Self-care support for the management of type 1 diabetes during the transition from childhood to adolescence.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the needs of pre-adolescents with type 1 diabetes regarding self-care support for disease management. METHOD: Qualitative study conducted between October and December 2016 with pre-adolescents seen at a hospital outpatient clinic and at Family Health Units; semi-structured interviews were used. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis based on the theoretical basis of self-care support. RESULTS: Nine pre-adolescents participated in the study. It was identified that in order to build self-efficacy, pre-adolescents need to overcome the disease denial phase, know how to handle feelings triggered by the need for lifestyle changes, receive support from their families and social networks, and have the self-awareness and self-perception needed to feel secure in managing their diabetes. CONCLUSION: The intrinsic challenges of adolescence and the way pre-adolescents with diabetes handle the disease have an influence on diabetes management and create needs that must be appreciated by health care professionals in order to provide self-care support.

Maternal Concerns in Home Care for the Premature Newborn: An Integrative Review.

OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze the scientific literature, both national and international, concerning the primary maternal concerns about caring for premature newborns at home. METHODS: This integrative review is based on the guiding question: "What scientific publications from 2012 to 2021 address maternal concerns about the care of premature newborns at home?". Searches were conducted in the electronic databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo, and Cochrane Library. RESULTS: A total of 21 articles were identified. The qualitative analysis showed that maternal concerns pertained to breastfeeding, hygiene, sunbathing practices, managing infant colic, identifying signs, symptoms, and clinical changes, temperature control, and the third phase of the kangaroo method. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal uncertainties underscore the importance of enhancing strategies focused on supporting families and ensuring continued care for neonates at home.

Quality of health care in Primary Care: perspective of people with Diabetes Mellitus.

OBJECTIVES: to identify how people with diabetes assess the care offered by Primary Care teams. METHODS: a cross-sectional study based on structured interviews with the application of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness instrument to people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. RESULTS: 451 individuals participated in the study, more than half aged 60 years or older (64.0%); 63.9% had been diagnosed for more than five years; and 23.9% used insulin. The average score obtained was 2.5, which indicated little involvement in self-care and low support for the care of the chronic condition by the Family Health Strategy team, and was higher among women and people with a partner. CONCLUSIONS: people with diabetes consider that they do not receive individualized treatment, with dialogue and discussion for setting goals, and that they are not prepared for self-managing their health condition.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women and its correlation with socioeconomic determinants.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial pattern of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women and its correlation with socioeconomic determinants. METHOD: Ecological study, carried out with cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women in the state of Pará, Brazil, from 2010 to 2017. Rate analysis was performed using the empirical Bayesian method and univariate local Moran. Bivariate analyses were used to examine the correlation between infection and socioeconomic determinants. RESULTS: High rates of infection were observed in municipalities in the mesoregions of Southeast of Pará and Metropolitan area of Belém. A significant spatial correlation was found between human immunodeficiency virus infection rates in pregnant women and human development index indicators (I = 0.2836; p < 0.05), average income (I = 0.6303; p < 0.05), and illiteracy rate (I = 0.4604; p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The spatial pattern of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women correlated to socioeconomic determinants highlights the need to restructure public policies for the control and prevention of AIDS virus that take into account the socioeconomic factors of this specific population and locoregional disparities in Pará.

Access of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to government programs: Primary Care professionals' perceptions.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze Primary Health Care professionals' perceptions about the access of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to government social support and income transfer programs. METHODS: multicenter/qualitative study, carried out in Family Health Units in four Brazilian capitals: Belém/Pará, Campo Grande/Mato Grosso do Sul, Recife/Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro. Fifty-eight professionals participated (social workers, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physicians and nursing technicians), who provided assistance to people with pulmonary tuberculosis. Individual interviews were conducted, and the content analysis technique was used. RESULTS: among the participants, 45/77.6% were women and 33/56.9% were between 25 and 40 years old. Two thematic categories were organized, demonstrating the perceptions about the possibilities of access to government programs by people with pulmonary tuberculosis in vulnerable situations and the obstacles inherent to this context. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is necessary to move forward in improving patient access to social programs.

