[Pilot study: evaluation of manual methods for modulating the cardinal symptom tinnitus : A prospective randomized study]. / Pilotstudie: manualmedizinische Methodenevaluation zur Modulierbarkeit des Leitsymptoms Tinnitus : Eine prospektive randomisierte Studie.

BACKGROUND: Tinnitus and vertigo have been studied in many ways. This led to a variety of explanations from multiple medical disciplines. The musculature of the jaw and cervical spine have also been researched in this regard. Dysfunctional musculature can trigger tinnitus and dizziness. This subtype of tinnitus is called cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of manual therapy on subject-reported, individually perceived impairment due to cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus (Tinnitus Handicap Inventory), dizziness (Dizziness Handicap Inventory), and hypertonia of the musculature of the head and cervical spine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective randomized trial, 80 patients (40 in the intervention group/40 in the control group) were medically examined and interviewed. Afterwards, they received targeted manual therapy. RESULTS: After manual therapy, there were significant differences in the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory, Dizziness Handicap Inventory, and muscular hypertonia between the groups, all in favor of the intervention group. CONCLUSION: Manual examination and therapy proved to be effective. It should be increasingly applied in the absence of ENT pathology and suspected cervicogenic somatosensory tinnitus. The role of individual muscles requires further investigation.

[Determinants for the Access to Follow-Up Rehabilitation Concerning Cardiological Patients after Surgery]. / Einflussfaktoren des Zugangs in die Anschlussrehabilitation (AHB) von operativ versorgten kardiologischen Patienten.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to analyze individual and environmental factors influencing the access to follow-up rehabilitation of cardiological patients after surgery. METHODS: An exploratory, cross-sectional study without intervention was conducted. A standardized questionnaire was used for data collection in two acute care clinics at cardiological and cardiosurgical wards. Multivariate logistic regression was used to measure the influence of different factors on the access to follow-up rehabilitation. In 61.0% of the patients a follow-up rehabilitation was granted. RESULTS: 210 patients were included. The average age was 52.1 years, 81.0% were male. There were significant differences between the groups with and without follow-up rehabilitation concerning age (p=0.018), sex (p=0.007), the PAREMO-scales "Änderungsbereitschaft" (p=0.011) and "Skepsis" (p=0.005) and the aim of rehabilitation to learn skills in dealing with the disease (p=0.043). The Barthel-Index was not significant different between the two groups. The chance to get a follow-up rehabilitation was significantly increased by indications corresponding to the "AHB-Indikationskatalog" (p=0.001; OR=5.76) and after request of the patients to get a follow-up rehabilitation (p<0.001; OR=17.91). DISCUSSION: The access to follow-up rehabilitation was predominantly indication-specific and depended on patients' request of cardiological patients after surgery. A follow-up rehabilitation requires an adequate rehabilitation capacity (Barthel-Index). However the effect of the Barthel-Index on the access to follow-up rehabilitation was not significant. CONCLUSION: It is still in question, to what extent the personal patient's wish can be linked to parameters of rehabilitation capacity. Furthermore it is necessary to develop concepts which increase the influence of rehabilitation capacity on the decision of a follow-up rehabilitation.

[Musculoskeletal-related chest pain]. / Muskuloskeletal bedingter Thoraxschmerz.

BACKGROUND: Approximately 10-50% of chest pains are caused by musculoskeletal disorders. The association is twice as frequent in primary care as in emergency admissions. AIM: This article provides an overview of the most important musculoskeletal causes of chest pain and on the diagnostics and therapy. METHODS: A selective search and analysis of the literature related to the topic of musculoskeletal causes of chest pain were carried out. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Non-inflammatory diseases, such as costochondritis and fibromyalgia are frequent causes of chest pain. Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus are much less common but are more severe conditions and therefore have to be diagnosed and treated. The diagnostics and treatment often necessitate interdisciplinary approaches. Chest pain caused by musculoskeletal diseases always represents a diagnosis by exclusion of other severe diseases of the heart, lungs and stomach. Physiotherapeutic and physical treatment measures are particularly important, including manual therapy, transcutaneous electrical stimulation and stabilization exercises, especially for functional myofascial disorders.

