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1.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 161(3): 153-163, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30843522

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The transfer of piglets is associated with stress for the transported animals. In addition, animal transports are a risk factor for the spread of pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria and for the introduction of diseases into the herd. In the present study, 101 randomly selected transports of piglets were accompanied from the breeding facility to the pig farm. Parameters related to animal health, animal welfare and biosecurity were assessed. Transported piglets showed signs of abscesses, hernias or cannibalism in 30% and diarrhea or cough in 15% of the cases. The proportion of animals with injuries from conflicts were higher after (15%) than before transport (8%). Suboptimal conditions in regard to density, temperature and lighting were found in 19%, 55% and 36% of the transports. Vehicles were cleaned and disinfected only in 55% of transports before arriving at the breeding facility. Thirty percent of the vehicles were soiled and 20% had already loaded piglets when arriving at the sending facility. Vehicles were neither cleaned nor disinfected in 83% between two piglet transports. Overall, there was a great potential for improvement in animal loading and risk of disease transmission in the investigated piglet transports.


INTRODUCTION: Les transports sont associés à du stress pour les animaux. Ils sont en outre un facteur de risque pour la dissémination de germes pathogènes et antibio-résistants ainsi que pour l'introduction de maladies dans les effectifs d'animaux. Pour la présente étude, on a accompagné 101 transports de porcelets choisis au hasard depuis l'exploitation de production jusqu'à celle d'engraissement. A cette occasion, des paramètres relatifs à la santé des animaux, à leur bien-être et à la biosécurité ont été jugés. Dans environ 30% des cas, des porcelets présentant des abcès, des hernies ou des signes de cannibalisme ont été transportés et dans 15% des cas des animaux souffrant de diarrhée ou de toux. La proportion d'animaux présentant des traces de bagarres était plus élevée de 15% après le transport qu'avant (8%). En ce qui concerne le taux d'occupation, la température et l'éclairage, des carences ont été constatées dans respectivement 19%, 55% et 36% des transports. Les véhicules n'avaient été nettoyés et désinfectés avant leur arrivée dans l'exploitation de production que dans 55% des cas. Trente pour cent des véhicules étaient souillés par des excréments et 20% transportaient déjà des porcelets à leur arrivée sur l'exploitation. Lors de 83% des transports, les véhicules n'ont été ni nettoyés ni désinfectés entre deux transports de porcelets. Il existe un grand potentiel d'amélioration dans les transports de porcelets que nous avons accompagnés, que ce soit du point de vue de l'exposition des animaux au stress ou de la dissémination potentielle de germes.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/estatística & dados numéricos , Bem-Estar do Animal/estatística & dados numéricos , Suínos , Meios de Transporte/estatística & dados numéricos , Meios de Transporte/normas , Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas , Bem-Estar do Animal/normas , Animais , Desinfecção/estatística & dados numéricos , Suínos/lesões , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Suíça
2.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 160(12): 727-736, 2018 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30516475

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: At present, the usage of antimicrobial agents in organic dairy farming is a subject of controversial public debate because of its impact on animals, humans and the environment. This study shows how farms can be successfully managed without using antimicrobials for udder diseases. Thereby, animal welfare and targeted low bulk tank somatic cell counts should not be neglected. The operating data analysed in this study was collected during feeding and milking time on 18 swiss dairy farms that have not been treating diseased udders with antibiotics for at least 3 years. This study is a cross-sectional study. Farmers put the focus on breed characteristics such as a high life performance, low bulk tank somatic cell counts over several lactations, animals with a calm character, and small-formed cows with a deep flank. A trend towards dual-purpose breeds was observed. Few persons were involved in the milking process. Moreover, 94% of the farmers were raising their own young cattle directly on the farm. Consequently, animal transport has been minimized. Furthermore, clear management practices and work processes as well as a good animal observation influenced decisively the production success. additionally some farmers used phytotherapy, homeopathy and tried and true home remedies.


INTRODUCTION: Dans l'élevage laitier, les médicaments vétérinaires contenant des antibiotiques susceptibles d'avoir un effet sur l'homme, l'animal et l'environnement sont un sujet discuté de façon controversée dans le grand public. La présente étude veut démontrer comment fonctionnent des exploitations qui n'utilisent pas de préparations antibiotiques intra-mammaires. Cela doit se passer sans que ni le bien-être des animaux ni un nombre de cellules bas dans le lait ne soient affectés. Les données utilisées pour ce travail ont été collectées pendant l'affouragement et la traite sur 18 exploitations suisses qui, dans les 3 années précédentes, n'avaient pas utilisé d'antibiotiques au niveau de la mamelle. Il s'agit ici d'une étude transversale qui présente les prévalences. Les producteurs s'intéressent à des caractéristiques d'élevage tels que la production totale sur la durée de vie de l'animal, un nombre de cellules bas au cours de plusieurs lactations, un caractère paisible et des vaches de petit format avec une flanc profond. On a constaté une tendance en direction des races à deux fins. Les propriétaires portaient leur attention à ce qu'un petit nombre de personnes pratiquent la traite régulièrement. Vu l'élevage des propres jeunes animaux sur 94% des exploitations, le trafic des animaux a été réduit. D'autre part, des structures d'exploitation et des processus de travail clairs ainsi qu'une bonne observation des animaux avaient un effet décisif sur le succès de ce mode de production. Sur ces exploitations, des méthodes de traitement spécifiques, telles l'homéopathie ou la phytothérapie ainsi que des remèdes traditionnels étaient utilisés en soutien.