The family of the child with special health care needs and their social relationships.

OBJECTIVES: to identify aspects that can influence the types of bonds developed in the social support network of family members of children with special health care needs. METHODS: qualitative research conducted through interviews with 15 family members/guardians in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from January to February 2020. Sanicola's theoretical-methodological framework and Bardin's thematic analysis technique were used. RESULTS: social distancing, lack of responsibility for coordinating care, lack of supplies and lack of individualized care were weaknesses found in the families' social relationships. However, the bonds were strengthened by the relationship of familiarity and availability of professionals in the care of children with special health needs. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: understanding the configuration of primary and secondary social networks and the types of support offered can improve the care of children and strengthen bonds that provide security for families.

Community Health Agents and child health care: implications for continuing education.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the main situations faced by community health agents in relation to children's health in the light of permanent education actions. METHOD: This is a research of qualitative approach, which used the Arc of Maguerez. Ten community health agents from a Primary Health Care Unit participated in the study. The following steps were addressed: observation of reality; identification of key points, and theorization. The speeches were recorded, transcribed, and their textual content was processed in the IRAMUTEQ software, using the Descending Hierarchical Classification. RESULTS: Five classes were formed, which composed three thematic blocks named as follows: child's social vulnerability in the territory; handling the child's health record, and vaccination schedule. CONCLUSION: Unveiling situations that influence the work of community health agents is essential for continuing education, as this favors assumptions applicable to daily work with resoluteness in child health.

Motivation of children at risk for delay in development: the impact of an intervention with mothers.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of an educational intervention with mothers on the motivation of children at risk for development delay, in the light of Paulo Freire's Theory. METHOD: A qualitative, exploratory and descriptive study carried out in March 2018 with mothers of children under two years old enrolled in Reference Centers in Early Childhood Education. Semi-structured interviews were carried out after an educational intervention and the data obtained by the thematic technique were analyzed. RESULTS: There was an increase in maternal knowledge and changes in attitudes about child motivation after intervention, enabling them to share information with other mothers and maternal empowerment to identify changes, motivation and autonomy to seek new ways to promote child development. CONCLUSION: The educational intervention proved to be effective, as mothers began to encourage their children at home and share information with other mothers.

Structure of social networks of people living with HIV and AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the structure of the social network of people living with HIV and AIDS. METHOD: Exploratory and descriptive research with a qualitative approach, developed through interviews with twenty-two people living with HIV and AIDS, from November to December 2019. For analysis, the theoretical-methodological framework of social network was used. RESULTS: The primary networks were of medium size and low density, formed by family members, relatives, friends, neighbors, and colleagues. The secondary networks were characterized by public, private, third sector institutions, workplaces, and by the informal network, which provided support according to the need for care. CONCLUSION: The family was considered the center of the primary social network structure; however, weaknesses in these social relationships were evidenced. The family relational context of the person with HIV and AIDS was influenced by the secrecy of the diagnosis due to the fear of prejudice and discrimination for being HIV-positive. There was a predilection for the services of the secondary social network that took on the role of specific care for the disease.

Social support networks for women in situation of intimate partner violence.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze the possibilities of support that the social support network offers to women in situations of intimate partner violence. METHODS: qualitative research anchored in Sanicola's social network framework. A total of 21 women attended at a specialized social assistance service in Porto Velho-Rondônia, Brazil, participated in a semi-structured interview. RESULTS: the analysis of network maps showed that the secondary social support network mobilized had a central character in the lives of women in situations of violence. These women sought the third sector's secondary network, the churches, from which they received emotional-affective and spiritual support. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: understanding the social network setting and the type of support offered can contribute to improving care for women and strengthening interpersonal and institutional ties that help in the search for breaking the situation of violence.

The Brazilian LGBT+ Health Survey: methodology and descriptive results.