Realization of a double-barrier resonant tunneling diode for cavity polaritons.

We report on the realization of a double-barrier resonant tunneling diode for cavity polaritons, by lateral patterning of a one-dimensional cavity. Sharp transmission resonances are demonstrated when sending a polariton flow onto the device. We show that a nonresonant beam can be used as an optical gate and can control the device transmission. Finally, we evidence distortion of the transmission profile when going to the high-density regime, signature of polariton-polariton interactions.

K→(ππ)(I=2) decay amplitude from lattice QCD.

We report on the first realistic ab initio calculation of a hadronic weak decay, that of the amplitude A(2) for a kaon to decay into two π mesons with isospin 2. We find ReA(2)=(1.436±0.063(stat)±0.258(syst))10(-8) GeV in good agreement with the experimental result and for the hitherto unknown imaginary part we find ImA(2)=-(6.83±0.51(stat)±1.30(syst))10(-13) GeV. Moreover combining our result for ImA(2) with experimental values of ReA(2), ReA(0), and ε'/ε, we obtain the following value for the unknown ratio ImA(0)/ReA(0) within the standard model: ImA(0)/ReA(0)=-1.63(19)(stat)(20(syst)×10(-4). One consequence of these results is that the contribution from ImA(2) to the direct CP violation parameter ε' (the so-called Electroweak Penguin contribution) is Re(ε'/ε)(EWP)=-(6.52±0.49(stat)±1.24(syst))×10(-4). We explain why this calculation of A(2) represents a major milestone for lattice QCD and discuss the exciting prospects for a full quantitative understanding of CP violation in kaon decays.

Simultaneous interferometric measurement of corrosive or demineralizing bacteria and their mineral interfaces.

Here, we report simultaneous surface profile measurements of several bacterial species involved in microbially influenced corrosion and their solid-surface interfaces by using vertical scanning interferometry. The capacity to nondestructively quantify microscale topographic changes beneath a single bacterium without its removal offers a unique opportunity to examine in vivo microbe-surface interactions.

The best from East and West? Acupuncture and medical training therapy as monotherapies or in combination for adult patients with episodic and chronic tension-type headache: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of a complex health intervention, based on the combination of conventional Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), in an outpatient department of a university hospital for patients with frequent episodic or chronic tension-type headaches. METHODS/DESIGN: This is a prospective randomized controlled pilot study with four balanced treatment arms (usual care, acupuncture, training, and training plus acupuncture). Each arm will have 24 patients. After the initial screening examination and randomization, a 6-week treatment period follows, with treatment frequencies decreasing at 2-week intervals. After completion of the intervention, two follow-up evaluations will be performed 3 and 6 months after the start of treatment. At predefined times, the various outcomes (pain intensity, health-related quality of life, pain duration, autonomic regulation, and heart rate variability) as well as the participants' acceptance of the complex treatment will be evaluated with valid assessment instruments (Migraine Disability Assessment, PHQ-D, GAD-7, and SF-12) and a headache diary. The acupuncture treatment will be based on the rules of TCM, comprising a standardized combination of acupuncture points and additional points selected according to individual pain localization. The training therapy comprises a combination of strength training, endurance training, and training to improve flexibility and coordination. Besides descriptive analyses of the samples, their comparability will be assessed using an analysis of variance (ANOVA) or chi-squared tests. Analyses will be performed on an intention-to-treat basis. Potential interaction effects will be calculated using a repeated-measures ANOVA to test the primary and secondary hypotheses. In supplementary analyses, the proportion of treatment responders (those with a 50% reduction in the frequency of pain episodes) will be determined for each treatment arm. DISCUSSION: This trial may provide evidence for the additive effects of acupuncture and medical training therapy as a combination treatment and may scientifically support the implementation of this complex health intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered on 11 Feburary 2019. German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00016723.

Factors that predict the referral of breast cancer patients onto clinical trials by their surgeons and medical oncologists.