Assuntos
Bem-Estar do Animal , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Bovinos/terapia , Indústria de Laticínios/métodos , Leite/metabolismo , Animais , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Bovinos/metabolismo , Tratamento Conservador , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Glândulas Mamárias Animais/fisiologia , Uso Excessivo de Medicamentos Prescritos/prevenção & controle , Qualidade de Vida
3.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 160(10): 597-605, 2018 Oct.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30301713

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A significant Antibiotic-Monitoring-System is essential to analyse the use of antibiotics and to a better understanding of trends in resistance development. In human and veterinary medicine, for example, a system based on defined daily and treatment doses (Defined Daily Dose: DDD and Defined Course Dose: DCD) is applied. These definitions can be used to estimate the number of treatment days and treatments with antimicrobial agents in a population. For veterinary medicine, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has published the European values DDDvet and DCDvet in the farm animal sector. The aim of this study was to define Swiss daily and treatment doses (DDDch and DCDch) for the treatment of pigs and to compare them with the EMA values in order to investigate the differences between individually collected national doses and average international doses. For the comparison, the quotient of Swiss and European values was calculated and the influence of the application form of an active substance and the number of active substances contained in a preparation was investigated. One hundred and three veterinary preparations with 138 active substances were assigned a DDDch and DCDch value. A comparison with EMA values was possible for 118 active substances. The comparison showed median values of 0.91 for the daily doses and 0.90 for the treatment doses, so that the daily and treatment doses in Switzerland are lower than the corresponding EMA doses. Both the form of application (injection solutions: 1.00; premixes: 0.76; P=0.02) and the number of active substances in the preparation (one active substance: 1.00; two active substances: 0.76; three active substances: 0.43; each P.


INTRODUCTION: Pour analyser l'utilisation des antibiotiques et mieux comprendre les tendances dans le développement de résistances, un système significatif de surveillance des antibiotiques est essentiel. En médecine humaine et vétérinaire, un système basé sur des dosages journaliers et des dosages par traitement définis (Defined Daily Dose: DDD et Dose Course Dose: DCD) est par exemple utilisé. Ces définitions peuvent être utilisées pour estimer le nombre de jours de traitement et le nombre de traitements antimicrobiens dans une population. L'Agence européenne des médicaments (EMA) a publié les valeurs européennes DDDvet et DCDvet dans le secteur de l'élevage pour la médecine vétérinaire. Le but de cette étude était de définir les doses journalières et les doses par traitement en Suisse (DDDch et DCDch) pour le traitement des porcs et de les comparer aux valeurs de l'EMA pour examiner les différences entre les doses nationales collectées individuellement et les doses internationales moyennes. Pour la comparaison, le quotient des valeurs suisses et européennes a été calculé et l'influence de la forme d'application d'une substance active ainsi que le nombre de substances actives contenues dans une préparation ont été examinés. Cent trois médicaments vétérinaires contenant 138 substances actives ont reçu une valeur DDDch et DCDch. Pour 118 médicaments, une comparaison avec les valeurs EMA était possible. D'après la comparaison, les valeurs médianes pour les quotients calculés étaient de 0,91 pour les doses journalières et de 0,90 pour les doses de traitement, de sorte qu'en Suisse, les doses journalières et de traitement sont inférieures aux doses correspondantes de l'EMA. La forme d'application (solutions injectables: 1.00, prémélanges médicamenteux: 0.76, P = 0.02) et le nombre de substances actives dans la préparation (une substance active: 1.00, deux substances actives: 0.76, trois substances actives: 0.43, P.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Drogas Veterinárias/administração & dosagem , Animais , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto , Suínos , Suíça
4.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 159(8): 429-435, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28791949

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of Probiotics in Progress (PIP) on the establishment of a competitive flora as well as on antibiotic use and losses of suckling piglets in pig breeding farms. The tested products were PIP AHC® and PIP AHS® produced by "Chrisal AG" in Lommel, Belgium. PIP`s are cleaning products containing Bacillus spores. According to the manufacturer's specifications, they are able to establish a steady non-pathogenic stable flora. In a field trial in 19 pig breeding farms, the use of PIP-products did not lead to any reduction of antibiotic use or improvement of fertility parameters, especially in relation to losses of suckling piglets. In addition, we compared the bacterial flora using PIP products with the flora under conventional management conditions in a farrowing pen by means of swab samples. The use of PIP-products did not lead to any significant effect on the pen flora. Only very few swab samples contained a majority of probiotic Bacillus spp.