The understanding of health care demands and possible access barriers may support policymaking and best practices targeting the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and related identities (LGBT+) population. The aims of the Brazilian LGBT+ Health Survey were to characterize the LGBT+ population during the COVID-19 pandemic and to specify the characteristics of the COVID-19 pandemic in this population. This is a cross-sectional online study, with a convenience sample of 976 individuals identified as LGBT+, aged 18 years or older from Brazil. It allows investigations of sexuality, discrimination, internal homophobia, health-related behaviors, and health care access. The study adopts a conceptual framework (i.e., validated tools and measures) common to other epidemiological studies, allowing comparisons. We describe the study methodology, some descriptive results, and health-selected indicators compared with the Brazilian National Health Survey. Most of the respondents were from Southeast Region (80.2%), mean aged 31.3 (± 11.5 years). Regarding COVID-19, 4.8% tested positive. Both weekly episodes of discrimination (36%) and depression prevalence (24.8%) were high among the LGBT+ population in Brazil, highlighting mental health and homophobia as major concerns in the LGBT+ context during the pandemic. Although a decade has passed since the institution of the Brazilian National Policy for Comprehensive LGBT Health, appropriate training of health professionals to offer adequate services is still needed. Knowledge of the specific health demands of this group might guide person-centered best practices, promote sexual minority high-acceptance settings, and contribute to higher equity during the pandemic.

Social network of children with cronic disease: knowledge and practice of nursing.

OBJECTIVES: To identify the knowledge and practice of primary care nurses about the social network approach for families of children with chronic diseases. METHODS: Qualitative research, conducted by means of interviews with 23 family health nurses, from one municipality in Paraíba and one in Rio de Janeiro, from June to July of 2017. The data were interpreted using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Social network meant institutional support offered by services outside the unit, and socioeconomic problems involved the family context. In practice, nurses find it difficult to provide comprehensive care and establish ties with families. When referring to other professionals, a weakness in the counter-referral to the family health unit is found. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Some gaps were found regarding the knowledge and practice of nurses regarding the social network approach, which requires professional training to strengthen social relationships and the necessary support for families of children with chronic diseases.

The use of social network methodological framework in nursing care to breastfeeding women.

This study aimed to discuss the contribution of the social network methodological framework in nursing care delivered to women who breastfeed their children up to six months of age. This qualitative study aimed to elaborate the social network map of 20 women through tape-recorded interview. Social network analysis evidenced a 'strong' bond between these women and members from their primary network, especially friends, neighbors, mothers or with the child's father, who were reported as the people most involved in the breastfeeding period. The contribution of this framework to nursing practice is discussed, especially in care and research processes. We believe that nurses' appropriation of this framework can be an important support for efficacious actions, as well as to favor a broader perspective on the social context people experience.

Governance and support from the secondary social network in health care for children and adolescents with chronic diseases. / Governança e suporte da rede social secundária na atenção à saúde de crianças e adolescentes com doenças crônicas.

The objective of this qualitative study was to analyze the structural characteristics of the governance system and support offered by the secondary social network in health care for children and adolescents with chronic diseases. The study was carried out at Family Health Strategy (FHS) units, a specialized outpatient clinic, and a public pediatric hospital in João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil, from February to October 2013, using semi-structured interviews and focus groups. The participants included six managers, 14 health professionals, and 12 family caregivers of children or adolescents with chronic diseases. The data were analyzed according to the principles of thematic content analysis. The governance system found in health care for children and adolescents with chronic diseases was collaborative. Additionally, the limitations of managerial public governance were clear, weakening the secondary social network with repercussions regarding the support offered to the family and cooperation between services. This reality can have a negative impact on the quality and effectiveness of the care provided to children and adolescents with chronic conditions, as it does not meet the real needs of this population.

Estudo de abordagem qualitativa com o objetivo de analisar as características estruturais dos sistemas de governança e suporte ofertado pela rede social secundária na atenção à saúde de crianças e adolescentes com doença crônica. Pesquisa realizada em unidades da Estratégia Saúde da Família, ambulatório especializado e hospital público pediátrico de João Pessoa - PB, de fevereiro a outubro de 2013, por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e grupo focal. Participaram do estudo: 06 gestores, 14 profissionais de saúde e 12 familiares cuidadores de crianças ou adolescentes com doenças crônicas. Os dados foram analisados seguindo-se os princípios da análise temática de conteúdo. Na atenção à saúde das crianças e adolescentes com doenças crônicas evidenciou-se o sistema de governança do tipo colaborativo, bem como limitações da governança pública do tipo gerencial, que fragilizam a rede social secundária com repercussões no suporte oferecido aos familiares e na articulação entre os serviços. Conclui-se que essa realidade pode apresentar impacto negativo na qualidade e efetividade do cuidado prestado às crianças e adolescentes em condição crônica, por não atender as reais necessidades dessa população.

