part of our retrieval physician training programme.

Public access defibrillation remains out of reach for most victims of out-of-hospital sudden cardiac arrest.

INTRODUCTION: Public access defibrillation (PAD) prior to ambulance arrival is a key determinant of survival from out-of-hospital (OOH) cardiac arrest. Implementation of PAD has been underway in the UK for the past 12 years, and its importance in strengthening the chain of survival has been recognised in the government's recent 'Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Strategy'. The extent of use of PAD in OOH cardiac arrests in the UK is unknown. We surveyed all OOH cardiac arrests in Hampshire over a 12-month period to ascertain the availability and effective use of PAD. METHODS: A retrospective review of all patients with OOH cardiac arrest attended by South Central Ambulance Service (SCAS) in Hampshire during a 1-year period (1 September 2011 to 31 August 2012) was undertaken. Emergency calls were reviewed to establish the known presence of a PAD. Additionally, a review of all known PAD locations in Hampshire was undertaken, together with a survey of public areas where a PAD may be expected to be located. RESULTS: The current population of Hampshire is estimated to be 1.76 million. During the study period, 673 known PADs were located in 278 Hampshire locations. Of all calls confirmed as cardiac arrest (n=1035), the caller reported access to an automated external defibrillator (AED) on 44 occasions (4.25%), successfully retrieving and using the AED before arrival of the ambulance on only 18 occasions (1.74%). CONCLUSIONS: Despite several campaigns to raise public awareness and make PADs more available, many public areas have no recorded AED available, and in those where an AED was available it was only used in a minority of cases by members of the public before arrival of the ambulance. Overall, a PAD was only deployed successfully in 1.74% OOH cardiac arrests. This weak link in the chain of survival contributes to the poor survival rate from OOH cardiac arrest and needs strengthening.