INTRODUCTION: Le but de la présente étude était d'étudier l'effet de Probiotica in Progress (PIP) sur l'établissement d'une flore concurrente ainsi que son effet sur la consommation d'antibiotiques et sur les pertes chez les porcelets dans les porcheries d'élevage. On a utilisé pour ce faire les produits PIP AHC® et PIP AHS® de la maison "Chrisal SA" à Lommel en Belgique. Les PIP sont des produits de nettoyage auxquels ont été adjoints des spores de Bacillus et qui, selon les informations du fabriquant, conduisent à l'établissement d'une flore d'écurie apathogène stable. Dans le cadre d'un essai de terrain dans 19 porcheries d'élevage, l'utilisation des produits PIP n'a amené aucune réduction de la consommation d'antibiotiques et aucune amélioration des performances, en particulier en ce qui concerne les pertes au niveau des porcelets. En outre on a comparé dans une porcherie, sur la base d'échantillons d'essuyage, la flore bactérienne présente sous l'effet de PIP à celle recueillie avec un management usuel. L'utilisation des produits PIP n'a pas amené d'effet significatif ou d'influence sur la flore bactérienne. Ce n'est que dans quelques échantillons qu'il a été possible de constater une présence augmentée de Bacillus spp. probiotiques.


Assuntos
Bacillus/fisiologia , Microbiologia Ambiental , Fazendas/normas , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Suínos/fisiologia , Animais , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Cruzamento , Detergentes/administração & dosagem , Fertilidade , Abrigo para Animais
5.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 159(2): 109-116, 2017 02.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28174145

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The Postpartum Dysgalaktie Syndrome (PPDS) also known as metritis agalactia mastitis (MMA), is considered the most common disease of the sow after farrowing. The reasons for PPDS are multifactorial and are to be found in the areas of management and hygiene, feeding, water supply and animal specific factors such as body condition and age of the sows. In this study a veterinary herd health management was carried out in 28 pig farms with PPDS, with the aim to reduce the PPDS prevalence and animal treatment incidence (TI). In 20 of 28 problem farms the PPDS-prevalence could be decreased from 37.4% (± 21.8%) to 24.5% (± 14.1%). The TI was not significantly reduced. The most effective procedures to reduce the PPDS-prevalence were the use of a prepartal transition feed, optimizing the PPDSdiagnostic and the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) and oxytocin in the PPDS-treatment.


Le syndrome de dysgalactie postpartum (PPDS), aussi appelé mammite, métrite, agalactie (MMA) est considéré comme la pathologie des truies la plus fréquente en période post partum. Ses causes sont multifactorielles et doivent être recherchées aussi bien dans le domaine de la gestion, de l'hygiène, de l'alimentation et de l'abreuvement que dans des facteurs propres aux animaux, comme la condition et l'âge. Dans le cadre de cette étude, on a effectué un suivi d'exploitation dans 28 exploitations d'élevage porcin avec une problématique de PPDS, dans le but de réduire la prévalence de cette affection et l'index des traitements. La prévalence de la PPDS s'est réduite dans 20 des 28 exploitations de 37.4% (± 21.8%) à 24.5% (± 14.1%). L'index des traitements n'a pas pu être abaissé significativement. Les mesures les plus efficaces pour abaisser la prévalence de la PPDS ont été l'utilisation d'un aliment de préparation à la mise-bas, l'optimisation du diagnostic de PPDS et l'utilisation d'antiinflammatoires non-stéroïdiens (AINS) et d'ocytocine pour traiter les cas de PPDS.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Mastite/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/terapia , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Incidência , Mastite/tratamento farmacológico , Mastite/epidemiologia , Ocitocina/uso terapêutico , Prevalência , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle
6.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 158(6): 411-22, 2016 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27504837

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The oral group treatment is still a common procedure in swine production. This project studied the effect of the application of 3 different formulations of antimicrobial premixes (1. chlortetracycline, 2. chlortetracycline + sulfadimidine + tylosin, 3. sulfadimidine + sulfathiazole + trimethoprim) via the liquid feeding system on the occurrence of tetracycline-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (Ent-Tetr) in the liquid feed. 156 and 112 feed samples were collected between April and December 2015 in 13 case and 14 control farms, respectively. The 27 farms were randomly selected pig fattening farms located in different parts of Switzerland. The number of feed samples that contained Ent-Tetr as well as the number of Enterobacteriaceae resistant to tetracycline per sample was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group. The use of any of the 3 antimicrobial combinations turned out to be the main risk factor for the occurrence of Ent-Tetr in the liquid feed. Our results suggest that liquid feed containing antimicrobials is a reservoir of antimicrobial resistant bacteria in swine production.