PURPOSE: To improve understanding of physicians' reluctance to refer patients to clinical trials. METHODS: This study was conducted in a large metropolitan region from 1993 to 1995 using a two-staged population-based sampling strategy. A total of 147 physicians discussed 245 patient cases and their own knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward clinical trials. RESULTS: Ninety-three patients (38. 0%) were offered a trial, and 49 (52.7%) of them agreed to participate. Forty-five patients (18.4%) actually received their adjuvant therapy on trial. Older patients and those with a poorer prognosis were less likely to be referred. Patients who delayed their decision were more than three times as likely to participate in a trial and more than eight times as likely to participate when they were reported to be actively involved in making the decision. Generally, physicians in university settings and who had formal support from a cooperative group were more likely to refer patients to trials. More specifically, surgeons referred more patients to trials when they felt comfortable explaining trials or believed that treatment should not stray from protocol. Oncologists were less likely to make referrals if they perceived the paperwork to be onerous or entry requirements to be too stringent. Surgeons' participation in recommending adjuvant therapy to patients resulted in more trial referrals unless they treated their patients with tamoxifen. CONCLUSION: (1) Physicians still need to overcome attitudinal and practical barriers to trial participation, (2) more support for physicians is needed, (3) surgeons may play a pivotal role in the recruitment of patients to adjuvant therapy trials, and (4) garnering patient enthusiasm for trial participation and involving them in the choice of adjuvant therapy may be key components to increasing trial enrollment.

Particulate ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase: induction in cultured human peripheral CD3+ mononuclear blood cells.

There have been conflicting reports about the occurrence and/or activity of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) sensitive guanylyl cyclase in the immune system. This study reports on ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase mRNA expression and guanylyl cyclase activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) shows that activated human PBMC of healthy blood donors express functional active ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase after vitro culture, whereas freshly isolated PBMC show neither specific mRNA for particulate guanylyl cyclase nor ANP-sensitive activity of this enzyme. To define the subpopulation of PBMC expressing this enzyme, cultivated PBMC were subfractioned and analyzed by RT-PCR and in situ PCR. Only CD3+ PBMC showed mRNA for ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. Induction of the guanylyl cyclase required coincubation with other cells, indicating that a factor or factors secreted from cells other than CD3+ cells induces this expression. In summary, ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase is an inducible enzyme in human CD3+ PBMC in contrast to other cells where it is considered to be constitutive.

The push-and-pull mechanism to scavenge redox-active transition metals: a novel concept in myocardial protection.

OBJECTIVE: Traces of redox-active transition metals such as iron and copper play an important role in free radical formation during postischemic reperfusion of the heart. Two studies were conducted to assess the efficacy of the complexes of desferrioxamine with zinc or gallium to prevent this aspect of reperfusion injury. METHODS: In study I, isolated working rat hearts (n = 96) were subjected to 2 hours of hypothermic arrest at 10 degrees C induced by use of St Thomas' Hospital cardioplegic solution II supplemented with desferrioxamine, zinc-histidinate, zinc-desferrioxamine, gallium-nitrate, or gallium-desferrioxamine. In study II, isolated nonworking rat hearts (n = 23) were subjected to normothermic regional (10 minutes) or global (35 minutes) unprotected ischemia. In this study, the perfusate was supplemented with gallium-desferrioxamine during preischemic and postischemic periods. RESULTS: In study I, the addition of desferrioxamine, zinc-histidinate, or gallium-nitrate to St Thomas' Hospital solution II improved postischemic aortic flow recovery. When the binary complexes zinc-desferrioxamine or gallium-desferrioxamine were added, however, functional recovery was further enhanced significantly. In study II, high-performance liquid chromatography analyses of tissue from postischemic hearts exposed to unsupplemented perfusate revealed a marked increase of malondialdehydes. In hearts perfused with perfusate supplemented with gallium-desferrioxamine, however, tissue malondialdehyde concentrations were significantly smaller, indicating reduced free radical formation. CONCLUSIONS: The data suggest synergistic protection by the complexes of the iron chelator desferrioxamine with zinc or gallium. The single components neutralize transition metals by 2 different but complementary push-and-pull mechanisms, thereby leading to an inhibition of metal-mediated site-specific free radical formation and improvement of postischemic cardiac function.