Screening and Brief Intervention for the use of alcohol and other drugs.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the lifetime use of alcohol and other drugs among users of the Family Health Strategy and apply Brief Intervention to problems related to the use of these substances. METHOD: a descriptive cross-sectional study where 1,031 users of the Family Health Strategy of the city of Rio de Janeiro answered a form with socio-demographic information and the Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test. Statistical analysis with simple frequency distribution was performed. RESULTS: the most commonly used drugs in lifetime were alcohol and tobacco; among the illegal drugs, marijuana, hypnotics and cocaine/crack stood out. Those who received most Brief Intervention were users of tobacco, hypnotics, marijuana, cocaine/crack and alcohol. CONCLUSION: it is important to detect early problems associated with the use of alcohol and other drugs in Primary Care, since it has the promotion/protection of health and the prevention of diseases as priority health practices.

Quality of health care in Primary Care: perspective of people with Diabetes Mellitus / Calidad de la atención en salud en Atención Primaria: perspectiva de las personas con Diabetes Mellitus / Qualidade da assistência à saúde na Atenção Primária: perspectiva de pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify how people with diabetes assess the care offered by Primary Care teams. Methods: a cross-sectional study based on structured interviews with the application of the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness instrument to people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Data were submitted to statistical analysis. Results: 451 individuals participated in the study, more than half aged 60 years or older (64.0%); 63.9% had been diagnosed for more than five years; and 23.9% used insulin. The average score obtained was 2.5, which indicated little involvement in self-care and low support for the care of the chronic condition by the Family Health Strategy team, and was higher among women and people with a partner. Conclusions: people with diabetes consider that they do not receive individualized treatment, with dialogue and discussion for setting goals, and that they are not prepared for self-managing their health condition.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar cómo las personas con diabetes evalúan la asistencia ofrecida por los equipos de Atención Primaria. Métodos: estudio transversal, basado en entrevistas estructuradas con aplicación del instrumento Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness a personas con Diabetes Mellitus 2. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico. Resultados: participaron del estudio 451 individuos, más de la mitad con 60 años o más (64,0%); el 63,9% tenía más de cinco años de diagnóstico; y el 23,9% usaba insulina. El puntaje promedio obtenido fue de 2,5, lo que indica poca participación en el autocuidado y bajo apoyo para el cuidado de la condición crónica por parte del equipo de la Estrategia de Salud de la Familia, siendo mayor entre las mujeres y las personas con pareja. Conclusiones: las personas con diabetes consideran que no reciben un tratamiento individualizado, con diálogo y discusión para el establecimiento de metas, y que no están preparadas para el automanejo de la condición de salud.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar como pessoas com diabetes avaliam a assistência ofertada pelas equipes da Atenção Primária. Métodos: estudo seccional, realizado a partir de entrevistas estruturadas com aplicação do instrumento Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness a pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus 2. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: participaram do estudo 451 indivíduos, sendo mais da metade com 60 anos ou mais (64,0%); 63,9% tinham diagnóstico há mais de cinco anos; e 23,9% faziam uso de insulina. O escore médio obtido foi de 2,5, o que indicou pouco envolvimento no autocuidado e baixo suporte ao cuidado da condição crônica por parte da equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família, e foi maior entre as mulheres e pessoas com companheiro(a). Conclusões: as pessoas com diabetes consideram que não recebem tratamento individualizado, com diálogo e discussão para o estabelecimento de metas, e que não são preparados para a autogestão da condição de saúde.