INTRODUCTION: Le traitement de groupe oral est une technique encore répandue dans la production porcine. Le présent travail étudie l'effet de l'application, au moyen du système d'alimentation liquide, de trois prémélanges de compositions différentes (1. Chlortétracycline, 2. Chlortétracycline + Sulfadimidine + Tylosine, 3. Sulfadimidine + Sulfathiazol + Trimethoprime) sur la présence d'entérobactériacées résistantes à la tétracycline (Ent-Tetr) dans l'aliment liquide. Entre avril et décembre 2015, 156 respectivement 112 échantillons d'aliments ont été prélevés dans 13 exploitations-test respectivement dans 14 exploitations de contrôle. Il s'agissait, pour ces 27 exploitations, d'exploitations d'engraissement de porcs choisies au hasard dans diverses régions de la Suisse. Le nombre d'échantillons contenant des entérobactériacées résistantes à la tétracycline ainsi que le nombre de germes Ent-Tetr par échantillon était significativement plus élevé dans les exploitations test que dans celles de contrôle. L'utilisation des formulations de prémélanges étudiées a pu être identifiée comme le facteur de risque principal de voir apparaitre des Ent-Tetr dans les aliments liquides. Ces résultats laissent à penser que, dans la production porcine, les aliments liquides contenant des antibiotiques représentent un réservoir pour les bactéries résistantes aux antibiotiques.


Assuntos
Ração Animal/microbiologia , Anti-Infecciosos/administração & dosagem , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Métodos de Alimentação , Fatores de Risco , Suínos , Suíça , Tetraciclinas/farmacologia
7.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 157(12): 689-96, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26891575

RESUMO

Mastitis-Metritis-Agalactia (MMA), also known as postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PPDS) is the most important disease complex in sows after birth. The present study compared 30 MMA problem herds (over 12% of farrowing sows affected) with 30 control farms (less than 10% of farrowing sows affected) to identify risk factors and treatment incidence. Important risk factors identified were in gilts the integration into the herd after the first farrowing, in gestating sows firm fecal consistency as well as in lactating sows soiled troughs, a low flow rate (<2 liters per minute) in drinking nipples and a high prevalence of lameness. The treatment incidence was also significantly different between the two groups. The MMA prevalence could be reduced through optimization of husbandry, feeding and management, which could essentially diminish the use of antibiotics.


Assuntos
Endometrite/veterinária , Transtornos da Lactação/veterinária , Mastite/veterinária , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/etiologia , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Endometrite/epidemiologia , Endometrite/etiologia , Feminino , Transtornos da Lactação/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Lactação/etiologia , Mastite/epidemiologia , Mastite/etiologia , Período Pós-Parto , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suínos , Síndrome
8.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 157(12): 675-81, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26891573

RESUMO

The attitude as well as the expertise of a person affect the behavior and actions in daily life. To investigate the influence of attitude and knowledge of pig producers on the use of antibiotics in farms, 220 Swiss pig producers were questioned on health awareness, attitude towards sustainable production, risk behavior, intrinsic motivation and knowledge about antibiotics and resistance development. In addition, the strategy of antibiotic use (therapeutic or prophylactic) and the business practice (single or group therapy) for the amount of antibiotics on one hand and for the risk of antibiotic resistance development on the other hand, were determined in a personal interview. Farmers using antibiotics only therapeutically had a better business practice. A direct link between the personal attitude and the antibiotic use or a higher risk of development of antibiotic resistance was not found in this investigation.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Suínos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Animais , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Entrevistas como Assunto , Fatores de Risco , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Suíça
9.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 157(12): 682-8, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26891574

RESUMO

In the present study, risk factors for the use of oral antibiotics in weaned piglets were collected on 112 pig farms by a personal questionaire. The most common indication for an antibiotic group therapy was diarrhoea, and the most frequently used antibiotic was Colistin. On average, 27.33 daily doses in the control farms and 387.21 daily doses in the problem farms per 1000 weaners were administered on a given day. The significant risk factors in the multivariate model were poor hygiene in the water supply of suckling piglets, less than two doses ofprestarter feed daily, lack of an all-in-and-all-out production system in weaners, no herd book performance data analysis, and less than two of the legally prescribed veterinary visits per year. Furthermore, the treatment incidence of weaners for oral antibiotics was calculated on the basis of the drug inventory. This study provides evidence that the use of oral antibiotics in weaners can be reduced by interventions in hygiene and management.