Emission pattern of high-energy pions: A new probe for the early phase of heavy-Ion collisions

The emission pattern of charged pions has been measured in Au+Au collisions at 1 GeV/nucleon incident energy. In peripheral collisions and at target rapidities, high-energy pions are emitted preferentially towards the target spectator matter. In contrast, low-energy pions are emitted predominantly in the opposite direction. The corresponding azimuthal anisotropy is explained by the interaction of pions with projectile and target spectator matter. This interaction with the spectator matter causes an effective shadowing which varies with time during the reaction. Our observations show that high-energy pions stem from the early stage of the collision whereas low-energy pions freeze out later.

Evidence for a Soft Nuclear Equation-of-State from Kaon Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions.

The production of pions and kaons has been measured in 197Au+197Au collisions at beam energies from 0.6 to 1.5A GeV with the kaon spectrometer at SIS/GSI. The K+ meson multiplicity per nucleon is enhanced in Au+Au collisions by factors up to 6 relative to C+C reactions, whereas the corresponding pion ratio is reduced. The ratio of the K+ meson excitation functions for Au+Au and C+C collisions increases with decreasing beam energy. This behavior is expected for a soft nuclear equation-of-state.

Acridizinium salts as a novel class of DNA-binding and site-selective DNA-photodamaging chromophores.

It was demonstrated that the interaction of the aminoacridizinium salts 2a-2d with DNA depends on the substitution pattern of the chromophore. Spectrophotometric and fluorometric titrations of the acridizinium salts 2a-2d with natural and synthetic polynucleotides reveal that the degree of interaction of the acridizinium salts 2a-2d with the nucleic acid differs significantly. The binding mode of the dyes with DNA was evaluated by circular dichroism and linear dichroism spectroscopy and compared with the parent system 2c. Whereas the 9-aminoacridizinium (2a) mainly intercalates into DNA, the salts 2b-c show a higher degree of association to the DNA backbone. The intercalated aminoacridizinium 2a caused few strand breaks upon UVA exposure, whereas the salts 2b-2d exhibit relatively efficient DNA-damaging properties. All acridizinium salts showed a sequence-selective strand cleavage for guanine-rich DNA regions.

Attenuation of potassium cyanide-mediated neuronal cell death by adenosine.

Glutamate has been shown to play an important role in delayed neuronal cell death occurring due to ischemia. Attenuation of synaptically released glutamate can be accomplished by modulators such as adenosine and baclofen. This study focused on the ability of adenosine to attenuate the excitotoxicity secondary to glutamate receptor activation in vitro after exposure to potassium cyanide (KCN) in hippocampal neuronal cell cultures. For this study, hippocampal cell cultures were obtained from 1-day-old rats and trypan blue staining was used for assessment of cell viability. It was found that the N-methyl-D-aspartate-specific antagonist MK801 (10 microM) attenuated neuronal cell death resulting from exposure to 1 mM KCN for 60 minutes. Adenosine (10 to 1000 microM) decreased neuronal cell death secondary to the same concentration of KCN in a dose-dependent manner. This same neuroprotective effect is mimicked by the adenosine A1-specific receptor agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (10 microM). The A1-specific receptor antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dimethylxanthine (10 to 1000 nM) blocked the neuroprotective effect of adenosine in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, neuronal cell death produced by KCN in the experimental model described was mediated at least in part by glutamate. This neuronal cell death was attenuated by adenosine via the A1-specific mechanism.

Particulate ANP-sensitive guanylyl cyclase in blood and bone marrow cells of patients with acute leukemia.