Human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women and its correlation with socioeconomic determinants / Infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas y su correlación con determinantes socioeconómicos / Infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes e sua correlação com os determinantes socioeconômicos

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the spatial pattern of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women and its correlation with socioeconomic determinants. Method: Ecological study, carried out with cases of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women in the state of Pará, Brazil, from 2010 to 2017. Rate analysis was performed using the empirical Bayesian method and univariate local Moran. Bivariate analyses were used to examine the correlation between infection and socioeconomic determinants. Results: High rates of infection were observed in municipalities in the mesoregions of Southeast of Pará and Metropolitan area of Belém. A significant spatial correlation was found between human immunodeficiency virus infection rates in pregnant women and human development index indicators (I = 0.2836; p < 0.05), average income (I = 0.6303; p < 0.05), and illiteracy rate (I = 0.4604; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The spatial pattern of human immunodeficiency virus infection in pregnant women correlated to socioeconomic determinants highlights the need to restructure public policies for the control and prevention of AIDS virus that take into account the socioeconomic factors of this specific population and locoregional disparities in Pará.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar el estándar espacial de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas y su correlación con determinantes socioeconómicos. Método: Estudio ecológico, realizado con casos de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas en el estado de Pará, Brasil, de 2010 a 2017. El análisis de tasas se realizó mediante el método bayesiano empírico y Moran local univariado. Se emplearon análisis bivariados para examinar la correlación entre la infección y los determinantes socioeconómicos. Resultados: Se observaron altas tasas de infección en municipios de las mesorregiones Sudeste de Pará y Metropolitana de Belém. Se identificó una correlación espacial significativa entre las tasas de infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas y los indicadores del índice de desarrollo humano (I = 0,2836; p < 0,05), ingreso medio (I = 0,6303; p < 0,05) y tasa de analfabetismo (I = 0,4604; p < 0,05). Conclusión: El estándar espacial de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana en mujeres embarazadas correlacionado con determinantes socioeconómicos refuerza la necesidad de reestructurar políticas públicas para el control y la prevención del virus del SIDA que tengan en cuenta los factores socioeconómicos de esta población específica y las disparidades locorregionales en Pará.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar o padrão espacial da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes e sua correlação com os determinantes socioeconômicos. Método: Estudo ecológico, realizado com casos de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes no estado do Pará, Brasil, de 2010 a 2017. A análise das taxas foi realizada por meio do método bayesiano empírico e Moran local univariado. As análises bivariadas foram empregadas para examinar a correlação entre a infecção e os determinantes socioeconômicos. Resultados: Verificaram-se altas taxas da infecção em municípios das mesorregiões Sudeste Paraense e Metropolitana de Belém. Identificou-se correlação espacial significativa entre as taxas de infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes e os indicadores índice de desenvolvimento humano (I = 0,2836; p < 0,05), renda média (I = 0,6303; p < 0,05) e taxa de analfabetismo (I = 0,4604; p < 0,05). Conclusão: O padrão espacial da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana em gestantes correlacionada aos determinantes socioeconômicos reforça a necessidade de reestruturação de políticas públicas de controle e prevenção do vírus da AIDS que atentem para os fatores socioeconômicos desse público específico e disparidades locorregionais no Pará.

Maternal Concerns in Home Care for the Premature Newborn: An Integrative Review / Inquietudes Maternas en el Cuidado Domiciliario del Recién Nacido Prematuro: Una Revisión Integradora / Dúvidas maternas no cuidado domiciliar ao recém-nascido prematuro: uma revisão integrativa