Assuntos
Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Doenças dos Suínos/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Criação de Animais Domésticos/normas , Animais , Colistina/administração & dosagem , Diarreia/tratamento farmacológico , Diarreia/veterinária , Feminino , Higiene/normas , Incidência , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Suíça/epidemiologia , Desmame
10.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 157(12): 682-8, 2015 12.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27583661

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: In the present study, risk factors for the use of oral antibiotics in weaned piglets were collected on 112 pig farms by a personal questionaire. The most common indication for an antibiotic group therapy was diarrhoea, and the most frequently used antibiotic was Colistin. On average, 27.33 daily doses in the control farms and 387.21 daily doses in the problem farms per 1000 weaners were administered on a given day. The significant risk factors in the multivariate model were poor hygiene in the water supply of suckling piglets, less than two doses of prestarter feed daily, lack of an all-in-and-all-out production system in weaners, no herd book performance data analysis, and less than two of the legally prescribed veterinary visits per year. Furthermore, the treatment incidence of weaners for oral antibiotics was calculated on the basis of the drug inventory. This study provides evidence that the use of oral antibiotics in weaners can be reduced by interventions in hygiene and management.


INTRODUCTION: Pour la présente étude, on a relevé, sur la base d'une enquête personnelle dans 112 exploitations d'élevage, les facteurs de risque relatifs à l'usage d'antibiotiques oraux chez les porcelets sevrés. L'indication la plus fréquente pour un traitement antibiotique de groupe était la diarrhée et l'antibiotique le plus fréquemment utilisé la colistine. En moyenne on utilisait 27.33 doses journalières pour 1000 porcelets par jour dans les exploitations de contrôle et 387.21 dans les exploitations à problèmes. Dans un modèle à variables multiples, on a identifié en tant que facteurs de risques une mauvaise hygiène d'abreuvement, l'absence de distribution ou une distribution inférieure à 2 fois par jour d'aliments préstarter, une charge continuelle dans la porcherie de sevrage, l'absence d'utilisation des données de production du herdbook et un nombre de visite de contrôle en matière de médicaments vétérinaire par le vétérinaire d'exploitation inférieur aux deux visites annuelles prescrites. On a en outre calculé, sur la base des listes d'inventaire de l'exploitation, l'incidence des traitements des porcelets sevrés avec des antibiotiques oraux. Ces résultats démontrent que des interventions au niveau de l'hygiène et du management permettent de réduire l'usage d'antibiotiques oraux dans les porcheries de sevrage.

11.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 157(12): 665-73, 2015 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26891572

RESUMO

In a representative cross-sectional study during 12 months of the years 2008/2009 in four abattoirs in Switzerland, lung and pleura lesions as well as lesions of slaughter carcasses and organs of 34 706 pigs were studied for frequency and type of macroscopic lesions. Of the 24276 examined pigs, 91.2% of the lungs, 94.4% of the heart and 95.5% of the livers showed no macroscopically visible lesions. Pigs that were produced for a label program had significantly less bronchopneumonia and pneumonia residuals, pleuritis and liver lesions due to echinococcosis. Pigs supervised by the Swiss Pig Health Service (SGD), showed significantly less bronchopneumonia and pneumonia residuals, diffuse pleuritis, pleuritis/pericarditis and milkspots compared to the non-SGD supervised farms. Thanks to the national eradication program for enzootic pneumonia (EP) and actinobacillosis, the health-status of lungs has been considerably improved and the prevalence of pleurisy decreased considerably. The results of this study indicate a good herd health in Swiss pig production.


Assuntos
Actinobacilose/prevenção & controle , Pulmão/patologia , Pleura/patologia , Pneumonia Suína Micoplasmática/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Suínos/patologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Matadouros , Animais , Estudos Transversais , Fígado/patologia , Miocárdio/patologia , Suínos , Suíça
12.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 155(12): 651-9, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24297839

RESUMO

The objectives of this study were a description of the practical implementation of the painless castration under inhalational anaesthesia with an objective assessment of animal welfare, workplace safety and time exposure. 600 questionnaires were sent to farmers all over Switzerland and 100 farms were visited during castration under inhalation anaesthesia. 44 % of the visited farmers administered analgetics during anaesthesia or less than 10 minutes before castration. 14 % of the piglets were insufficiently anaesthetised (moving or vocalising) and 18 % showed stronger bleeding tendency after castration. The mortality rate was less than 0.1 %. 22 % of the swine farmers reported headache or dizziness during or after castration work. The Isoflurane level on 2 farms was above the Swiss safety limits. The time needed for castration was with 4.3 minutes clearly above the time necessary without anaesthesia. The additional financial costs and time are at the moment not adequately compensated to the farmers.


Le but de la présente étude était de décrire la mise en application en Suisse de la castration indolore des porcelets sous anesthésie par inhalation et d'étudier les aspects de protection des animaux, de sécurité à la place de travail ainsi que de l'investissement en temps pour cette castration. On a envoyé 600 questionnaires à des producteurs de porcelets dans toute la Suisse (taux de retour 40.5 %) et 100 exploitations ont été visitées lors de castrations sous anesthésie par inhalation. Sur 44 % des exploitations visitées, un analgésique était appliqué soit pendant l'anesthésie soit moins de 10 minutes avant la castration. 14 % des porcelets montraient des réactions de défense ou des vocalisations causées par la castration et 18% présentaient une tendance augmentée aux saignements après la castration. La mortalité était inférieure à 0.1 %. 22 % des exploitants mentionnaient des céphalées ou des vertiges pendant ou après les castrations. Sur deux exploitations, les concentrations limites d'isoflurane admises en Suisse étaient dépassées. Le temps nécessaire pour une castration, y compris le pré- et le postopératoire, était, avec 4,3 minute, nettement supérieur à celui nécessaire pour une castration sans anesthésie. Les producteurs ne sont actuellement pas correctement indemnisés pour les surcoûts et l'investissement supplémentaire en temps.