Increases in plasma cyclic GMP levels have been shown to correlate with increased plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in patients with fluid overload due to increased secretion of ANP. There is evidence that plasma cyclic GMP levels are also elevated in some patients with acute leukemia, but increased ANP secretion has not been demonstrated. To elucidate the possibility that a newly expressed guanylyl cyclase may be responsible for the increase of plasma cyclic GMP levels patients with acute and chronic leukemia as well as patients with lymphoma and healthy volunteers were studied. Plasma levels of cyclic GMP were measured and isolated peripheral blood mononuclear or bone marrow cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of ANP. The stimulation of cells was measured as cGMP accumulation in the supernatant. Furthermore guanylyl cyclase activity was measured in membrane preparations of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. While leukocytes of healthy subjects were devoid of detectable ANP-stimulated particulate guanylyl cyclase activity, ANP-sensitivity was observed in seven patients with acute lymphoblastic and in three patients with acute myelogenous leukemia. Cyclic GMP in the supernatant of cells was elevated between 2- and 132-fold of basal when cells were incubated with 1 microM ANP for 60 minutes. Like in healthy volunteers, no effect of ANP on freshly isolated mononuclear cells was observed in cases with chronic leukemia or in patients with lymphoma. Expression of ANP-sensitive particulate gunaylyl cyclase may be connected with malignant transformation of lymphocytes in patients with acute leukemia and might be useful for their diagnosis and classification.

Fluid mechanics of left ventricular assist system outflow housings.

Using the Novacor (Baxter Novacor, Oakland, CA) Left Ventricular Assist System (LVAS) as a test bed, phasic flow patterns were analyzed for three outflow valve housing designs: 1) a triple sinus; 2) an axisymmetric concentric sinus (CS); and 3) a modified triple sinus (MS). The 21 mm Carpentier-Edwards trileaflet pericardial heart valve prosthesis was used for all experiments done on the three housing designs. The LVAS was actuated by a laboratory model of the Novacor LVAS control console, and it was connected to a mock flow loop with an adjustable afterload system to provide physiologic pressures and flows (Pao, 120/80 mmHg; pump output [PO], 2-6 L/min). Laser illuminated flow visualization techniques were used to investigate the phasic flow patterns of the housings, and the visualization derived velocity was verified by laser Doppler velocimetry at several selected points in the field. Formation of vortices behind the leaflets during the LVAS ejection phase was observed in each of the housing designs. They were well organized, and they circulated with the greatest strength in MS. These vortices tended to lie in a plane parallel to the main flow axis, with the rotational velocity increasing with the stroke volume of the LVAS. In the CS and the MS housings, a circumferential flow that provided good washing of this region was observed behind the stents.

Paradoxical instruction in the treatment of encopresis and chronic constipation: an experimental analysis.

The purpose of the present single-case experimental investigation was to examine the efficacy of paradoxical instruction in the treatment of exacerbation-based discontinuous encopresis and chronic constipation. The subject, a 9-yr old male, complained of infrequent bowel movements and daily soiling. In addition, toileting and related activities appeared to cause considerable anxiety. An ABAB reversal design with 1-yr follow-up was used as a means of evaluating treatment effectiveness. Dependent measures included weekly parental records of soiling and appropriate bowel movements. Results indicated a clear demonstration of functional control and consistent improvement in the encopretic disturbance. These findings were maintained at 1-yr follow-up.

The "bathroom game": a systematic program for the elimination of encopretic behavior.

The present investigation utilized a unique, variable ratio schedule of reinforcement (the "bathroom game") to treat a 10-year-old encopretic male. Dependent measures included confirmed incidents of (a) soiling and (b) appropriate bowel movements monitored across an ABAB design (Baseline 1, "Bathroom Game 1", Baseline 2, "Bathroom Game 2") with one-year follow-up. During "bathroom game" conditions, contingent monetary rewards were provided for non-instances of soiling and appropriate bowel movements. Such rewards were progressively and systematically leaned-out over the course of treatment on a pre-determined variable ratio schedule. Results indicated a clear demonstration of functional control and clinically significant treatment effects during both experimental periods. These findings are discussed with regard to the positive features of the "bathroom game" procedure and recommendations are made for future investigations in the area.

Structurally related immunological effects of triterpenoid saponins.

The influence of the triterpenoid saponins 1-10 has been investigated on murine spleenocytes in the lymphocyte transformation test and on murine macrophages in an phagocytosis assay. The lymphocyte transformation test and the phagocytosis assay showed that the tested compounds have no stimulating effect. However, a significant inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by the triterpenoid saponins 2, 6 and 10 was demonstrated.