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify and analyze the scientific literature, both national and international, concerning the primary maternal concerns about caring for premature newborns at home. Methods: This integrative review is based on the guiding question: "What scientific publications from 2012 to 2021 address maternal concerns about the care of premature newborns at home?". Searches were conducted in the electronic databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo, and Cochrane Library. Results: A total of 21 articles were identified. The qualitative analysis showed that maternal concerns pertained to breastfeeding, hygiene, sunbathing practices, managing infant colic, identifying signs, symptoms, and clinical changes, temperature control, and the third phase of the kangaroo method. Conclusions: Maternal uncertainties underscore the importance of enhancing strategies focused on supporting families and ensuring continued care for neonates at home.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar y analizar las producciones científicas disponibles en la literatura nacional e internacional sobre las principales inquietudes maternas en el cuidado del recién nacido prematuro en el hogar. Métodos: Estudio de revisión integradora, fundamentado en la pregunta guía: "¿Cuáles son las producciones científicas publicadas en el período de 2012 a 2021 sobre las inquietudes maternas en el cuidado del recién nacido prematuro en el hogar?". Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases electrónicas: Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo y Cochrane Library. Resultados: Se identificaron 21 artículos. El análisis cualitativo reveló que las inquietudes maternas estaban relacionadas con la lactancia materna, higiene, práctica de baños de sol, comportamiento ante el cólico del bebé, identificación de signos, síntomas y cambios clínicos, control térmico y a la tercera etapa del método canguro. Conclusiones: Las incertidumbres maternas resaltaron la importancia de mejorar las estrategias dirigidas al apoyo familiar y a la continuidad del cuidado del neonato en el hogar.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar e analisar as produções científicas disponíveis na literatura nacional e internacional sobre as principais dúvidas maternas no cuidado ao recém-nascido prematuro em domicílio. Métodos: Estudo de revisão integrativa, fundamentado na questão norteadora: "Quais são as produções científicas publicadas no período de 2012 a 2021 sobre as dúvidas maternas no cuidado ao recém-nascido prematuro em domicílio?". As buscas foram realizadas nas bases eletrônicas: Embase, Medline, Web of Science, Lilacs, Scielo e Cochrane Library. Resultados: Foram identificados 21 artigos. A análise qualitativa revelou que as dúvidas maternas estavam relacionadas ao aleitamento materno, higiene, prática de banho de sol, conduta em relação à cólica do bebê, identificação de sinais, sintomas e alterações clínicas, controle térmico e à terceira etapa do método canguru. Conclusões: As incertezas maternas destacaram a importância do aprimoramento das estratégias voltadas para o apoio à família e à continuidade do cuidado ao neonato em domicílio.

Access of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to government programs: Primary Care professionals' perceptions / Acceso de personas con tuberculosis pulmonar a programas gubernamentales: percepciones de profesionales de Atención Primaria / Acesso de pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar aos programas governamentais: percepções dos profissionais da Atenção Primária

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze Primary Health Care professionals' perceptions about the access of people with pulmonary tuberculosis to government social support and income transfer programs. Methods: multicenter/qualitative study, carried out in Family Health Units in four Brazilian capitals: Belém/Pará, Campo Grande/Mato Grosso do Sul, Recife/Pernambuco and Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro. Fifty-eight professionals participated (social workers, dentists, nurses, pharmacists, physicians and nursing technicians), who provided assistance to people with pulmonary tuberculosis. Individual interviews were conducted, and the content analysis technique was used. Results: among the participants, 45/77.6% were women and 33/56.9% were between 25 and 40 years old. Two thematic categories were organized, demonstrating the perceptions about the possibilities of access to government programs by people with pulmonary tuberculosis in vulnerable situations and the obstacles inherent to this context. Final considerations: it is necessary to move forward in improving patient access to social programs.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar as percepções dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde sobre o acesso de pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar aos programas sociais governamentais de suporte e de transferência de renda. Métodos: estudo multicêntrico/qualitativo, realizado em Unidades de Saúde da Família de quatro capitais brasileiras: Belém/Pará, Campo Grande/Mato Grosso do Sul, Recife/Pernambuco e Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro. Participaram 58 profissionais (assistentes sociais, dentistas, enfermeiros, farmacêuticos, médicos e técnicos de enfermagem), que prestavam assistência às pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar. Foram realizadas entrevistas individuais, e utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: entre os participantes, 45/77,6% eram mulheres e 33/56,9% tinham entre 25 e 40 anos. Organizaram-se duas categorias temáticas, demonstrando as percepções acerca das possibilidades de acesso aos programas governamentais por pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar em situação de vulnerabilidade e os obstáculos inerentes a esse contexto. Considerações finais: é necessário avançar na melhoria do acesso dos doentes aos programas sociais.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar las percepciones de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre el acceso de las personas con tuberculosis pulmonar a los programas gubernamentales de apoyo social y transferencia de ingresos. Métodos: estudio multicéntrico/cualitativo, realizado en Unidades de Salud de la Familia en cuatro capitales brasileñas: Belém/Pará, Campo Grande/Mato Grosso do Sul, Recife/Pernambuco y Rio de Janeiro/Rio de Janeiro. Participaron 58 profesionales (trabajadores sociales, odontólogos, enfermeros, farmacéuticos, médicos y técnicos de enfermería) que brindaron asistencia a personas con tuberculosis pulmonar. Se realizaron entrevistas individuales y se utilizó la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: entre los participantes, 45/77,6% eran mujeres y 33/56,9% tenían entre 25 y 40 años. Se organizaron dos categorías temáticas, demostrando las percepciones sobre las posibilidades de acceso a los programas gubernamentales por parte de las personas con tuberculosis pulmonar en situación de vulnerabilidad y los obstáculos inherentes a este contexto. Consideraciones finales: es necesario avanzar en mejorar el acceso de los pacientes a los programas sociales.