Assuntos
Analgésicos/administração & dosagem , Anestesia por Inalação/veterinária , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Dor/veterinária , Suínos/cirurgia , Anestesia por Inalação/métodos , Bem-Estar do Animal/normas , Animais , Masculino , Saúde Ocupacional , Orquiectomia/efeitos adversos , Dor/etiologia , Dor/prevenção & controle , Suíça , Fatores de Tempo
13.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 155(12): 661-8, 2013 Dec.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24297840

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to describe the practical implementation of the painless castration under injection anaesthesia in Switzerland. 30 swine farms were visited and 60 farmers answered a questionnaire. 34 % of the piglets showed movements during castration under injection anaesthesia and 17 % had excitations during recovery from anaesthesia. After 48 minutes half of the piglets were in sternal position and after 112 minutes half of them showed coordinated movements. The body temperature decreased by 3.1 °C until 60 minutes after castration, especially small piglets reached critical temperature levels. 38 % of the piglets showed strong bleeding after castration. The healing of the wound was good according to 82 % of the farmers. 83 % of the farmers reported piglet losses, especially at the beginning of the anaesthesia period. The anaesthesia may be improved by using butorphanol in addition to the combination of ketamine and azaperone. The recovery of the piglets should be in a warm place without any risk of injury by obstacles or the sow. Increased bleeding can be controlled by using an emasculator.


Le but de la présente étude était de juger de la mise en application en Suisse de la castration indolore des porcelets au moyen d'une anesthésie par injection. On a visite 30 exploitations choisies au hasard et 60 ont été interrogées par le biais d'un questionnaire. Lors des visites, 34 % des 371 porcelets observés ont présenté de fortes réactions de défense en relation avec la castration et 17 % une importante excitation durant la phase de réveil. Il fallait en moyenne 48 minutes pour que la moitié des animaux soient en position sternale et 112 minutes pour que la moitié puissent à nouveau marcher de façon coordonnée. La température corporelle s'abaissait en moyenne de 3.1 °C 60 minutes apres la castration, les plus petits des porcelets atteignant tout particulièrement des valeurs critiques. 38 % des porcelet saignaient fortement après la castration. La cicatrisation était bonne dans 83% des exploitations questionnées. 83 %. 83 % des exploitants se plaignaient de pertes, survenant en particulier lors de la phase de reveil. L'anesthésie avec de la kératine et de l'azaperon peut être améliorée par l'adjonction de butorphanol. Pour la phase de réveil, les porcelets doivent être placés, séparés de leur mère, dans un environnement chaud. On peut diminuer les saignement postopératoires par l'usage d'un émasculateur.


Assuntos
Anestesia/veterinária , Anestésicos/administração & dosagem , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Dor/veterinária , Suínos/cirurgia , Anestesia/métodos , Período de Recuperação da Anestesia , Animais , Temperatura Corporal , Injeções Intramusculares/veterinária , Masculino , Orquiectomia/efeitos adversos , Dor/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos e Questionários , Suíça , Cicatrização
14.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 154(10): 451-4, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23027512

RESUMO

Vaccination of dams in a PCV2 subclinically infected farm 2 and 4 weeks before insemination, with a booster at 12 weeks of gestation did not influence fertility parameters of the dams. However, growth parameters of offspring of vaccinated sows improved significantly (+ 51 g/d), resulting in a shorter growing period of 9 days and a massively improved economy. Mortality of weaners and fattening pigs was not significantly influenced by dam vaccination. Nevertheless, compared to a period of 6 months before vaccination, the mortality rate declined in the weaning period by 0,3 % and in the fattening period by 5,5 %. The Return on Investment (ROI) was calculated with 1:9.5. Even, the historically low pork prices in 2011 led to a ROI of 1:7.


Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos/economia , Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmico de Suínos Desmamados/economia , Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmico de Suínos Desmamados/prevenção & controle , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/economia , Animais , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Suíça , Vacinação/economia
15.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 154(10): 417-27, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23027508

RESUMO

In Switzerland postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS), caused by porcine circovirus type 2, was detected for the first time in 2001. To comprise the PMWS epizooty in 2003 - 2006 retrospectively, individual animals were diagnosed according to internationally accepted criteria and temporal and regional patterns of the epizooty were reconstructed. Occurrence of PMWS was predominantly in regions with a high frequency of swine farms (central and eastern Switzerland). Apparently it was spread to other, less affected regions, through trade of infected fattening pigs. Concurrently, disease was found in different establishments of production. Affected were mainly weaners or fattening pigs. In 40 % of the breeding farms and in 25 % of the fattening farms mortality rate was higher than 5 %. Starting in 2003, also a higher frequency of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PDNS) diseased pigs was diagnosed. In the years 2004 to 2006 they accounted for about 10 % of the diagnosed PCV2-associated diseases. Besides the characteristic skin- and kidney lesions approximately half of the PDNS cases showed wasting and lymphoid lesions with high quantities of PCV2 antigen. We termed these mixed forms PMWS-PDNS-hybrid forms.


