Seroprevalence of infectious laryngotracheitis disease in backyard chickens in villages of Ada'a district, Oromia, Ethiopia: first report.

As per the report from the OIE in 2005, infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) has not been yet reported in Ethiopia. Hence, considering the evident clinical signs on-field associated with the disease, it felt that there is a need to identify the disease and to protect the chicken population. The study was, therefore, aimed at identifying the seroprevalence of ILT virus from the samples collected from chickens in backyard system, so as to notify its prevalence and setup recommendations for further research in the future. Consequently, cross-sectional study was conducted in eleven purposefully selected peasant associations (PA) of Ada'a district from January to May 2019 to determine ILT in backyard chickens. A total number of 426 sera sample of backyard chickens were randomly collected from 11 PA and each sera was exposed to an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA), at the National Animal Health Diagnostic and Investigation Center, Ethiopia. Out of 426 samples, 233 (54.7%) samples were found positive for ILT virus-specific antibody. The highest prevalence was recorded in Wajitu (83.3%), whereas the least was in Giche (40.7%) PA. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) among seroprevalence and study PA. The result of this study revealed that a high prevalence of ILT virus is circulating among backyard chickens in the selected PA of Ada'a district, which could significantly affect the poultry sector. Thus, further studies on the circulating strains and the epidemiology of the disease should be carried using a molecular diagnostic test.

Seroepidemiology of Infectious Bursal Disease in Poultry Reared Under Backyard Production System in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Infectious bursal disease (IBD) has been known to cause high morbidity and mortality in chickens resulting in considerable financial losses to poultry producers. This study was performed with the objectives of estimating the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of IBD in backyard chickens in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. METHODS: A total of 482 serum samples were collected from chickens reared under backyard systems using a multi-stage cross-sectional study design. The serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-IBDV antibodies using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A questionnaire survey was also performed to identify risk factors affecting chicken production in the study area. RESULTS: From the total of 482 serum samples tested, 236 (48.96%; 95% CI: 44.32-53.42) were positive for anti-IBDV antibodies. Higher seroprevalence was recorded in Humbo district (55.75%; 95% CI: 46.11-65.09) followed by Sodo Zuria (51.54%; 95% CI: 42.62-60.39), Damotgale (46.22%; 95% CI: 36.49-56.18), and Kindokoysha district (42.86%; 95% CI: 34.32-51.72) although the difference was not statistically significant. Significantly lower prevalence was recorded in indigenous chickens (43.36%; 95% CI: 37.53-49.32) compared to exotic chickens (57.14%; 95% CI: 49.89-64.17). The odds of occurrence of IBD in the local chicken breed was 0.67 times lower than that of the exotic chicken breed. The odds of occurrence of IBD in chickens from flock size ≥5 chickens was 4.33 times higher than chickens from flock size <5 chickens. A statistically significant association (P < 0.05) was observed between treatment history and isolation of sick chickens with mortality in the flock. CONCLUSION: This study revealed that IBD is one of the major infectious diseases that affect the traditionally managed chickens in the study area with the flock size and breed of chickens are identified as important risk factors for IBD occurrence. Besides, chicken producers did not have enough knowledge about the nature and epidemiology of IBD. Thus, proper management practices together with appropriate vaccination programs are necessary to reduce IBD incidence in the study areas.