Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and its association with gastric cancer: health benefits from a Planeterranean perspective.

The Mediterranean Diet (MD) has garnered increasing attention for its potential protective effects against gastric cancer (GC). The MD's rich content of antioxidants, polyphenols, and other bioactive compounds contributes to its ability to modulate gene expression, inhibit tumor growth, and regulate apoptosis. Studies have shown significant reductions in inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) among individuals adhering to the MD, suggesting its pivotal role in mitigating chronic inflammation-associated with cancer development. Furthermore, the MD's anti-angiogenic properties, particularly in components like olive oil, red wine, fish, and tomatoes, offer promising avenues for reducing GC risk by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Additionally, the MD's influence on intestinal microbiota composition underscores its potential in maintaining immune homeostasis and reducing systemic inflammation, factors crucial in GC prevention. Despite challenges such as variability in dietary adherence scoring systems and the need for further gender and geographical-specific studies, evidence supports the MD as a cost-effective and holistic approach to GC prevention. Emphasizing the role of nutrition in public health is a promising strategy with broad implications for global health and cancer prevention initiatives. Therefore, this review explores the multifaceted impacts of the MD on GC prevention, delving into its anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and molecular mechanisms.

Obesity and periodontitis: a comprehensive review of their interconnected pathophysiology and clinical implications.

Obesity and periodontitis are significant health problems with a complex bidirectional relationship. Excess body fat is linked to systemic diseases and can lead to persistent inflammation, potentially harming periodontal health. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the supporting structures of teeth, poses substantial health risks. Both conditions share pathological processes such as inflammation and oxidative stress, which aggravate health status and make treatment more challenging. Understanding this interaction is crucial for developing effective management strategies for both diseases. This study explores the multifaceted aspects of obesity and periodontitis and their reciprocal relationship.

Obesity and Obesity-Related Thyroid Dysfunction: Any Potential Role for the Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD)?

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to explore in-depth the different aspects of the association between very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD), obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS: The VLCKD, proposed as a non-pharmacological strategy for the management of certain chronic diseases, is becoming increasingly popular worldwide. Initially used to treat epilepsy, it has been shown to be effective in controlling body weight gain and addressing various pathophysiological conditions. Research has shown that a low-calorie, high-fat diet can affect thyroid hormone levels. Weight loss can also influence thyroid hormone levels. Studies have suggested that long-term use of VLCKD for refractory epilepsy may be related to the development of hypothyroidism, with an effect seen in various populations. In particular, women with obesity following VLCKD tend to have reduced T3 levels. We propose further research to unravel the underlying mechanisms linking VLCKD to obesity and obesity-related thyroid dysfunction.

Diagnóstico microbiológico. Su importancia en las infecciones quirúrgicas / The microbiological diagnosis. Its importance in surgical infections

Introducción: Se ha calculado una prevalencia total de infección de la herida quirúrgica del 5 al 10 por ciento. Objetivo: Resumir los principales elementos que definen el diagnóstico microbiológico y su importancia en las infecciones quirúrgicas, así como analizar aquellos factores que favorecen la proliferación microbiana en las heridas quirúrgicas. Planteamiento: En la actualidad la infección del sitio quirúrgico constituye la tercera infección nosocomial más habitual y la más importante entre los pacientes operados. El acercamiento a este tema se justifica plenamente si se toma en consideración la diversidad de intervenciones quirúrgicas que se realizan actualmente. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico microbiológico resulta fundamental, tanto para definir la fase de la infección como para identificar el microorganismo que afecta el resultado de la operación, ya que contribuye a establecer la sensibilidad a los antibióticos y a la elección adecuada del tratamiento(AU)

Introduction: Total prevalence of surgical site infection is calculated to from 5 to 10 percent of surgical interventions. Objective: To summarize the main elements defining the microbiological diagnosis and its importance in surgical infections, and analyze those factors that favor microbial proliferation in surgical wounds. Development: At present, surgical site infection is the third most recurrent nosocomial infection and the most important among operated patients. The approach to this topic is fully justified if the diversity of surgical interventions currently performed is taken into account. Conclusions: The microbiological diagnosis is fundamental both to define the infection phase and to identify the microorganism affecting the result of the surgical intervention, because it contributes to knowing the sensitivity to antibiotics and to select the treatment appropriately(AU)