Assuntos
Dermatite/veterinária , Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmico de Suínos Desmamados/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Animais , Suínos , Suíça/epidemiologia
16.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 154(10): 429-36, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23027509

RESUMO

Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) was epizoozic between 2003 and 2008 in Switzerland. Nevertheless, infectious risk factors including porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) were missing at all or were seen only sporadically (enzootic pneumonia and actinobazillosis). In a case-control study, 30 farms with PMWS affected pigs were compared to 30 inconspicious farms ("matched pairs"). The case-control allocation was verified by PCV2 DNA measurements of 5 healthy weaned pigs in each control farm, 5 healthy and 5 PMWS affected weaners in each PMWS affected farm. Diseased pigs showed in average 1.8x10(8) DNA templates per ml serum significantly higher than healthy pigs from control farms with 1x10(6) DNA templates per ml serum. Virus load in healthy pigs did not differ between control- and PMWS affected farms. PMWS mainly emerged among affected pigs in the 5th to 8th week of age. In a logistic regression model risk factors were identified such as high occupancy in weaning pens (p = 0.002), large groups in gestation facilities (p = 0.03) as well as reduced birth weight < 1.3 kg (p = 0.04). We suggest these factors might have lead to chronic stress e.g. through influencing negatively social interaction in pigs or disturbances of the maturing immune system. Heavy fly and rodent infestation might not only be viewed as a vector for disease transmission, but, also as a stress factor.


Assuntos
Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmico de Suínos Desmamados/epidemiologia , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , DNA Viral/sangue , Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmico de Suínos Desmamados/sangue , Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmico de Suínos Desmamados/virologia , Fatores de Risco , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Suíça/epidemiologia , Carga Viral
17.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 154(10): 437-44, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Alemão | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23027510

RESUMO

Porcine Circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is able to induce reproductive failures. 286 fetuses from 113 sows of 59 farms with increased reproductive disorders which included abortions, mummies, stillborn and weak born piglets were studied six years after the beginning of the epizooty of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Switzerland. 14 % of the cases were bacterial infections based on histological signs of inflammation and pathogen isolation. 12 % further cases showed inflammatory reactions by histology without pathogen identification. PCV2 was identified in only 4 % of cases by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Thus, PCV2 infections are of minor importance in respect to pig reproductive failures in Switzerland. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) infections were found in 3 % of the cases and seem to occur more infrequently compared to former findings. Hitherto, Enteroviruses/Teschovirus were marginally studied in etiologically undefined cases with a prevalence of 11 %. To our knowledge this is the first identification of Enteroviruses/Teschovirus in fetal tissue from reproductive failures in Switzerland. The etiology remained unclear in more than 50 % of all cases in spite of modern diagnostic methods.


Assuntos
Aborto Animal/epidemiologia , Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmico de Suínos Desmamados/epidemiologia , Aborto Animal/virologia , Agricultura , Animais , Feminino , Síndrome Definhante Multissistêmico de Suínos Desmamados/complicações , Gravidez , Natimorto/epidemiologia , Natimorto/veterinária , Suínos , Suíça/epidemiologia
18.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 154(10): 445-50, 2012 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23027511

RESUMO

This study explores administration of two piglet vaccines as compared to the mono- and adjuvant-application. A vaccine against the Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) cap protein subunit and a vaccine with attenuated live culture against Lawsonia (L.) intracellularis were applied to piglets aged 23.5 days on average. 1'405 animals were divided randomly into four groups. One piglet group was immunized with both vaccines while two other groups were immunized with a combination of one vaccine and adjuvants of alternate vaccination protocol and vice versa. These piglet groups were also compared to a control group supplemented with both adjuvants only. During fattening, pigs, which were simultaneously immunized with Enterisol(®) Ileitis and Ingelvac(®) CircoFLEX(TM) vaccine, gained significantly more weight (792 g/day) when compared to piglet groups mono-vaccinated with Ingelvac® CircoFLEXTM (772 g/day) or either with Enterisol® Ileitis (774 g/day). Moreover, immunized piglet groups showed significantly higher daily weight gain when compared to adjuvants only inoculated control group (751 g/day). Additionally, during fattening the control group displayed higher mortality (6,3 %) than the three vaccinated groups (Ingelvac(®) CircoFLEX(TM) 2,5 %, Enterisol(®) Ileitis 2,3 % and the combination of both vaccines 1,1 %). These data imply that simultaneous immunization with PCV2- and L. intracellularis specific vaccines positively benefit piglet growth observed by an additive effect on growth parameters in farms harboring both pathogens. Return of investment was calculated of 2.10 on the additional Enterisol(®) Ileitis vaccination.