The family of the child with special health care needs and their social relationships / La familia del niño con necesidades especiales de salud y sus relaciones sociales / A família da criança com necessidades especiais de saúde e suas relações sociais

ABSTRACT Objectives: to identify aspects that can influence the types of bonds developed in the social support network of family members of children with special health care needs. Methods: qualitative research conducted through interviews with 15 family members/guardians in the city of Rio de Janeiro, from January to February 2020. Sanicola's theoretical-methodological framework and Bardin's thematic analysis technique were used. Results: social distancing, lack of responsibility for coordinating care, lack of supplies and lack of individualized care were weaknesses found in the families' social relationships. However, the bonds were strengthened by the relationship of familiarity and availability of professionals in the care of children with special health needs. Final Considerations: understanding the configuration of primary and secondary social networks and the types of support offered can improve the care of children and strengthen bonds that provide security for families.

RESUMEN Objetivos: identificar aspectos que puedan influenciar los vínculos establecidos en la red de apoyo social de familiares de niños con necesidades especiales de salud. Métodos: se trata de una investigación cualitativa, llevada a cabo con entrevista de 15 familiares/responsables residentes en el municipio de Río de Janeiro, entre enero y febrero de 2020. Se utilizó el marco teórico y metodológico de Sanicola y la técnica de análisis temático de Bardin. Resultados: el distanciamiento social, la irresponsabilidad en la coordinación de los cuidados, la falta de insumos y de una acogida singular pusieron de manifiesto las debilidades de las relaciones sociales familiares. Sin embargo, los vínculos se vieron reforzados por la relación de confianza y disponibilidad de los profesionales en el cuidado del niño con necesidad sanitaria especial. Consideraciones Finales: comprender la configuración de las redes sociales primarias y secundarias y los tipos de apoyo que ofrecen puede contribuir para mejorar el cuidado de los niños y reforzar los vínculos que generan seguridad para las familias.

RESUMO Objetivos: identificar aspectos que podem influenciar os tipos de vínculos estabelecidos na rede de apoio social de familiares de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada mediante entrevista com 15 familiares/responsáveis residentes no município do Rio de Janeiro, no período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2020. Utilizaram-se o referencial teórico-metodológico de Sanicola e a técnica de análise temática de Bardin. Resultados: o distanciamento social, a desresponsabilização pela coordenação do cuidado, a falta de insumos e de um acolhimento singular evidenciaram as fragilidades nas relações sociais familiares. No entanto, os vínculos foram fortalecidos pela relação de familiaridade e disponibilidade dos profissionais no cuidado à criança com uma necessidade especial de saúde. Considerações Finais: compreender a configuração das redes sociais primária e secundária e os tipos de apoios ofertados pode contribuir para a melhoria do cuidado às crianças e fortalecer laços que geram segurança às famílias.