Assuntos
Vacinas Bacterianas/administração & dosagem , Vacinação/veterinária , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Criação de Animais Domésticos/métodos , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Circovirus/imunologia , Esquemas de Imunização , Lawsonia (Bactéria)/imunologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Sus scrofa , Suínos , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Aumento de Peso/efeitos dos fármacos
19.
Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd ; 164(4): 339-349, 2022 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35383031

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Tail biting and lesions are common problems in modern pig production. In 2008 tail docking to prevent tail biting was banned in Switzerland. Since then pigs have been raised with intact tails. This study aimed to assess the current prevalence of tail lesions at Swiss abattoirs and comparing abattoir data with farm-specific data regarding potential risk factors for tail lesions. Data collection was performed in repetitive cycles of two weeks at four abattoirs during all consecutive seasons of one year. Gender, tail length and the tail tip condition were evaluated among other parameters. During 32 weeks in total, 195 704 pigs from 6112 batches from 2510 herds were evaluated. Overall, 63,2 % of the animals included in the analysis were slaughtered with a complete tail (lowest tail length score [TLS]), whereas 36,8 % showed a partial or total loss of the tail. The condition of the tail tip (tail tip condition score [TTCS]) was judged as being intact in 63,0 %, as a healed lesion in 23,7 %, an acute lesion in 1,3 % and a chronic lesion in 12,0 % of all cases. Male animals had significantly higher values for TLS and TTCS than female animals (P ≤ 0,05). TLS values were significantly higher in winter than in spring and summer (P < 0,001). TTCS values were significantly higher in fall than in spring and summer. TLS and TTCS values differed significantly (P < 0,001) between the four abattoirs. Only few significant correlations were found between values of TLS and TTCS and farm-specific data. Recording tail lesions at abattoirs is an accurate method to investigate the prevalence of tail lesions in fattening pigs. However, to monitor animal welfare on herd level, this method is very labor intensive. Moreover, data on tail lesions collected at the abattoir cannot replace veterinary on-farm examination for risk factor identification.


INTRODUCTION: Les morsures et les lésions de la queue sont des problèmes courants dans la production porcine moderne. En 2008, la Suisse a interdit la caudectomie pour prévenir les morsures de la queue. Depuis lors, les porcs sont engraissés avec des queues intactes. Cette étude visait à évaluer la prévalence actuelle des lésions de la queue dans les abattoirs suisses et à comparer les données de l'abattoir avec les données spécifiques à l'exploitation concernant les facteurs de risque potentiels pour des lésions de la queue. La collecte des données a été effectuée par cycles répétitifs de deux semaines dans quatre abattoirs pendant toutes les saisons d'une année. Le sexe, la longueur de la queue et l'état de l'extrémité de la queue ont été évalués parmi d'autres paramètres. Pendant 32 semaines au total, 195 704 porcs provenant de 6 112 lots de 2 510 troupeaux ont été évalués. Dans l'ensemble, 63,2 % des animaux inclus dans l'analyse ont été abattus avec une queue complète (Tail Length Score [TLS] la plus basse), tandis que 36,8 %présentaient une perte partielle ou totale de la queue. L'état de l'extrémité de la queue (Tail Tip Condition Score [TTCS]) a été jugé intact dans 63,0 %des cas, avec une lésion cicatrisée dans 23,7 %des cas, avec une lésion aiguë dans 1,3 %des cas et avec une lésion chronique dans 12,0 %des cas. Les animaux mâles présentaient des valeurs de TLS et de TTCS significativement plus élevées que les animaux femelles (P ≤ 0,05). Les valeurs de TLS étaient significativement plus élevées en hiver qu'au printemps et en été (P < 0,001). Les valeurs de TTCS étaient significativement plus élevées en automne qu'au printemps et en été. Les valeurs TLS et TTCS différaient significativement (P < 0,001) entre les quatre abattoirs. Seules quelques corrélations significatives ont été trouvées entre les valeurs de TLS et TTCS et les données spécifiques à l'exploitation. L'enregistrement des lésions de la queue dans les abattoirs est une méthode précise pour étudier la prévalence de ces lésions chez les porcs d'engraissement. Cependant, pour contrôler le bien-être animal au niveau du troupeau, cette méthode demande beaucoup de travail. En outre, les données sur les lésions de la queue collectées à l'abattoir ne peuvent pas remplacer les examens vétérinaires sur l'exploitation pour l'identification des facteurs de risque.


Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas , Cauda , Matadouros , Bem-Estar do Animal , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/veterinária , Feminino , Masculino , Prevalência , Suínos , Suíça/epidemiologia , Cauda/lesões
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